1, Nanyin

Nanyin, also called "Xianguan" and "Quanzhou Nanyin", is the oldest existing ancient music in China. During the Han, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, immigrants from the Central Plains brought music culture into southern Fujian with Quanzhou as the center, and merged with local folk music, forming a cultural expression with the charm of ancient music in the Central Plains-Nanyin. ?

Known as "the living fossil in the music history of China", it originated in Quanzhou, Fujian Province and was sung in Minnan dialect of Quanzhou, which is the oldest existing traditional ancient music in China. Nanyin's singing method retains the traditional and ancient national singing method before the Tang Dynasty, and the second creation of singers and performers is very casual.

"Nanle" refers to "stringed pipe", which was called "stringed pipe" in ancient times. "Music of Langjun" and "Singing of Langjun" refer to Nanfeng musicians who regard Lang Jun of Mengfu as the god of music. There are also called "Golden Melody" and "Five Tones".

Nanyin originated in the pre-Qin Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty and was formed in the Song Dynasty. It is one of the most primitive types of music in China. Nanguan's performance maintained its own characteristics in the Tang and Song Dynasties. For example, the pipa, the dominant musical instrument in Nanguan, did not evolve with the development of the times. In the Tang Dynasty, it still retained its abdomen and short neck, and it was still played with a horizontal arm.

Its music is mainly composed of three categories: "finger", "score" and "music". It is a rich and complete music category in ancient China, and a masterpiece of human oral and intangible heritage.

On May 20th, 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

2. Quanzhou North Tube

Beiguan, also known as Beiqu, Xiaoqu, Xiaodi and Quzai, is a kind of traditional folk music circulating in Quangang District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. China's Beiguan is now only distributed in Quanzhou, so it is collectively called "Quanzhou Beiguan".

It is also called "sister flower" with Nanyin, a living fossil of ancient music, and is known as "the voice of the son of heaven". It belongs to the same kind of music as Beiguan in central Taiwan Province Province, Ryukyu music in Japan and Beiguan in Southeast Asia.

In 2006, it was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage by the State Council. In 20 14, Quangang District won the title of "China Beiguan Music and Culture Hometown".

3. Quanzhou Breast Enhancement Dance

Breast-beating dance, also known as breast-beating, playing the seventh ring, playing flowers, called flower dance and so on. It is a traditional dance that originated in Quanzhou, Fujian, and is widely spread in Quanzhou, the southern coastal areas of Fujian and counties and districts in Zhangzhou and Xiamen, Taiwan Province Province.

Especially in the whole state, from all kinds of major cultural activities organized by the government, large-scale literary and artistic street activities, to small gatherings and celebrations of various departments and units, to folk games in rural areas of Li Xiang, and even weddings, funerals and celebrations in ordinary people's homes, it can be seen everywhere.

"Breastbeating Dance" has become the most common, typical and representative traditional folk dance in Quanzhou and southern Fujian.

Quanzhou breast-beating dance is one of the most representative traditional folk dances in Fujian, and it is the remains of ancient Fujian-Vietnam dance. In 2006, it was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list.

4. Liyuan Opera

Liyuan Opera is one of the traditional operas in Fujian Province. Liyuan Opera originated in Quanzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and together with the Southern Opera in Zhejiang, it is called "the voice of Fujian and Zhejiang" and "the living fossil of ancient Southern Opera".

Liyuan Opera is widely spread in Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Chaozhou, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asian countries.

Liyuan Opera is an ancient opera, and many southern operas and music have been preserved to this day. In the forty-five years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1566), the story of Li Jing was published, which shows the popularity of Liyuan opera at that time.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Gaojia opera rose rapidly in Quanzhou, and Taiwanese opera was also widely spread in Zhangzhou and Xiamen, and Dacheng opera appeared with a new look. As a result, Liyuan Opera has been severely challenged, with the number and scope of class clubs decreasing. Even the Liyuan Opera in Xiamen has been changed to singing Taiwanese opera. 1In the late 1940s, Liyuan Opera was on the verge of extinction.

There are two kinds of Liyuan Opera: drama and drama, and drama is divided into On the Road and Going South. These three schools have their own "Eighteen Tents" (reserved songs) and specialized vocals.

The provinces in Song Dynasty were called Lu, and the provinces in Minnan and Zhangzhou were called Lu. So "On the Road" drama refers to the drama introduced from Zhejiang.

His plays are relatively old, and he has kept many scripts of Southern Opera, such as Cai Boyi, Wang Kui, Wang, Liu, Zhu Wen (Zhu Wen is peaceful), as well as some scripts such as Embroidery, Serious Face and Zhu Wen.

On May 20th, 2006, Liyuan Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

5. Gaojia Opera

Gaojia Opera is a local traditional opera in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and it is one of the national intangible cultural heritages.

Gaojia Opera, also known as "Ge Jia Opera", "Jiujiao Opera", "Dapan Opera" and "Tuban Opera", originated in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and originated from a costume parade in the rural areas of southern Fujian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties to dress up as Liangshan heroes and perform martial arts skills.

There are more than 900 kinds of traditional operas in Gaojia Opera, and the performances are divided into three categories: atmospheric drama (court drama, martial arts drama), embroidered room drama and ugly Dan drama.

The role of Gaojia Opera was originally only raw, Dan and ugly, but later it was added with two colors: clean, paste, outside, end, north (clean) and miscellaneous. The performing arts of Gaojia Opera come from Liyuan Opera, Puppet Opera, Yiyang Opera, Huizhou Opera and Beijing Opera.

The musical aria of Gaojia Opera is mainly Nanqu, with "puppet tune" and folk tune. There are two kinds of musical instruments used in Gaojia Opera: Chinese and English.

On May 20th, 2006, Gaojia Opera was approved by the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Baidu Encyclopedia-The First List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage