the fish tank is ok, it's quite good. The backlight of the house is not a big problem, and it is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that the fish tank cannot be exposed to direct sunlight for a long time. As for the rest, here are some professional suggestions, but don't be overwhelmed by the so-called whole set of theories. I have raised a lot of goldfish, so just keep them lazy. Please ask me

water skills

1 if you have any questions. First clean the transparent fish tank (other utensils are ok, but be careful to be transparent) < P > 2; Use soda water. If there is no soda water, you can use cold boiled water instead. But remember never to use tap water, because there is sterilized chlorine in tap water, and the little goldfish can't eat it.

3； Try to have as much water as possible to ensure good oxygen content and full freedom of fish. It is best to buy a small air pump dedicated to fish farming.

feeding skills

1; If you don't have the conditions to keep the water temperature in the fish tank, you should always give the goldfish enough sunshine in this cold winter.

2； Put some white rice stones and some aquatic plants in the fish tank, but remember that the aquatic plants must be appropriate.

3； In feeding, you can throw some fish worms or white-flour steamed bread, but you should feed less and more frequently every time.

In addition, it should be noted that small goldfish are particularly prone to white spot disease (a parasitic disease). If you find something like this on the fish or a wound when scales fall off, remember to buy a kind of "yellow powder" (mainly anti-inflammatory) at the flower and bird market, and then drop some methyl blue liquid medicine (mainly to remove parasites) when changing water for the fish. Under your careful care, the little goldfish will definitely bring you equal happiness.

Feeding method

First, prepare the fish container and dry the water in advance. If you want to spread sand and plant grass, you need to add the water slowly after everything is ready. It takes about one or two days to dry the water. Then put the plastic bag containing goldfish and "old water" into the aquarium, so that it hangs in the middle and upper layers of water. After about half an hour, it is estimated that the water temperature in the plastic bag is close to that in the aquarium. At the same time, add 1 tsp of salt to the water for sterilization. Wait for the fish to adapt to the aquarium for 1-2 days before feeding. If it is necessary to increase the stocking amount, the new fish should be kept in another container for 7-1 days, and then kept together with the fish in the original aquarium to avoid bringing in pathogens.

3. Feeding methods

Generally, there are two kinds of bait in goldfish feeding period: artificial bait and natural bait. Feeding must be strictly timed and quantitative to keep the water fresh. Generally speaking, the feeding frequency should be 1-2 times a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. In addition, the time, frequency and quantity of feeding should be determined according to the following principles:

(1) When the weather is sunny, the daily warm wind is mild, the dissolved oxygen in the water is sufficient, and the water temperature is suitable, more baits can be appropriately fed.

(2) When the water quality is thin and the fish has a strong appetite, you can throw more bait.

(3) If the fish is sick, or the species is delicate and precious, you should throw less coarse bait and throw some fine bait instead.

To distinguish the saturation digestion and absorption of goldfish hunger, we can distinguish it according to the color of fish manure. Green, brown or black fish manure indicates that the fish is suitable for feeding and well absorbed. If the fish manure is white, it means that the fish are full.

, indoor goldfish must first solve the lighting problem:

Because the beauty of goldfish is not only the shape, but also the color, and to ensure the bright color, it is necessary to ensure that the fish body receives strong light, otherwise, the color of the fish body will become increasingly dim. Moreover, it is easy to catch diseases, so the goldfish feeding place should have sufficient light sources, especially ultraviolet light sources.

If the temperature is suitable, the fish tank can be placed on the balcony or in front of the window during the day to ensure good quality and sufficient illumination. Therefore, it is a great guarantee to raise goldfish indoors by mastering the temperature suitable for goldfish growth and ensuring its sufficient illumination.

Second, master the time and method of feeding:

Make sure to eat it within 1-2 hours every day, not too much. Feeding time: It should be around 7: a.m. in spring and summer, when the sun begins to shine on the fish tank, around 8: in late autumn and winter, and at 9-1 o'clock in severe cold. Remember, you can't eat in large quantities in the evening. Even if goldfish are obviously foraging, they can only eat in small quantities around 3 pm. In addition, some kinds of fish, such as Bubbly Eye and Chaotian Dragon, have poor foraging activity, so take care of them as much as possible and feed some live fish and worms.

Third, pay attention to the fish's food intake:

You can eat more for fish with large activity and strong vitality. Conversely, less investment; It can be determined by trial casting, that is, to cast less at the first time. If the goldfish finishes eating in half an hour and is still foraging, it means that the feeding is too little, and it can be increased the next day until the goldfish finishes eating in 1-2 hours, and there is no foraging or "floating head" phenomenon, which means that the feeding is just right. If the goldfish can't finish eating in 3 hours and there is "floating head" phenomenon, it means that it is too much. Note that goldfish are hungry, and fresh food is good for their health.

water should be raised before fish farming

for fish farmers, there are four kinds of water: first, fresh water, that is, tap water that has just been aired or well water that has been newly drilled. Although this kind of water is very clean, it is quite different from the environment in which fish live in nature. Because there is no nitrifying bacteria community in the water, fish's excrement and scattered food residues are decomposed into ammonia after spoilage, and fish are easily poisoned. Second, the old water, which is light green or amber, is rich in humus and beneficial microorganisms and algae, and has established a good ecological circulation system. After nitrogen circulation, it is decomposed into nitrate that is harmless to fish. This kind of water is extremely beneficial to the growth of fish. The third is green water. There is too much organic matter in the water, so cyanobacteria, green algae and brown algae multiply in large numbers, and the content of bacteria and microorganisms increases sharply. The water is thick green, and sometimes it stinks, which can easily cause the whole tank of fish to die. The fourth is to return to clean water, which is also called biting clean water. It is because there are too many algae and microorganisms in green water, which consumes the oxygen in the aquarium, causing the death of algae and aerobic bacteria, and turning the water into stagnant water with no oxygen and a lot of anaerobic harmful bacteria.

From this, we can know that not all water is suitable for goldfish's life, and the most suitable water for goldfish's growth is old water. The so-called water cultivation is the process of changing new water into old water.

Most of the water we use to raise fish now is tap water, so the first step to raise water is to remove the toxic substance-chlorine from tap water. The method of chlorine removal is relatively simple. Let the water stand for 2-3 days after it is filled, or dry it for 1 day (if it is urgently needed, add .5% per 1 kg of water. 63 grams of baking soda, namely sodium thioate, can be used immediately).

After the fresh water is dried, it should be put into the tank and filtered, so that the pump can turn the still water into flowing water, and then put the fish into the tank. "Breaking into the tank" means putting several cheap, strong and easy-to-raise fish into a new tank. After a few days, the excrement of the fish will decompose into ammonia in the water, which is the same as that of tap water with ammonia. Too much ammonia will kill the fish, so the most important thing in raising water is to remove ammonia from the water. Usually we use nitrifying bacteria to remove ammonia from water. Nitrifying bacteria can be added to the water, but they need attachments to survive in the water. If there is no suitable attachment, adding more nitrifying bacteria will not work. They will die in the water, and nitrifying bacteria usually attach to filter cotton or bottom sand. In fact, the flowing water will naturally produce nitrifying bacteria in a few days, which is also the most commonly used method for cultivating nitrifying bacteria. The cultivation of nitrifying bacteria is the second step of water cultivation.

here is a brief introduction to the subtle chemical changes of nitrogen cycle and how nitrifying bacteria work.

After fish enter the tank, they will discharge ammonia and other wastes into the water, and the ammonia concentration in the water will increase, and nitrifying bacteria in the living water can decompose ammonia (note: it takes a week or more for nitrifying bacteria to form, so the fish will be seriously injured during this period). When nitrifying bacteria community forms, the ammonia concentration will decrease until it reaches zero.

However, it's not so simple, because nitrifying bacteria can only convert ammonia into nitrite, but it's also toxic to fish! Therefore, we should understand that the concentration of nitrite is increasing while the concentration of ammonia is decreasing. So don't think that you can sit back and relax after the ecology is established. If you want to reduce nitrite, you should change water regularly and quantitatively to lower its concentration, so as to maintain a relatively stable ecology and keep the water in the old water state.

We should also tell you that old water is what we are after, and green water has many benefits for goldfish. For example, green water can make goldfish darker, but there are too many algae in this water to see fish, which is not suitable for viewing. Moreover, when there are too many algae, the fish will lack oxygen, so we should pay attention to controlling the algae content in the water when raising goldfish with green water.

Choose goldfish

Choose fish with strong body and bright colors

Choose any kind of goldfish, and choose the one with broad and strong body, complete chest, abdomen and tail fins, and wide tail. For fish without dorsal fin, the back should be smooth, without incomplete dorsal fin or nodule. The color of fish should be red and delicate, white and pure white, blue and blue, black and dark, flowers with harmonious colors and meticulous patterns. Only those with blue can be called five flowers. Some fish are half red and half black, or those with red bodies and black edges of fins are beautiful at the moment, but in fact they will soon become all red, so it is necessary to have foresight.

In fish selection, the outstanding fish with unique features, shapes or colors should be selected and observed.

Choose healthy and disease-free fish

Generally speaking, those who swim in the pool (basin) are active, gregarious and plump, with their chest and ventral fins open and often paddling, without white spots and white fluff-like mucus on their bodies, and their tails and scales are bloodshot, festering, rarely floating on the water, lying on their sides, standing upside down and sinking to the bottom, and their stools are black and dark.

1 filtration system: because the density of domestic fish farming is generally high, it is difficult to remove impurities and wastes from water only by the decomposition of water itself. Establishing a good filtration system can effectively maintain water quality. A good filtration system can integrate chemical, biological and physical filtration methods. Chemical filtration relies on special drugs to coagulate tiny suspended impurities in water, so that they can be precipitated or physically filtered out. Biofiltration is the decomposition of waste in water by beneficial biological flora, and the decomposition of harmful substances into harmless ones. Physical filtration is to adsorb and filter out impurity particles through the tiny pores of the filter material. According to the characteristics of goldfish and family fish farming conditions, the following methods can be used to establish a filtration system. According to the size of the aquarium, an external filter is configured, which can be overhead or a filter bucket. The flow of water can be found in the description of the pump. Generally speaking, it is advisable to circulate the water around 7 times per hour. For example, the volume of an aquarium with a length of 8, a width of 4 and a height of 4 is 128 liters, and the flow rate of the filter pump is 9 liters/hour. For larger aquariums, in order to prevent the water flow from being too strong, it is suggested to install a built-in filter at the inlet and an elbow at the outlet to reduce the impact of water flow on goldfish. Put biochemical sponge and activated carbon in the filter box (barrel) and replace it according to the pollution degree of water body. However, too frequent replacement is not suitable for the establishment of beneficial biological flora, and it can generally be replaced once in January.

2 biodegradation: in the natural environment, a large number of beneficial bacteria are attached to the places where rivers flow, and they can decompose metabolites and foreign pollutants produced by aquatic organisms. To keep the water clean and harmless. Establishing beneficial flora in the aquarium can keep the water quality for a long time without changing the water frequently. Adding nitrifying bacteria to the aquarium is a shortcut to establish a biological decomposition system. Nitrifying bacteria sold in the market are mainly divided into two categories, active nitrifying bacteria and artificial nitrifying bacteria. Active nitrifying bacteria take living flora as the main substance. Artificial nitrifying bacteria are substances that promote the growth of nitrifying bacteria in water. Active nitrifying bacteria have a short onset time, usually within 2-5 days according to the water temperature, and the effect is most obvious when the water temperature is 25-3 degrees. But the storage time is short, usually no more than 12 months. Artificial nitrifying bacteria have a long storage time, usually about 2 years, because they do not contain active strains. But it takes a long time to take effect. Before the establishment of biological system, water quality clarifier can be used in combination.

3 fish culture density: no matter how big the aquarium is, the number of goldfish cultured is limited, and goldfish are lively and active, and can eat and pull. The water quality of small tropical fish is difficult to maintain. Reasonable breeding density is very important for beginners. Usually, each goldfish takes up 1 liters of water. That is, the aquarium with a length of 8, a width of 4 and a height of 4 has a volume of 128 liters, which can support 12 first-year-old fish. No matter how high the density is, it is difficult to maintain the water quality for a long time. In addition, different goldfish varieties have different requirements for breeding density, and the breeding density of precious varieties such as pearls, butterfly tails and blisters is smaller.

4 feed selection: the feed for goldfish also has a great relationship with maintaining water quality. Goldfish are omnivores. Food covers a wide range. It mainly includes: Daphnia, Nematodes, Hemoglobin, Granular Feed, Powdered Feed, Slice Feed and so on. Live Daphnia is the best choice. Not only in feeding, Daphnia can suck organic suspended solids in water. And the metabolites produced by goldfish are not easy to disperse. Nematodes, red blood worms and powdered feed may be attached to sand beds or suspended in water, which is not conducive to the cleaning of water quality. High-quality synthetic feed will contain yeast, which can quickly decompose the metabolites of goldfish and help maintain water quality. The inferior synthetic feed not only has no nutrition, but also contains artificial pigments, which will discolor the water. In addition, it is best not to use edible fish feed, such as crucian carp feed for goldfish, which will also pollute the water quality. During feeding, the filter system should be closed to avoid being sucked into the filter box, which will not only cause waste, but also mold and produce toxic substances in the filter box.

5 fish culture environment: lighting, scenery, etc. are also related to maintaining the water quality in the aquarium. Excessive light will cause a large number of algae in the water. Proper curtain covering and regular cleaning will be effective. Proper placement of sand bed at the bottom of aquarium will also be beneficial to water cleaning. It can not only adsorb impurities, but also provide a hotbed for nitrifying bacteria. Generally, the thickness is about 4 cm and the particles are about 4 mm. The sand bed is too thin to adsorb. Too thick sand bed will make the bottom sand bed lack oxygen and cause organism corruption. Too large particles will make the feed sink into the gap, which is not conducive to goldfish eating; Too small is not conducive to water flow and oxygen transmission between particles, and is not conducive to the growth of nitrifying bacteria.

1 choose the opportunity. Goldfish is different from tropical fish. It is generally cultivated outdoors in fish farms. After thousands of years of breeding, it has established its own biological clock. According to different regions, it lays eggs from February to June every spring. Generally, September-November is the best time for goldfish to go on the market in that year. The goldfish in this period has been 3-6 months old, and some species characteristics have been highlighted, and the fading has been completed, which has preliminary ornamental characteristics. In July-August, you can see 2-4-year-old fish and goldfish in the next year in the market, among which there are also many fine products. However, due to the high temperature, it is not conducive to the long-distance transportation of goldfish, so the supply is less.

2 select varieties. According to different personal preferences, you can choose from dozens of existing varieties at will. But it's best to know the differences of various varieties before choosing, which is beneficial to raising goldfish. For example, because of the great variation, short intestine and clumsy swimming, the rubber ball pearl has much stricter requirements on the environment, and needs to be raised in clear water and shallow water, with excellent feed requirements and convenient entrance. Bubble goldfish is not suitable for mixed culture with other goldfish, and it is kept in a bare tank without any ornaments, so as not to cause bubble damage. For beginners to raise goldfish, you can start with goldfish that is easy to raise and cheap.