Bamboo, scientific name Bambusoideae (Bambusaceae), is a perennial lignified plant of the family Gramineae. Bamboo branches are tall and straight, slender, graceful and graceful. They are green all the year round and stand proud of frost and rain. They are very popular among the people of our country. They are known as one of the four gentlemen of "Plum, Orchid, Bamboo and Chrysanthemum", and one of the three friends of Suihan, "Plum, Pine and Bamboo". There are many literati and poets in ancient and modern my country who are fond of bamboo and sing about it. It is said that the great painter Zheng Banqiao lived without bamboo and left behind a large number of bamboo paintings and bamboo poems. The great poet Su Dongpo left a famous saying: "It is better to eat without meat than live without bamboo." There are many types of bamboo, with a total of more than 500 species, variants, variations and cultivated varieties, most of which can be viewed in the courtyard. The famous varieties include: Nan bamboo, Phoenix tail bamboo, Xiaoqin silk bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, Big Buddha belly bamboo, cold bamboo, Xiangfei Bamboo, Cold Arrow Bamboo, Big Arrow Bamboo, Tang Bamboo, Tai Bamboo, Da Tai Bamboo, Filial Bamboo, Pink Single Bamboo, Ox-Ear Bamboo, Square Bamboo, Sichuan Square Bamboo, Longguai Bamboo, Chetong Bamboo, Green Skin Bamboo, Pink Single Bamboo, Short Bamboo Sui bamboo, yellow bamboo, yellow bamboo with flower stalks, giant dragon bamboo, walking stick bamboo, giant bamboo, broad-leaf bamboo, mercury bamboo, human face bamboo, moso bamboo, flower bamboo, flower bamboo, purple bamboo, spotted bamboo, tortoiseshell bamboo, light bamboo , Hard Bamboo, Bitter Bamboo, Golden Bamboo, Turtle Bamboo, Silver Chain Bamboo, Jade Edge Bamboo, Tea Stalk Bamboo, Arrow Bamboo, Bubble Bamboo, Luohan Bamboo, Miaozi Bamboo, Phyllostachys Bamboo, Thorn Bamboo, Feihuang Bamboo, Huaruo Bamboo, Mozhu et al. In addition to being ornamental, bamboo is also an excellent building material. Bamboo shoots are delicacies and can be made into dried or canned food.

Answer: Gaolou Jushi - Bachelor of Science Level 16 10-28 10:35

There are many types of bamboo. According to ancient my country's "Detailed Records of Bamboo Genealogy" and "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration": "There are sixty-one and three hundred and fourteen types of bamboo."

According to modern data: there are 70 types of bamboo in the world. There are more than 1,200 species in the genera and the area is 22 million hectares; there are 39 genera and more than 500 species of bamboo in my country, covering an area of ??5 million hectares.

Identifying the type of bamboo is based on its growth characteristics. It is mainly identified from its propagation type, bamboo stalk shape and bamboo sheaf shape characteristics. According to the type of reproduction, bamboo is divided into three categories: cluster type, scattered type and mixed type.

Cluster type: The buds at the base of the mother bamboo reproduce Hsinchu. Folks call it "bamboo pockets grow bamboo shoots". Such as Ci bamboo, hard-headed spring, Ma bamboo, single bamboo and so on.

Scattered type: Hsinchu is propagated from the buds on the whip roots (commonly known as horse whips). Such as moso bamboo, spotted bamboo, water bamboo, purple bamboo and so on.

Mixed type: It reproduces both from the buds at the base of the mother bamboo and from the buds on the root of the bamboo whip. Such as bitter bamboo, brown bamboo, arrow bamboo, square bamboo and so on.

The following introduces fifty-five characteristic bamboo species.

1. There are 16 kinds of bamboo species in Qingshen:

1. Compassionate Bamboo.

Ci Zhu is a clump type. Bamboo is a typical representative, tall, long tube, green leaves. Its biological characteristics:

⑴Growth characteristics of the above-ground parts: Bamboo shoots emerge from June to August, and growth basically stops in mid-October. Generally, they have 20-30 knots and are 8 to 13 meters high; the longest life span is 9 years; the mother bamboo has the strongest ability to form bamboo shoots in 1-2 years old, and the growth rate of new shoots is high in 3-5 generations, so it can cultivate large materials; The leaves change once a year; flowering has nothing to do with age, but is related to water and nutrition. The leaves turn yellow before flowering, and gradually fall off after flowering, the stems die, and the material becomes brittle; the 1-year-old bamboo is a young bamboo, and the 2-3-year-old bamboo is a strong bamboo; Those born between 4 and 5 years old are old bamboos. There are hairs on the tassel.

⑵ Growth characteristics of the underground part: The stalk has 6 nodes, of which only one node has bamboo shoots (the part where the stalk is connected to the old bamboo); the underground parts are densely packed together and do not go elsewhere. Extending and arching toward the ground; the underground stems of single-clump bamboo have well-developed fibrous roots, most of which are on the surface, and the maximum depth is 2 meters. Newly grown bamboos do not develop roots in their first year, but form a root system in the second year, which gradually weakens thereafter. Old bamboos that are 6 or 7 years old have very few living roots. The stems that have lost the above-ground part can remain underground for more than ten years before they rot. If not treated in time, they will The combination of layers will affect the formation of bamboo shoots and the growth of the bamboo forest. The connection between the bamboo plants and the old bamboo shoots should be cut off. This is called "beating bamboo sticks".

Ci bamboo stalks have strong fibers and long knots, making them an excellent material for bamboo weaving crafts. Cizhu is the most important bamboo species in Qingshen. In rural areas, it is planted in almost every household.

2. Single bamboo: Commonly known as "Kuchi" among the people, it is a high-quality bamboo with the longest tube (more than one meter long) in the genus Kuci. Bamboo is delicate in texture and has extremely strong fiber toughness. It can be made into bamboo strips as thin as cicada wings and as fine as hair, and can be woven into fine bamboo weaving crafts that look like silk or silk. This kind mostly grows in Yinshan areas with fertile soil and is the best material for bamboo weaving. In addition to Qingshen, there are also some such "Kushen" bamboos in Meishan and Qionglai areas.

3. Four Seasons Bamboo: This is a high-quality bamboo species introduced to Qingshen in recent years. It is a cluster type and is named after the bamboo shoots that grow in all seasons. A species of the genus Bamboo, its biggest feature is that its stalks are thick, tall and straight, weighing dozens of kilograms per stem, with fine fibers and fast reproduction and growth. It is a good material for papermaking and has great economic value. At present, Qingshen Xilong, Guanjin, Guihua, Gingguo, Luowan and other towns have more than 100,000 acres of this bamboo base. This kind of bamboo originates from Daping Township, Yuanling County, Hunan Province.

4. Hard-headed springs: cluster type, with tall, straight, hard stalks, thick mass and small space, so they are mostly used as building materials. They are used in rural areas for load-bearing, lifting and lifting things. Planting volume is small.

5. Mottled Bamboo: Also known as Xiangfei Bamboo, it is a scattered type with tall, straight stalks, large diameter, and hard texture. There are brown spots on the bamboo surface. Legend has it that they were the tears of Emperor Yao’s two daughters. It was formed by sprinkling it on, hence the name "bamboo". This kind of bamboo is mostly used as building materials and can also be made into strips for weaving. The ropes used to pull boats in ancient times were mostly made of bamboo strips. Its characteristics are that it is not easily corroded by water, is light and has strong pulling force. The planting volume of Qingshen is not large. Mainly produced in the Xiangshui Basin of Hunan.

6. Nanzhu: Also known as moso bamboo, it is the representative of scattered bamboo. The stems are tall, straight and hard. The diameter is about 20 centimeters, which is a good material for construction; bamboo heads are a good material for carving handicrafts; bamboo shoots are the best dish, called "Yunnan slices". Qingshen is planted in Zhongyan Temple, Deyun Temple and other places. It is abundant in Changning, Sichuan, Chishui, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and other places.

7. Phoebe: A species of Phoebe, named after the hard “thorns” on its stems and branches. Cluster type, tall and straight stalks, tall and thick (more than 10 cm in diameter), thick flesh, small hollows, hairless bamboo shoots and few leaves. Mostly used in building materials. A small amount of it is planted in Qingshen Bamboo Art City, Tianmiao and other places.

8. Water bamboo: scattered type, with slender, hard stalks, shaped like steel pipes, sparse leaves, and strong bamboo toughness. It is mostly used as a material for making bamboo furniture. When grown in large pieces, it can be used as a papermaking material. There was once a patch of water bamboo in Qingshenluo Bay, which was called the "Bamboo Sea".

9. Black bamboo: scattered type, a rare bamboo species. It is named after the stalks and branches are both black; the outer shell of the shoot tip is reddish brown and will become useful after one year. It is the best material for making flutes and flutes. Qingshen is rare in some places.

10. White-pink bamboo: a cluster type, belonging to the genus Ciba, with long culm nodes and a shape like "Kitti". It is named after a thin layer of white powder on the surface of the bamboo culm.

The ornamental bamboos introduced in Qingshen “Bamboo Art City” include:

11. Luohan bamboo: cluster type, with short stalks, big head, small upper body, and several heads. The knot resembles an "Arhat" with a protruding belly, hence its name. Can be used as craft materials.

12. Qinsi Bamboo: Cluster type, some tall, some short, the surface of the stalk is light yellow, with green thick and thin alternate lines on it, shaped like "Qinsi", hence its name.

13. Phoenix tail bamboo: cluster type, with thin and short stems, very small branches and leaves, shaped like a Phoenix tail, hence its name.

14. Square bamboo: mixed type, named after the bamboo stalks are approximately square. The surface is light yellow, and there is a circle of small thorns on the joints, so it is also called "thorny bamboo". Can be used for craft processing materials. This bamboo is a rare type of bamboo. There is a precious "square bamboo" in Fengli Village, Chayang Township, Tuorong County, Fujian Province.

15. Brown bamboo: Mixed type, its stem resembles bamboo but not bamboo, black with skin, solid heart, and white bristles in the flesh.

16. Dou Li Bamboo: mixed type, with thin, straight, hard stalks, wide leaves, and strong reproductive capacity. In ancient times, the stalks were used to make arrow stalks. Qingshen people often put leaves in bamboo hats to protect them from rain or sun, hence the name "bamboo hat".

2. There are 28 ancient bamboo species recorded in the "Bamboo Classic" written by Dai Kai in the Jin Dynasty and "The Complete Book of Agriculture" written by Xu Guangqi in the Ming Dynasty:

1. Twelve-season bamboo: Bamboo sections surround the child. There are twelve characters such as Chou, Yan, Mao, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai. Uncle Zhou Jun's family in Anfu, Qizhou has this bamboo, which is also a wonder of creation.

2. Bamboo: From Xinzhou, a branch of louvered leaves can be used to sharpen armor. It will be slightly slippery after being used for a long time. If it is soaked with physalis overnight, it will recover as quickly and sharply as before. It is often used for crossbow arrows.

3. Human-faced Bamboo: Out of Tanshan Mountain, the diameter of the bamboo is several inches, and it is two feet close to the base. The knots are uneven on all sides. The bamboo skin is like fish scales, and the face is convex like a human face. The bamboo is as big as The mouth of the bowl is as small as a finger and is a treasure of craftsmanship.

4. Taosi Bamboo: Leaves are like brown, body is like bamboo, densely knotted and solid, thick inside and thin bones, natural pillar stick, comes out between Bayu and Chongqing, produces Yu with fine lines, one section is four feet.

5. Gold inlaid bamboo: Produced in Chengdu, it is no different from ordinary bamboo, but there are two green and two yellow alternating on each section of the stalk.

6. Filial Bamboo: The stalk is thin and long, made into large silk. In summer, the shoots sprout from it, and the source is left to the mother bamboo. In winter, the shoots are protected from the outside, and the mother bamboo is wrapped inside, so it is called Cijiao.

7. Qizhu: When it came out of Qizhou in Chu, the natives took the bright and moist color as bamboo mat, and the sparse ones as Xiaoguan (flute).

8. Double Bamboo: Born in the West Mountain of Wulin in Zhejiang Province, the beauty lies in the pruning of the tender strips, which are opposite and chaotic, and the color is the cutest.

9. Longgong Bamboo: It is produced in Luofu Mountain. Its diameter is about seven feet, its knots are two feet long, and its leaves are like bananas.

10. Bow Bamboo: Produced in the East, its root is hundreds of fathoms long, its curves are like a vine, it must be a big tree, it leans upward, and its texture is textured.

11. Keting Bamboo: Produced in the south of Yunmeng. Its stalks are classified as musical instruments after their age, and the sound is the clearest.

12. Guizhu: It comes from Nankang Prefecture. The stalk is four to five feet high and about one foot in circumference. It looks like licorice bark and is red.

13. Simo Bamboo: The strange thing is that after the bamboo shoots grow from the joints and become bamboo poles, the bamboo shoots grow again in the joints and go overseas.

14. Plum Green Bamboo: Its stalk is like Xiang Fei and thin, its skin has no spiral pattern, its color is also dark, and its size is not as large as that of human beings. It is mostly used as fan bones.

15. Dafu Bamboo: Because of its long and slender stalks reaching up to the clouds, with a circumference of three feet, it is named "Chu Luyan".

16. Asparagus Bamboo: In the valleys of Shengchenzhou and Zhejiang Province, it is no taller than a foot, and its branches are as thin as needles. It can be used as a pot to play in, but no frost or snow can be seen in winter.

17. Linhe Bamboo: Its pole is as big as ten arms, which is even more amazing than Longgong Bamboo. Come out and congratulate.

18. Acacia Bamboo: Coming out of Guangdong, it looks like a pair of bamboos but with a big difference. They grow in pairs facing each other.

19. Sparse-jointed bamboo: The pole is the tallest, with each section separated by an inch or so. It comes from Li Mu Shan Yang.

20. Danqing Bamboo: It comes from Xiong'er Mountain. Its leaves have three colors, yellow, green and red.

21. Tongzhi Bamboo: Produced in Qinzhou, its stems are straight up without joints, and the center is hollow without any separation, so it is also a different species.

22. Ningbo Bamboo: Its branches and leaves are like ordinary bamboo, but it has red flowers and blooms like pomegranates, which is also a strange bamboo.

23. Peizhu: In the past, it was said that this bamboo was a hundred feet long and came from the city in the southern wilderness. It was attached here to express its strangeness.

24. Flat Bamboo: Its pole is extremely flat and comes out of Kuanglu Mountain.

25. Chuanzhu: Chuyuanqiu, which is as big as a bathtub.

26. Qiong Bamboo: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent people to open the Qiong Bamboo Staff.

27. Guanyin Bamboo: Out of the city siege.

3. Eleven kinds of modern exotic bamboos:

1. Monstera deliciosa: also known as Penglai banana, an evergreen vine of the Araceae family, with stems resembling bamboo joints and young leaf hearts. Shape, the old leaves are deeply split, and the perforations between the veins are like a turtle's back. It is beautiful and has high ornamental value. It is native to Central America and is now introduced to my country (contained in "China Flower News" in 1998).

2. Five-color bamboo: The poles of this bamboo are in five colors: yellow, blue, white, green, and gray from head to toe. It is like an artist painting from top to bottom with a five-color pen, which is extremely beautiful. It is shaped like moso bamboo, but the branches are thinner and shorter, the shoots are harder, and the fibers are brittle. There are 46 beads of five-color bamboo on Shangtufang Mountain in Taiyin Village, Zhaili Township, Guangze County, Fujian Province, scattered in the mountain field with a radius of one mile.

3. Electric Bamboo: There is a kind of bamboo in North America. People and animals cannot get close to it. Once you get close to it, your whole body will be numb or even knocked down. People call it electric bamboo.

4. Rice-producing bamboo: A kind of rice-producing bamboo grows on the mountains in Pinggou Township, Lueyang County, Shaanxi Province. Each bead of bamboo can grow up to 10 to 20 ears, and each ear has about 12 grains of rice. Bamboo rice is very nutritious, and the powder ground into it is similar to flour. It can be made into noodles, steamed buns, steamed buns, etc. It is sweet and delicious. The appearance of bamboo rice is like oats, and its maturity period is the same as that of rice and wheat. After identification by relevant departments, it is considered to be a very delicious woody grain with great future development.

5. Wave Bamboo: A strange, special-shaped bamboo was discovered on Pingfeng Mountain in Taojiang County, Hunan. The bead height of this kind of bamboo is only 2-3 meters, and each bamboo node is irregularly wavy, with an amplitude of 2-3 cm flowing up and down. The bamboo poles below the branches are convex, and the length of the nodes is longer than that of ordinary southern bamboos. The bamboo is five-sixths short and has dense branches that seem to rise straight up at an angle of about 25 degrees. It is a good ornamental bamboo and can be used for making handicrafts.

6. Solid bamboo: This kind of bamboo has long fibers, fine texture, toughness and elasticity. It is the best raw material for papermaking and a rare material in the handmade bamboo ware industry.

7. Bamboo that can overflow fine wine: In the Mongolia Forest in Tanzania, Africa, there is a kind of bamboo that can overflow fine wine, Liquor Bamboo. This kind of bamboo is short, strong and soft, and comes in various shapes. It is regarded as a treasure by the local people. When people want to drink, they chop some bamboo back, peel off the tips, and insert it into a wine bottle. In less than one night, the bottle will be filled with liquor with a concentration of about 30 degrees. This wine has a mellow taste, fragrant and delicious taste, and has the functions of strengthening the body and bones, relieving summer heat and clearing the mind.

8. Silver Chain Bamboo: There is a kind of bamboo in Fujian whose joints are only two or three inches long. It is precisely because it has short sections, connected to each other, and grows under a big tree, just like silver chains hanging on the tree. It is beautiful and unique, so it is called "Silver Chain Bamboo". Use it as a crutch or umbrella handle without much processing. It is a natural work of art.

9. Inverted bamboo: In the Meihuashan Nature Reserve in Longyan Temple, Fujian, a kind of fallen bamboo (loosely grown) is amazing. It is distributed next to the rocks beside the valley at high altitude. The bamboo pole is thin and thin, about as thick as a thumb. The pole is 4-5 meters high. The leaves are fine and dense. The bamboo whiskers stand like bamboo inserted upside down, so it is called upside down bamboo. Nowadays, this kind of fallen bamboo can be found in Longkong Village, Yanshi Town, Yongyan Temple, Xinluo District, Qingshuiyan, Wan'an Town and other places.

10. Sweet Bamboo: It grows on the rocks of the Amazon River. Its leaves are relatively thick. In spring, the bamboo leaves begin to turn green and become cicadas. It tastes sweet when chewed, not much different from the sweetness of honey. .

11. Hypnotic Bamboo: It grows at the foot of the Alps. It has thick leaves and a large crown. If you get close to it, people or animals will immediately feel drowsy. If you eat bamboo leaves by mistake, you will feel sleepy. Sleep soundly all day and night.

The above 1-11 kinds of bamboos are a collection of strange bamboos published in newspapers.

Nan bamboo, Phoenix tail bamboo, Xiaoqin silk bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, big Buddha belly bamboo, cold bamboo, Xiangfei bamboo, cold arrow bamboo, big arrow bamboo, Tang bamboo, Thai bamboo, big Thai bamboo, filial bamboo, pink single Bamboo, ox ear bamboo, square bamboo, Sichuan square bamboo, longguai bamboo, car tube bamboo, green bamboo, pink single bamboo, short spike bamboo, yellow bamboo, flower stalk yellow bamboo, giant dragon bamboo, walking stick bamboo, light giant bamboo, Broad-leaved bamboo, mercury bamboo, human-faced bamboo, moso bamboo, flowered moso bamboo, flowered bamboo, purple bamboo, spotted bamboo, tortoise shell bamboo, pale bamboo, rigid bamboo, bitter bamboo, golden bamboo, turtle pattern bamboo, silver chain bamboo, jade edge bamboo, tea stalk Bamboo, arrow bamboo, bubble bamboo, Luohan bamboo, seedling bamboo, moso bamboo, spiny bamboo, Feihuang bamboo, Huaruo bamboo, black bamboo

It can be divided into three types according to the growth conditions of bamboo poles and bamboo whips Types:

Scattered, clustered and mixed types.

Scattered bamboos include purple bamboo, square bamboo, moso bamboo, light bamboo, etc.;

Clustered bamboos include Buddha belly bamboo, Phoenix bamboo, green bamboo, etc.;

There are about 1,200 kinds of bamboo, and there are more than 250 kinds in my country.

1. Bamboo super tribe

Pear bamboo tribe

1 Pear bamboo genus 2 Silao genus 3 Paoba genus 4 Thai bamboo genus 5 Diabolo genus 6 Pear-leaf bamboo genus 7 Lehai bamboo genus 8 Monophyllum genus

Erystilium genus

1 New small bamboo genus 2 Erythium spp. Genus}

The family Bamboo

1 The genus Bamboo 2 The genus Green Bamboo 3 The genus {The subgenus Bamboo subgenus} 4 The genus Bamboo

Corn bamboo subtribe

1 Daphnia genus 2 Trichosanthes 3 Short-spike genus 4 Phyllostachys genus

Japanese bamboo subtribe Tribe

1 Japanese bamboo genus 2 Yepingzhu genus 3 Hanzhu genus 4 Qiong bamboo genus

2. North American Arrow Bamboo supertribe

Fragrant bamboo tribe

1 Fragrant Bamboo genus 2 Fusarium genus

North American arrow bamboo tribe

Xiaozhu subtribe

1 Xiaozhu genus 2 Xanthus genus 3 Arrow bamboo genus 4 Yumangosteen

North American arrow bamboo subtribe