Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province
[ Editor's paragraph ]
Zhangdian District is located in the middle of Shandong Province, with a long history, which belongs to the spreading area of Longshan culture and Dawenkou culture. During the Warring States Period, Yan fenced Le Yi here and established a "Chang State". At the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, it was also famous as "Huang Sang Store" overseas, and there was a saying that "merchants gathered and made great progress every day". The name "Zhangdian" has a history of more than 8 years, and it is an immortal town that experienced Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Zhangdian is the central city of Zibo, the center of politics, economy, culture, finance, science and technology, and information circulation, and an important commodity distribution center in central Shandong. Zhangdian has been listed by the state as Shandong Peninsula Open Area, Huanghuaihai Agricultural Development Zone, Bohai Bay Economic Development Zone, etc., and more than 7 central, provincial and municipal enterprises such as Qilu Petrochemical, Shandong Aluminum Factory and Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Factory are located here. It has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 8 urban sub-district offices, 14 administrative villages and 57 neighborhood committees, with a total area of 349 square kilometers and a total population of 712,3.
Zhangdian is an important transportation hub in Shandong province. Jiaoji Railway runs through the east and west, and 25 and 39 national highways, Jiqing Expressway and Binlai Expressway all meet here. Jinan International Airport, Qingdao International Airport and Qingdao Port are close to each other, and air and sea transportation is also very convenient.
in recent years, the four strategies of urban agriculture, science and technology industry, emerging tertiary industry and landmark urban areas have been vigorously implemented in this area, and new achievements have been made in politics, economy and various social undertakings in this area. The construction of a modern central urban area has been comprehensively promoted, and the mission objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan have been successfully achieved.
Shouguang city is located in the middle of Shandong Peninsula, south of Laizhou Bay in Bohai Sea. It spans 118 32 ′ ~ 119 1 ′ E and 36 41 ′ ~ 37 19 ′ N.. It is adjacent to Hanting District of Weifang City in the east, Guangrao County in the west, Qingzhou City and Changle County in the south and Bohai Sea in the north. It is 6 kilometers in length and 48 kilometers in width, with 56 kilometers of coastline and 1.41 million mu of cultivated land, with a total area of 2,18 square kilometers, accounting for 1.43% of the total area of the province.
the urban area is located in the southwest of the country, at 36 52' north latitude and 118 44' east longitude. There are highways and railways connecting all parts of the country, with convenient transportation. Linear distance: 4km from Beijing, 165km from Jinan, 37.5km from Weifang, 31km from Qingzhou, 35.5km from Guangrao and 2.5km from Changle. It is 24.4 kilometers east of Hanting District, 9.2 kilometers west of Qingzhou City, 16.8 kilometers south of Changle and Qingzhou City, 42.48 kilometers north of Guangrao County, 4 kilometers northeast of Hanting District, 2.8 kilometers northwest of Guangrao County, 12.4 kilometers southwest of Qingzhou City and 16 kilometers southeast of Changle County.
Administrative Districts
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Shouguang City has five streets, nine towns and 975 administrative villages (neighborhood committees) with a population of 1.8 million: Shengcheng Street, Wenjia Street, Gucheng Street, Luocheng Street, Sunjiaji Street, Hualong Town, Yingli Town, Taitou Town, Tian Jin Ryu, Shangkou Town, Houzhen Town, etc.
Historical evolution
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Shouguang was named after the story of Mr. Lu Qiu begging for his life in Qi Xuanwang.
in 148 BC (the second year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty), it was located in Shouguang County, which was under the jurisdiction of Beihai County of Qingzhou Secretariat. Since then, the history books have seen the name of Shouguang County.
Shouguang was developed very early and has a long history. More than 15 ancient cultural relics such as Beixin, Dawenkou and Longshan have been discovered in the territory. Cang Xie, the originator of historical Chinese characters, created hieroglyphics here. The world's first agronomy monograph, Qi Min Yao Shu, is written in chapters here.
Xia dynasty belongs to the irrigation country. In Shang Dynasty, Shouguang was the fief of Pei Boling. The Western Zhou Dynasty belongs to the country of Ji. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to Qi State. The Qin Dynasty abolished feudalism and set up counties, while Shouguang was a drama county and a profit county, belonging to Qi county. In the Western Han Dynasty, in 148 BC (the second year of Emperor Jingdi's reign), it was located in Shouguang County, which was under the jurisdiction of Beihai County of Qingzhou Secretariat. Since then, the history books have seen the name of Shouguang County.
When Shouguang was first established in the Western Han Dynasty, the county was ruled in Moucheng Village, Luocheng Town, northeast of the county seat (Wang Mang was renamed "Yiping Pavilion"). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shouguang County belonged to Qingzhou Le 'anguo. During the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, Shouguang County was subordinate to Lean County of Qingzhou. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Shouguang County was subordinate to Qingzhou Le 'anguo. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was no Shouguang County, but there were Drama County under Beihai County of Qingzhou, Yidu County under Qi County of Qingzhou, Bochang County under Le 'an County of Qingzhou, Nanpi County and Lecheng County under Hejian County of Jizhou, which were established by overseas Chinese in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, in 586 A.D. (the sixth year of Emperor Wendi's reign), Shouguang County was restored in the old city of Song Bochang in the Southern Dynasties, belonging to Beihai County of Qingzhou. In 596 AD (the 16th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty), Lu Qiu County was located in the south of Shouguang County. In the early years of the great cause, Qiu County was withdrawn and merged into Shouguang. Since then, the territory of Shouguang County has basically tended to be fixed. In Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Shouguang County was ruled in this county. In Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Beihai County of Qingzhou, Henan Province; in Song Dynasty, it belonged to Beihai County of Qingzhou, JD.COM Road; in Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Yidu House of Shandong East Road; in Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Yidu Road of Shandong East-West Road; in Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Qingzhou House of Shandong Chief Secretary; in Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Qingzhou House of Shandong Province.
in the early Republic of China, Shouguang county was first located in Jiaodong Road, Shandong Province. In 14 years of the Republic of China, it was changed to Ziqing Road in Shandong Province, and after 17 years of the Republic of China, it was directly under the Shandong Provincial Government. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Shouguang County had two county-level regimes. One is the anti-Japanese democratic regime under the leadership of the * * * production party, which belongs to the Qingdong Commissioner's Office in Qinghe District, Shandong Province, and the county seat is in the area of Taitou Town today. One is the county government of Zhang Jingyue's department of Kuomintang, which belongs to the 14th Office of the Administrative Inspector of Shandong Province of Kuomintang, and the county government is located in Shangjiazhuang, Beiluo Town. In addition, the Japanese invaders also helped Wang Puppet to establish puppet county regime, which was stationed in Shouguang County and was subordinate to Qingzhou Daoyin Office of Japanese Puppet Shandong Provincial Office. During this period, Shouguang has also drawn four counties: Yi, Shou, Lin and Guang, Shou Wei and Chang Wei. During the War of Liberation and the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shouguang County was divided into Shouguang County, Shounan County and a part of Yishou County.
In August 1953, Shounan County was merged with Shouguang County. County-level organs have moved to the county seat, which belongs to Changwei District of Shandong Province. In 1967, Changwei District was changed to Changwei District, in July 1981, it was renamed Weifang District, and in October 1983, it was renamed Weifang City, and Shouguang County was subordinate to it. In 1993, Shouguang County withdrew from the county and set up a city.
In p>26, Shouguang City governed 6 streets and 11 towns: Shengcheng Street, Wenjia Street, Gucheng Street, Luocheng Street, Sunjiaji Street, Dajiawa Street, Hualong Town, Yingli Town, Taitou Town, Tian Jin Ryu, Shangkou Town, Houzhen Town, Jitai Town, Paddy Town, Tianma Town, Liuliu Town and Yangkou Town. Among them, Dajiawa Street is managed by Weifang Binhai Economic Development Zone.
On August 3, 27, the Shandong Provincial People's Government gave an official reply on agreeing to the adjustment of administrative divisions in Shouguang City: it agreed to cancel Tianma Town, merge the administrative area of the former Tianma Town into Paddy Town, and keep the town government's residence unchanged; Revocation of Liulu Town, the original administrative area of Liulu Town was placed under the jurisdiction of the Los Angeles Sub-district Office, and the resident of the office remained unchanged. At the same time, Dajiawa Street will be placed under the jurisdiction of Hanting District. After the merger and adjustment, the average area of the town (street) has expanded from 124 square kilometers before the adjustment to 145 square kilometers, and the average population has increased from 64, to 72,. Among them, Paddy Town has a total area of 136 square kilometers, 113 administrative villages and a population of 93,; Luocheng Street has a total area of 118 square kilometers, 118 villages and a population of 97,.
Note: "Shouguang" (June 355-May 357) is the year of the birth of King Li of Qin before the Qin regime in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period, with a total of 3 years. In June of Shouguang three years, Fu Jian acceded to the throne, and changed to the first year of Yongxing.
Shouguang is the dead light of animals
Geology and geomorphology
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Geology: Except for Quaternary strata, it is mainly Neogene strata in the territory, followed by Paleozoic Cambrian strata distributed in Shouguang uplift area, and Neogene strata are distributed in the southeast of the county. Its main lithology: the top of Quaternary (Q) is loess layer, yellowish brown and grayish white gravelly loam layer; The lower part is gravel layer. The thick layer varies from 5 to 3 meters. The Upper Tertiary (N) is purple-gray, black-green basalt, brown clayey rock, clay and sandstone, with red conglomerate at the bottom, with a thickness of more than 2m. The upper part of Cambrian (E) is gray-green fine sandstone, the lower part is brick-red claystone and sandstone, and the bottom is red conglomerate with a thickness of more than 2m. Cambrian (∈) is gray limestone mixed with yellow-green argillaceous banded limestone and bamboo-leaf limestone. The thickness is not detailed.
in tectonic position, Shouguang city is located in the northeast of Luxi uplift, the eastern end of Jiyang depression and the west side of the northern segment of Yimu fault zone. Specifically, it is located in Jiyang depression basin. Shouguang process is developed in the territory.
Before Mesozoic, the county was integrated with Luxi uplift, and the tectonic movement was synchronous with Luxi uplift. Since the Mesozoic Yanshan movement, it has been out of touch with the differentiation of Luxi uplift and developed into block movement. Jiyang depression and Weixi depression are both products of Yanshan movement, which are characterized by fault structure and magmatic activity. There are mainly three groups of fault structures in China, which are east-west, northeast and northwest, forming a grid. Weixi sag is divided into many small fault blocks. The largest fault zone is Mihe buried fault which spreads in the northeast direction, and the fold structures on both sides of the fault are roughly in the east-west direction. On the west side, there is a protrusion of Xizhaike and a depression of Niutou Town. On the east side, there are Xichahe protrusion, Shangkou southeast depression, South Korea protrusion and Xidian depression. Weixi sag is distributed in the east-west direction. With the structural changes, Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphic deposits are widely accepted in the area, with a thickness of more than 7 meters.
Shouguang minerals mainly include liquid deposits such as oil and brine and river sand. Geophysical exploration found that Shouguang has a magnetic anomaly zone, with an anomaly area of 7 ~ 8 square kilometers, including 1 gallons. The anomaly center is located 1.5 kilometers northwest of the county seat. The upper limit of burial depth is 8 meters, and the lower limit is 19 meters, generally around 1 meters. According to geophysical knowledge, there are three magnetic bodies that cause magnetic anomalies, namely tertiary basalt, basic or ultrabasic intrusive rocks, contact metasomatic iron ore and Anshan-type sedimentary metamorphic iron ore. At present, it is still inconclusive as to which substance is caused.
landform: Shouguang land is a plain area that gradually decreases from south to north. The highest elevation is at the top of the southeast corner of Sanyuanzhu Village in Sunjiaji Town, with an elevation of 49.5 meters. The lowest point is near the Laohekou in Dajiawa Town, with an elevation of 1m. The relative height difference between north and south is 48.5 meters, the horizontal distance is 7 kilometers, and the average slope drop is one ten thousandth. Rivers and surface runoff flow from southwest to northeast, forming a micro-geomorphological difference between Daping and Xiaoping.
the topography of the whole city is divided into three parts and seven micro-geomorphic units. Shounan slow hillock area starts from Li Jiazhuang in Sunjiaji Town in the west, passes near Zhangjiamiaozi in Dongbu Township to the south of Guancun in Wangwang Township, and is the tail of diluvial fan in the north of Taiyishan District. The parent materials of soil formation are mostly alluvium with good soil quality. The whole region has high terrain, large ground fluctuation and strong surface runoff, and the groundwater depth is more than 5 meters. Soil types are mostly cinnamon soil and moist cinnamon soil. The central micro-inclined plain area is flat and the slope drop is very small. There are micro-geomorphic units such as floodplain highlands, gentle slopes and inter-river depressions. Due to the influence of rivers, each geomorphic unit is distributed in a north-south interval strip. The soil parent material is river alluvium. The floodplain highlands are mainly distributed in the east of Danhe River, starting from Tianmabei in the south and reaching the southern end of Wutai Township in the north. Along the Mihe River, it starts from Huying, north of Jitai Township in the south, and reaches Daokou, south of Nanhe Township and north of Shouguang City in the north. The terrain is relatively high, with an altitude of more than 9 meters, deep diving and good hydrothermal conditions, mainly developing cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil and fluvo-aquic soil. Interriver depressions and floodplain highlands are distributed in parallel at intervals. The gentle sloping land is mainly distributed in the majority of Madian Township in the south-central part of Fengcheng and Nanchai Township. The terrain is low, the diving is shallow, and wet fluvo-aquic soil is mostly developed. Shajiang black soil is developed in some low-lying areas. Coastal shallow depressions mainly include all or most of Houzhen, Dajiawa Town, Daokou, Yangzhuang and Sleeper Township, and the northern part of Nanhe Township and Taitou. The terrain is low, with an altitude of 4 ~ 7 meters. The soil-forming parent material is marine sediments and river alluvium alternately. The buried depth of groundwater is 1 ~ 3 meters, and the salinity is high. The soil is coastal saline soil and coastal tidal saline soil.
natural environment
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climate: Shouguang is located in the mid-latitude zone, bordering Bohai Sea in the north, and has a continental climate in the warm temperate monsoon region. Affected by the alternation of cold and warm air currents, it has formed the climate characteristics of "drought and little rain in spring, hot and rainy in summer, cool and dry in autumn, and dry and cold and little snow in winter".
temperature: the annual average temperature is 12.7℃, the highest is 14.2℃ (in 1998), and the lowest is 11.4℃ (in 1969). The monthly average temperature is the highest in July, which is 26.5℃. The lowest in January is -3.1℃. The monthly average temperature in annual range is 29.6℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 41.℃, which appeared on June 11th, 1968. The extreme minimum temperature of -22.3℃ appeared on January 27th, 1972. The temperature rises rapidly in spring, with an average temperature of 12.9℃, and the monthly average temperature rises fastest in March and April, and rises by 7.7℃ in April. The weather is hot in summer, with an average temperature of 22.℃. The time when daily maximum temperature stays above 35℃ is 9.8 days per year. The temperature gradually decreases in autumn, with an average temperature of 13.8℃. The temperature drop is the largest in November, which is 7.9℃ lower than that in October, and there is a cold wave. Winter is getting warmer and warmer. The average temperature is -1.3℃, which is .5℃ higher, and the daily temperature is below -1.℃ for an average of 14.6 days per year.
precipitation: the average precipitation over the years is 593.8 mm. The maximum is 1286.7mm (1964) and the minimum is 299.5mm (1981). Seasonal precipitation is highly concentrated in summer (June, July and August). The average number of precipitation days in the whole year is 73.7 days (≥ .3mm is one precipitation day), and July is the most, with an average of 13.6 days; January is the least, averaging 2.4 days.
sunshine: the annual average sunshine duration is 2548.8 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 57%. The maximum is 2827.4 hours (1968) and the minimum is 2276. hours (1964). In a year, the maximum sunshine hours in May is 27.6 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 62%. December is at least 173. hours, and the sunshine percentage is 58%. The sunshine hours above ℃ are 25.1 hours, accounting for 8% of the total sunshine hours in the whole year. The sunshine hours during the period above 1℃ are 1548.4 hours, accounting for 61% of the total sunshine hours.
solar radiation: Shouguang is located in the middle latitude, with abundant solar radiation energy. Over the years, the average total solar radiation was 124.3 kcal/cm2, with the highest in May and June at 15.1 kcal/cm2 and the lowest in December at 5.7 kcal/cm2.
accumulated temperature: the annual average accumulated temperature of ℃ is 4799.9℃, and the 8% guaranteed accumulated temperature is 4564.7℃. The annual average accumulated temperature of 1℃ is 433.8℃, and the 8% guaranteed accumulated temperature is 4167.7℃. The annual average accumulated temperature of 15℃ is 3685.4℃, and the 8% guaranteed accumulated temperature is 3487.6℃. The annual average accumulated temperature of 2℃ is 2665.9℃, and the 8% guaranteed accumulated temperature is 2444.1℃.
evaporation: the average annual evaporation is 1834.mm, and the maximum annual evaporation is 2.