Solanum tuberosum, also known as potato, potato, yam egg, etc.

belongs to Solanaceae and is a perennial herb, but it is cultivated once a year or twice a year. Underground tubers are round, oval, oval and have bud eyes; The aboveground stems are triangular and hairy; Odd pinnate compound leaves, terminal corymb, white, red or purple; The seeds are oblate and yellow, and are mostly propagated by tubers. Tubers are edible and are important crops for both food and vegetables. Because of their rich nutrition, they are called "underground apples" and one of the five major food crops in the world (the five major food crops refer to rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and potato). It is widely cultivated as a food crop in many countries in Europe and America. This product is native to the Andes of Peru and the coastal areas of Chile in South America. It was introduced to Europe in the early 15th century, and then spread to all parts of the world quickly. It was introduced into China in the mid-16th century.

The calorie content of potatoes is low, 9 calories per 1 grams, while the same amount of rice or flour reaches 35 calories. The carbohydrates it contains are easily assimilated into blood, and it can resist hunger without hurting the stomach.

Potato has high yield and strong adaptability to the environment. The main potato producing areas in China are southwest mountainous area, northwest, Inner Mongolia and northeast China. Among them, the southwest mountainous area has the largest planting area, accounting for about 1/3 of the total area of the country. Heilongjiang Province is the largest potato planting base in China.

When the tuber is used for asexual propagation, the seed potato can germinate and grow at the soil temperature of 5 ~ 8℃, and the optimum temperature is 15 ~ 2℃. The temperature suitable for the growth and flowering of plant stems and leaves is 16 ~ 22℃. The most suitable temperature for tuber formation at night is 1 ~ 13℃ (soil temperature is 16 ~ 18℃), and it forms slowly when it is higher than 2℃. When the temperature drops to -2℃, it will be damaged by freezing.

The flowering and tuber formation period is the period of maximum water demand in the whole growth period. In case of drought, irrigation of 15-2 tons per mu is the key technical measure to ensure high and stable yield of potatoes.

generally speaking, potatoes absorb about 6.65-11.65 kilograms of nitrogen, 2.8-3.3 kilograms of phosphoric acid and 9.3-15.3 kilograms of potassium oxide at an yield of 133-165 kilograms per mu. Although potatoes can adapt to a variety of soils, black soil with loose and rich organic matter (pH 5.5 ~ 6.) is the most ideal. The density should not be less than 4 seedlings per mu.

Experts remind you to peel potatoes.

Potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro and other potato foods are rich in nutrients. They contain much more protein and vitamin C, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 than apples, and are also high in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium, especially potassium, which can be said to rank first among vegetables. Potatoes contain a lot of high-quality cellulose, which can prevent constipation and prevent cancer. So, how to eat potatoes to eat well?

First of all, to ensure the quantity, you should eat about 8 grams of potato food (potato, sweet potato and taro) every day. Secondly, the combination of meat and vegetables is good. As long as the combination is good, you can enjoy the food and achieve the goal of keeping slim. When eating potatoes, the intake of staple food should be reduced accordingly, which can be controlled according to the ratio of potatoes to staple food of 3: 1 ~ 4: 1. If you eat about 8 grams of potato food every day, it may help reduce the risk of stroke.

Many mashed potatoes and French fries in fast food are oxidized during processing, which destroys a lot of vitamin C and greatly reduces the nutritional components. For French fries, it is easy to increase the intake of fat, and it is difficult to judge whether the oil of French fries is fresh. In addition, repeated high-temperature heating produces polymers, such as toxic cyclic monomers, which are carcinogens, so eat as little as possible.

Nutritionists point out that there is no need to worry about excess fat when eating potatoes, because it only contains .1% fat, which is the least among all foods to satisfy hunger. Eating more potatoes every day can reduce fat intake and gradually metabolize excess fat.

It is worth noting, however, that potatoes, especially potatoes, contain a toxic substance called alkaloids, which can cause poisoning, nausea, diarrhea and other reactions if people ingest a large amount of alkaloids. This toxic compound is usually concentrated in the potato skin, so it must be peeled when eating, especially when peeling the green skin. In addition, potatoes with buds are more toxic. When eating, you must dig out the buds and roots and soak them in clear water. Stewing and cooking should be on fire.

In addition, if pregnant women often eat potatoes with high alkaloid content, accumulation in the body may lead to fetal malformation. Of course, there are considerable individual differences among people, and not everyone will have abnormalities after eating potatoes. However, it is better for pregnant women not to eat or eat less potatoes, especially potatoes that have been stored and germinated for a long time, which is especially important for women in the early pregnancy.