WHO recommends five points for food safety in summer:
■ Keep it clean ■ Separate raw food from cooked food
■ Cook it thoroughly ■ Keep it at a safe temperature
■ Use safe water and raw materials
After the Dragon Boat Festival, the weather becomes increasingly humid and hot, which is suitable for all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms to breed, and food is prone to spoilage; Improper processing or storage of cooked food products, cold dishes and cold foods can easily lead to food poisoning. How to ensure food safety in summer and prevent the occurrence of food-borne diseases? The World Health Organization recommended "Five Points of Food Safety". Keep clean, separate raw food from cooked food, thoroughly cook food, keep food at a safe temperature and use safe water and raw materials. Hu Ruomei, director of the Nutrition Department of Tianjin Hospital, said that sporadic or collective food poisoning incidents occur every summer. Generally speaking, cold meat, cold dishes, leftover rice, meat products and seafood are the main foods that can easily lead to food poisoning. Therefore, the diet in summer should not only be reasonable, but also pay attention to food hygiene, especially this summer is very special. In the case that the epidemic prevention and control is not relaxed, it is necessary to tighten the food safety valve in order to spend the summer safely.
timely and scientifically replenish water for cold drinks
The temperature of drinks should be slightly higher than the body temperature
"The human body sweats a lot in hot summer weather, and the blood concentration increases and becomes sticky. People are easy to get excited and nervous when the temperature is high, which also seriously affects the quality and time of sleep, leading to excessive fatigue. Coupled with the impact of the epidemic this year, many people are in a state of emergency for a long time. All these factors make blood pressure easy to rise. If water is not replenished in time, it can directly induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies, and even malignant arrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation, resulting in sudden death. " Hu Ruomei said.
Water is a good solvent, and many nutrients that human body ingests every day are more easily absorbed by gastrointestinal tract after being dissolved in water. Proper drinking water can also promote metabolism and reduce the absorption of toxins. Proper intake of water is helpful to maintain normal body temperature and ensure normal physiological activities. She suggested that citizens should drink more than 15ml of scientific water every day, which can be increased or decreased moderately according to the amount of sweating. You can choose boiled water, mung bean soup, tea, flower and fruit tea such as chrysanthemum tea, dark plum drink, lotus leaf tea, lemonade, etc. If you sweat more, you will lose salt, potassium and B vitamins. Drink some salted boiled water or drinks containing minerals and vitamins to supplement the lost salt in your body. In addition, scientific drinking water should also pay attention not to wait until you are thirsty. Thirst is a signal from the brain center, which indicates that human cells have been slightly dehydrated. Don't drink water quickly and in large quantities, especially after exercise, drink it frequently and in small sips. Do not drink plenty of water before and after meals, so as not to dilute gastric juice and affect digestive function. Drinking plenty of water after meals will increase the burden on the stomach, heart and kidneys. Drink some milk, soybean milk, porridge and mung bean soup before going to bed and in the morning, which can not only supplement the water consumed at night, but also increase the nutrition appropriately.
Hu Ruomei said that cold drinks are very popular in hot weather, but excessive stimulation will cause rapid contraction of submucosal blood vessels in the digestive tract, which will reduce absorption capacity and gastrointestinal function, which is not conducive to supplementing water and nutrients, and will also reduce gastrointestinal resistance and easily lead to diarrhea and gastroenteritis. At the same time, because the blood supply to the digestive system is reduced and the heat dissipation is not smooth, it makes people feel hotter and more irritable. In particular, eating cold drinks in a state of sweating and high fever, sudden heat and sudden cooling, can easily stimulate the throat and stomach, causing sore throat and stomach discomfort. Patients with cardiovascular disease, after eating a lot of cold drinks, may reflexively cause coronary artery spasm and contraction and induce angina pectoris. Cold drinks stimulate oral and esophageal mucosa, and can also reflexively cause vasospasm in the head, causing headache and nausea.
She suggested that people should drink drinks slightly above body temperature to relieve summer heat, so as to increase gastrointestinal blood flow, improve the absorption of water and nutrients and enhance their resistance. For the favorite barbecue with cold beer in summer, Hu Ruomei does not recommend drinking cold beer often. Because the temperature of chilled beer is 2℃ to 3℃ lower than human body temperature, drinking it in large quantities will make the temperature of gastrointestinal tract drop sharply, reduce blood flow, cause physiological dysfunction, and seriously cause life-threatening diseases such as spastic abdominal pain and diarrhea and acute pancreatitis.
Family kitchen is the most important place for food safety
Four suggestions for safe eating
"Family kitchen is an important position for food safety in summer. During the epidemic, people go out to eat less, and making food at home can make the disease from the mouth in four aspects. " Hu Ruomei said.
pay attention to hand hygiene. "Wash your hands before and after meals" is a common sense that has been known since childhood. In addition, wash your hands before and during cooking, especially during the cross-processing of raw and cooked food or after answering the phone. In addition, the National Health and Family Planning Commission recently advised citizens to pay attention to using clean water when cleaning processed food, cooking utensils and tableware, and washing their hands. After handling raw meat, poultry and aquatic products, wash your hands with soap and running water for at least 2 seconds.
keep raw and cooked separately. Pay attention to keep the kitchen clean, such as tableware, chopsticks cages, knives and chopping boards, especially rags, which should be cleaned and disinfected frequently, so as not to become a source of pollution in the kitchen. Raw food is raw food to be processed, such as raw meat and raw seafood. "Cooked" is food that is directly eaten. Separate storage of raw food and cooked food is to prevent pathogenic bacteria carried on raw food from polluting the food directly in the mouth and causing food-borne diseases. Special attention should be paid to the separation of utensils for processing raw and cooked food, such as knives and chopping boards. The National Health Planning Commission recently advised the public not to wash raw meat products directly under the tap to prevent splashing pollution. Avoid rubbing your eyes and nose directly with your hands after touching fresh ingredients during the purchase and production process.
the food is cooked thoroughly. When eating aquatic products such as snails, shells and crabs, it is unsafe to eat them raw, half-eaten, soaked in wine, soaked in vinegar or salted directly, especially for people with low immunity such as pregnant women, children and the elderly.
a refrigerator is not a safe. Most microorganisms like room temperature, and it is difficult to survive above 7℃ or below 4℃. In summer, cooked food should not be stored at room temperature for more than 2 hours, so that the food can be cooled and stored in the refrigerator. But the refrigerator is not a safe, and some psychrophilic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica can grow, so the food taken out of the refrigerator should be thoroughly heated or cleaned before eating.
Reduce eating out and ordering food online
Try to eat separately at home
"Besides the epidemic factors, we should also try to reduce the number of eating out in summer." Hu Ruomei said. When dining out, you should choose a catering service unit with high food safety level, clean environment and high credibility, and try to avoid patronizing unlicensed mobile stalls. Order in moderation. Leftover food is easy to spoil in hot weather, so it is not suitable for packing. Do not eat or eat less raw seafood. Eat less novel ingredients, carefully choose cooked braised dishes and cold dishes, and stop eating immediately if you find abnormal color or taste. "Online ordering has become a daily way of life for many people. Food safety must be paid attention to when ordering food in summer. First, you should choose a take-away catering service unit with high credibility and close delivery distance. Before eating, you should pay attention to check whether the outer packaging is complete, whether the sensory properties of the food are abnormal, whether it is cooked thoroughly, and whether the tableware is clean. Second, we should try to avoid ordering high-risk foods such as cold food, raw food and decorated cakes. The third is to eat as soon as possible after the order is delivered. " Hu Ruomei said.
"In the way of eating, in order to minimize the chance of cross-infection, we now advocate separate meals. Family dining and dining out are recommended to be divided into meals, one for each person, independent dining and independent choice. " Hu Ruomei said. Eating out forms the habit of taking bowls and chopsticks to restaurants; When eating, the waiter can be reminded to provide male chopsticks and spoons to facilitate the holding of meals. The suggestion of sharing meals at home is to fix tableware. Each family member has his own bowl, chopsticks, spoon, water cup, etc., which can be distinguished by appearance or color; Divide the food in advance. Divide the prepared meals directly into the plates and bowls of family members, and everyone just sits around the table and eats together; Male chopsticks and spoons. If you can't share meals, you can equip each person with a spoon and chopsticks, or you can put a pair of chopsticks or a spoon next to each dish; Child feeding. It is strictly forbidden to taste children's food, help children chew food, feed children mouth to mouth, and use tableware with children. Develop the habit of children eating independently as soon as possible, because children's resistance is weak and they are more vulnerable to germs.