Western food etiquette 1
One. seating arrangement
(1) Long tables are mostly used for western food. Besides the main table, round tables can be used for large banquets. Seats are usually arranged for formal banquets, or only for the main guests. Other guests only arrange tables or sit freely. Either way, you should inform everyone before attending the meeting so that everyone can have a good idea (you can indicate the station number on the invitation).
(2) the seating arrangement of western food, the height of the seats on the same table depends on the distance from the host's seat, with the right high and the left low.
(3) Traditionally, men and women are alternately arranged in western food, subject to the position of the hostess, with the guest of honor sitting on the right side of the hostess and the lady of the guest of honor sitting on the right side of the host.
(4) For western-style banquets with more than two tables, each table should have the first host, whose position should be the same as that of the host of the main table, and the guests should be seated according to the seating arrangement method of the main table.
(5) In case of special circumstances, the seating arrangement can be handled flexibly. For example, the status of the guest of honor is higher than that of the host. In order to show respect for the guest of honor, the guest of honor can be arranged in the position of the host, while the host sits in the position of the guest of honor and the second host sits on the left side of the guest of honor.
Second, the order of western food.
When tasting western food, you should know the order of western food. The so-called western food ordering refers to the formal serving order when enjoying western food.
The menu of western food is obviously different from that of Chinese food. For example, in Chinese food, soup is the standard "ending song" for dining; In western food, soup is used to "take the lead". It should be noted that western food is also divided into dinner and simple meal, and their order is very different.
1. Dinner menu
Dinner in western food, especially formal dinner, is not only complicated and diverse, but also very particular. In most cases, a western meal usually consists of seven or eight dishes. A complete dinner takes about 1-2 hours.
(1) appetizer. The so-called appetizer is a dish used to give diners an appetizer. Because it is the most advanced in western food, it is also called the head basin. In the dinner of western food, sometimes it is not included in the formal preface, but only used as a "prelude" in most cases. The appetizer is a mixed dish composed of vegetables, fruits, meat and seafood. Most of them are made of various sauces, which are not only pleasing to the eye, but also delicious.
2 soup. Soup is essential in western food. It tastes fragrant and has an excellent appetizing effect. According to tradition, soup is the "pioneer" in western food. Only when you start eating soup can you officially start eating western food. Western soup includes white soup, red soup and clear soup. When enjoying western food, you can only serve one kind of soup.
③ Main course. The main course is the core content of western food. The main courses in western food are usually cold and hot, but most of them should focus on hot dishes. For more formal western food, it is usually a cold dish and two hot dishes. Of the two hot dishes served, one is often fish, the other is meat, and sometimes a seafood is added. In the main course of western food, meat dishes are used to represent the grade and level of dining.
4 snacks. After eating the main course of western food, you can order some snacks as needed, such as cakes, biscuits, silk, pies and sandwiches to fill those who are not full. If you are full, you don't have to eat.
5 dessert. The most common desserts in western food are pudding and ice cream. These desserts are regarded as examples at dinner. Therefore, diners should try to taste.
[6] Hot drinks. Before the end of western food, hot drinks should be provided to diners as the "finale". The most formal hot drink is black tea or coffee without anything. You can't have both. The main function of hot drinks is to help diners digest. Hot drinks can be drunk at the table or in other places, such as in the lounge or living room.
2. Simple meal menu
Dinner in western food is more common at banquets or other important festivals. Although it is magnificent, it is often expensive and time-consuming. Under normal circumstances, people always simplify western food to dinner, that is, simple western food. Its menu mainly consists of appetizer, soup, main course (one for each person), dessert, hot drink and so on.
Third, western tableware.
When learning western etiquette, mastering the use of western tableware is one of the key contents. Among all western tableware, knives, forks, spoons and napkins are the most representative. They are introduced respectively below.
1. Knife and fork
Knife and fork are the general names for the two western-style tableware. They can be used together or separately. But more often, knives and forks are used together.
To master the use of knives and forks, we need to learn the categories, usage and tips of knives and forks.
(1) Classification and placement of knives and forks.
At a formal western banquet, Lai cuisine is served separately, and you need to change a knife and fork every time you eat Lai cuisine. In other words, every time you eat Alai food, you must match different kinds of special knives and forks. You must never use a knife and fork from beginning to end, and you must not use a knife and fork indiscriminately.
When enjoying western-style dinner, a pair of knives and forks for personal use will be placed on the table in front of each diner, such as a knife and fork for butter, a knife and fork for fish, a knife and fork for meat and a knife and fork for dessert. These knives and forks not only have different shapes, but also have specific positions.
The knife used to eat butter has no fork, and its correct position is horizontally placed in front of the diner's left hand.
Knives and forks for eating fish and meat should usually be placed vertically on both sides of the plate in front of the diner, with the knife on the right and the fork on the left, so that the diner can take them from outside to inside in turn.
Knife and fork for dessert should be used last, usually placed horizontally above the plate used by everyone.
(2) the use of knives and forks.
The correct way to hold a knife is to hold it with your right hand, with your thumb on one side of the handle, your forefinger pressed against the handle, and the other three fingers bent to hold the handle. When the knife is not in use, it should be placed horizontally on the upper right of the plate.
The correct way to hold the fork If the fork is not used with the knife, hold the fork with the right hand and feed the fork teeth upwards. When the knife and fork are used together, the right hand holds the knife, the left hand holds the fork, and the fork teeth fork the meat downward; After the meat is cut, put down the knife first, take a fork in your right hand, fork the meat with a fork and send it to your mouth.
There are two ways to use knives and forks: English and American. The British way of using requires diners to always hold a knife in their right hand and a fork in their left hand when using knives and forks. This method is more elegant. The American way is to cut all the food to be eaten with the right knife and the left fork, then put the right knife in front of the plate, change the left fork into the right one, and finally eat with the right fork.
Precautions when using a knife and fork When eating with a knife and fork, you should pay attention to the following points no matter which way you use it: ① Don't make a clang when cutting food; (2) When cutting food, you should start from the left and work step by step from left to right; (3) When cutting food, the elbow should sink and move back and forth. Don't bend left and right, and don't lift your elbows too high. (4) The size of each cut food should be just right at the entrance. Generally, you should eat with a fork shovel, not with a fork knife, and don't take a bite after the fork is lifted; ⑤ When both hands use a knife and fork at the same time, the fork teeth should face down, and when the right hand eats with a fork, the fork teeth should face up. Don't put the knife and fork out when you put it down temporarily; 6. If the knife and fork fall on the ground, it should not be used again, but the waiter should be asked to change another pair.
(3) The implication of knife and fork.
Through the different placement of knives and forks, diners can hint to the waiter whether they want to eat another dish.
Suggest that you haven't finished eating. When eating, if the diner forks the knife from right to left, the blade is inward. The fork teeth are facing down, and they are placed on the plate in a figure of eight, which means that the waiter has not finished the dish yet.
It is suggested that you can remove the dining car. If you finish a dish or don't want to eat any more because it doesn't suit your taste, you can fork the knife left and right, with the blade inward, and put the fork teeth side by side on the dining table, or fork it on the knife and put it on the dinner plate. This practice means that the waiter can take the knife, fork and plate away from the table together.
2. spoon
Spoons are also called spoons. When tasting western food, the spoon is an indispensable main tableware. There are two kinds of spoons in western food.
First of all, the larger spoon is usually placed at the outermost end of the knife on the right side of the diner and arranged side by side with the knife; The second is the dessert spoon, which is usually placed directly above and side by side with the knife and fork used for dessert. The correct way to use the spoon: hold the handle of the spoon with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, hold the spoon to stand on its side, and don't let the soup drip out of the soup plate. The spoon on the dining table is used to mix drinks. Whatever you drink, you should take it out of the cup and put it in the tray after use.
Pay attention to the following points when using a spoon:
(1) Spoons can be used to drink soup and dessert, and black tea, coffee and any other staple foods and dishes can never be directly scooped.
(2) When eating with a spoon, be sure not to overdo it. Once you enter, you should use it immediately. Don't taste a spoonful of things many times.
(3) Use the spoon neatly and don't stir it in soup, sweet crystal, black tea or coffee.
(4) Don't put the used spoon back, put it in a plate or put it in a soup plate, red tea cup or coffee cup. The correct way is to put it on a plate for the time being.
table napkin
Besides washing clothes and wiping mouth, napkins have a special suggestive function in western food.
(1) indicates the start of the meal. Traditionally, when enjoying western food, the dining guests consciously keep consistent with the hostess. When the hostess spreads out a napkin for herself, it is generally equivalent to officially announcing the start of the meal.
(2) It is recommended to leave temporarily. If you need to leave for a while while eating, you usually don't have to announce anything to others, just put your napkin on the chair surface of your seat.
(3) It is recommended to end the meal. When the hostess puts the napkin on the dining table, it is intended to announce the end of the meal, and other guests should take the initiative to leave when they see this scene.
The choice of tableware should be decided according to the order of serving. Generally speaking, according to the rules of western food, what tableware should be used for eating and what glasses should be used for drinking.
Fourth, western dining etiquette.
(1) Go to dinner on time. Western banquets usually start on time, so when invited to dinner, you must never arrive late or early.
The host and hostess greet each other at the door. When you meet the host, you just need to shake hands with the host without too much greeting. Because guests will come one after another, chatting with the host is not only impolite, but also hinders the reception of other guests.
③ Ladies are preferred. When taking a seat, a man should open a chair for the lady around him, and ask the lady to sit down before sitting down. Be sure to take good care of the lady when eating. After receiving the service, don't forget to thank the male guests.
(4) From the beginning to the end of the banquet, guests must always pay attention to the hostess's actions to avoid rudeness. For example, occasionally guests who are late will be seated. When she stands up from her seat to greet and greet, the male guests at the table must also stand up with her. After each dish is served, you must be greeted by the hostess before you can start eating.
(5) Before taking a seat, put a white western-style napkin in front of each guest to avoid soiling clothes during meals. In western families, it is often stuffed in the neckline for daily meals. But when they attend the party, they are all kneeling. A large napkin that is usually only half opened is folded in half and unfolded. When you leave the table after eating, pick up the napkin and put it on the table at will. ：
(6) When entertaining guests at home, most important dishes are served by the host, especially poultry or barbecue that needs to be cut.
Usually wait until there is a dish in front of everyone, and the hostess picks up her fork before eating together. Sometimes, because there are too many guests, the hostess may invite people to dinner first, because she is afraid that the food will not taste good after waiting for a long time. At that time, it was only polite to wait for the guests next door to eat.
(7) There are two ways to eat meat: one is to eat while cutting, and the other is to cut the meat (such as steak) first, and then put the knife on the right side of the food plate and eat it with a fork alone.
Meat pies, fried eggs, salads, no knives, just forks.
If there is gravy in the meat plate, if you want to eat it, you can dip it in bread.
You can't eat bread with a knife and fork, you can only tear it with your hands.
Potato chips, sliced meat, celery, asparagus, etc. You can eat bread with your hands without a knife and fork, but when you eat it, it is limited to your thumb and forefinger. After eating, you can wipe your hands with the small towel in front of you.
You can use a fork or spoon when eating dessert.
You don't need to put down your knife and fork when talking. You can talk with a fork at the same time. If the guest puts down his fork, the hostess may think that he has finished the dish.
(9) If the hostess asks the guest if she wants some more food. Guests can take this opportunity to express their appreciation for the dishes cooked by the hostess.
For example, when the host asks the guest, "May I give you some more chicken?" Guests can say, "OK, thank you. This chicken is delicious." Or say, "thank you, I don't want it." This chicken is delicious. "
(10) Like Chinese etiquette, the hostess should always accompany the guest who eats the slowest. After eating what you want, you should put the knife and fork side by side on the plate. The spoon should be left in the soup bowl. If there is a dish at the bottom of the bowl, put it on the dish. The teaspoon should not be left in the cup, but should be put on the saucer. When you want another cup of tea or coffee, all cups, saucers and teaspoons should be given to the hostess.
It is impolite for a guest to leave during a meal or before the hostess says the meal is over. If you have to leave, you should ask the hostess to forgive you. When the hostess said that the party was over, she stood up from her seat. At the same time, all the guests should stand up with her. According to etiquette, after the female guests stand up, the male guests should help them put the chairs back.
Dining etiquette of western food II
(A) the basic etiquette when eating
1, chewing soup makes no noise. This is the difference between people and animals.
Don't burp loudly in public.
Don't bump the cups and plates. Don't move the plate.
4. Place the knife and fork gently, don't scratch.
Don't wave your knife and fork when you speak, and don't point your knife and fork at people.
6. Don't bend down to eat. This is really pitiful and embarrassing.
7. Just cut a bite of food and put it in your mouth instead of just eating half a bite.
8. Don't look at the brand name at the bottom of the tray.
9. Every time you serve food, start with the outermost knife and fork.
10. Use the cup placed in the front right, and don't take other people's cups.
(2) Rules for the Use of Western Tableware
China tableware only has a pair of chopsticks, while western tableware is a whole row of dazzling array. Please relax. Although there are many dishes, actually only four dishes have been prepared. These four dishes are appetizers, soup, fish and meat, but the tableware is set out together.
1. Knife and fork arrangement: the knives and forks are close together, and the blades are inward.
The placement of knives and forks is a signal to tell the waiter when to take away the dishes. If the knife and fork are on both sides of the plate, it means that you are still eating. On the contrary, when the knife and fork are placed in parallel, it means that you have finished eating. Another way of saying it is that when eating in a popular restaurant, only one knife and fork is used from beginning to end. After the plate is taken away, the used knife and fork will remain on the table to continue eating the next dish. At this time, don't put the knife and fork directly on the table, but put the blade down between the tines.
When you finish eating, you can put the knife and fork on the plate and keep the blade inward, which will not only make your desktop cleaner, but also facilitate the waiter to clean the tableware.
2, public tableware: with both hands, more elegant.
When you eat in a restaurant, you will encounter some dishes or foods that are not cooked for one person, such as paella or big salad. For many people, this dish will come with a fork and a mother key.
It is actually indecent to operate a spoon and fork with only one hand when holding vegetables. That's the skill of professional waiters, and most people don't need to know it. On the contrary, it is more elegant to use both hands: the right spoon is at the bottom and the left fork is at the top. Put the food on the spoon, press it with a fork, and then put it on your plate.
After each meal, remember to gather the food on the plate in the middle and point the handles of the fork and spoon at your partner. This will not only keep the plate beautiful, but also facilitate others to take the meal.
(3) How to eat food without tableware
Salty snacks can be taken directly by hand, and some foods can be eaten by hand without tableware. This kind of food is called finger food. Usually, this kind of food is served before wine and dinner.
The function of finger food is to protect gastric mucosa by filling the stomach before drinking aperitif. In addition, when people are on an empty stomach, blood sugar will drop, and eating something will calm their mood.
A common salty snack is Canapé, which is a thin piece of bread or biscuit with ham and smoked fish on it. Usually three pieces. Just eat it in your hand. Eat it all at once, don't just bite half, it's unsightly.
Grab the edge of the snack with one hand and two fingers. Bread must be buttered with a knife. Bread is basically peeled off by hand and then buttered. However, grape bread and German brown bread are easily broken when peeled by hand. At this time, a piece of bread was cut in half with a knife, and after all the bread was buttered, it stuttered directly by hand.
(4) Should I use a knife and fork to eat pizza?
Pizza, like eating steamed buns and steamed buns, has no clear rules and can be freely played. But pizza is sticky, soft and unpalatable. How to eat without being sloppy?
Neapolitan pizza has a thick edge and a thin middle, so it is inconvenient to eat it directly by hand. You can cut off the triangular tip of the first half with a knife and eat it in a soft place with a fork. The rest of the hard place is easier to hold and can be eaten directly by hand.
American pizza is the most common kind of thick-skinned pizza, which is easy to eat directly by hand. Most pizzas use mozzarella cheese, which sticks to the cake and is difficult to break. Knife and fork are also used to help clear the entanglement.
Dining etiquette of western food 3
After you start eating, don't bury your head in it. Westerners attach great importance to communication at the dinner table. What are the dining etiquette in western restaurants? Let's have a look.
Learn to praise your master.
Make compliments a habit, but don't let people think you are flattering. You should learn to sincerely praise the host and the delicious food provided by the host.
Tips: Don't wait until the host asks if the food is delicious, but before the host asks!
Moderate drinking
When drinking, you must do what you can. In addition to table wine, the host may also provide liqueur, champagne or after-dinner wine (liqueur), so the amount of each wine should be appropriate, otherwise you may get drunk and end up making jokes.
Tips: If you don't want others to add wine for you, you should basically make sure that the wine in the glass is intact.
supply amount
As guests, we usually take only a small portion of each dish. When you finish using it, when the host asks if you need to install another one, your acceptance will be the most sincere compliment to the host. At the same time, you can say: "This dish is delicious, thank you, I want to taste it more carefully!" " If you politely refuse, you can also say, "Thank you, I want to save some space and try the next dessert!" " "Of course, the host will ask you how you feel about the dishes, whether they are to your taste, whether you like them, and so on.
For the wine on the wine table, please remember two principles. First, don't add wine to yourself without authorization. If you want to order more wine, you need to wait for others to pour it for you. Similarly, you need to ask your neighbors if they need more wine. Only when others ask for more wine for you can you accept it and add more wine for yourself. The second is never to fill the glass, and the amount of wine poured is generally not more than half the capacity of the glass.
How to eat salad
Salad is usually served before the main course, but the French usually serve it after the main course and before the cheese. Be careful not to chop up the leaves when eating lettuce and other green leafy vegetables. Instead, use a knife and fork to fold the leaves into small squares, and then fork them up and send them to your mouth.
How to eat cheese
Usually at the end, the host will provide a plate of cheese. Cheese is usually eaten with bread, not biscuits. Cheese cutting is very particular. Cuboid cheese should be cut from the short side, cube cheese can be cut into two cuboids or solid triangles first, and solid triangle cheese should be cut from the long side. Round cheese is usually cut into wedges.
Tips: If you really don't know how to cut the cheese, you can carefully observe how the host or other guests cut it.
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