belongs to: Putuo District, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province
Putuo is located in the northeast of Zhejiang Province and the southeast of Zhoushan Islands. It is bounded by 29 32'-3 28' north latitude and 121 56'-123 14' east longitude. It is named after Putuo Mountain, a Buddhist resort in China. Located at the confluence of the Yangtze River, Qiantang River and Yongjiang River, it is close to Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and other large and medium-sized cities that are open to the outside world. It is 165km from Shanghai in the northwest, 73km from Ningbo and 21km from Hangzhou in the west, 265km from Wenzhou in the southwest, 55km from Keelung Port in Taiwan Province, 852km from Changzhi Port in Japan and 897km from Incheon Port in South Korea, so the location advantage is very obvious. There are 454.5 large and small islands in the whole region, of which 3.5 are inhabited. The coastline has a total length of 831.43 kilometers and a total area of 6,73 square kilometers, including a sea area of 6,271 square kilometers and a land area of 459 square kilometers. It is a marine area and a land community.
Putuo has a monsoon marine climate on the southern edge of the north subtropical zone, which is mild and humid all the year round, warm in winter and cool in summer, with sufficient sunshine. The annual average temperature is 16.1℃, the coldest is January, with an average temperature of 5.5℃, and the hottest is August, with a monthly average temperature of 26.9℃, annual sunshine hours of 215.7 hours, annual total solar radiation of 113.5 kcal/cm2, annual active accumulated temperature of ≥1℃ of 59.6℃, and frost-free period of 235 days. The average annual rainfall is 12mm. The annual average relative humidity is 8%, which belongs to humid or semi-humid areas.
Abundant marine resources
Putuo has a vast sea area and abundant seawater and beach resources, including Zhongjieshan and Yangan fishing grounds in Zhoushan Fishing Ground, covering an area of about 34, square kilometers. It has superior natural conditions and abundant biological resources, including more than 1,1 species of marine life, especially rich fishery resources, including 14 species of fish, including large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, hairtail and squid. There are also more than 4 species of crabs and shrimps, mainly Portunus trituberculatus, Penaeus harveyi and eagle shrimp. The mariculture area reached 6,3 mu in 25, mainly cultivating laver, kelp, clam, razor clam, prawn, crab and fish. The successful artificial culture of large yellow croaker was a breakthrough in mariculture technology and was awarded the gold medal in aquaculture by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Because there are many beaches around the islands in Putuo District, the slope is flat and has little leakage, which is suitable for sea salt production. In 25, the total output of salt fields in production was 43,1 tons.
Advantageous deep-water harbor
Putuo District is dotted with islands, with curved coastlines, inlets and headlands, forming many ports, harbors and waterways, surrounded by islands, with a large mouth and a large belly, small water depth, little silt and no freezing, and a lot of muddy silt or silty mud bottom. Port facilities can be built in the hinterland. According to the survey, the coastline of the whole region is 44 kilometers with a water depth of 12-2 meters, and there are 59 ship repairing enterprises in the region, which are distributed in Mazhi, Lujiazhi, Zhujiajian Island, Taohua, Xiazhi and Liuheng islands, making it an ideal port area for building deep-water berths and berthing giant ships. The international waterway-Xiashimen Waterway can allow 15, tons of carriers to enter and exit freely, and 2, tons of waiting ships to enter and exit freely.
The famous shenjiamen Fishing Port at home and abroad is the central port of Zhoushan Fishing Ground and the largest fishing port in China, and it is called the three largest mass fishing ports in the world together with Bergen Port and callao Port in Peru. It is 11.5 kilometers long and .19-.17 kilometers wide. It is a gorge-shaped natural harbor with many ports running from east to west, with a harbor area of 3.2 million square meters and a water area of 1.85 million square meters. The seabed is flat and muddy, and it is an ideal anchorage and safe haven for fishing boats, and also the largest distribution center for fishing goods in China. During the fishing season, nearly 1, fishing boats from coastal provinces and cities gather to take shelter from the wind, repair and replenish production and living materials. There are more than 1 shipyards, diesel engine factories, anchor chain factories, oil, fishing nets, fishing machines and other enterprises serving fishery production along the port coast. At present, Shenjiamen Port is a comprehensive port for passenger and cargo transportation. Tourism industry
Putuo is rich in tourism resources. Putuo Mountain, the hometown of sand sculpture, shenjiamen, the oriental fishing capital, and Peach Blossom Island, written by Jin Yong, constitute a unique "golden triangle of tourism" in Putuo. It has rich tourism resources such as Buddhist culture, mountain and sea landscape, fishing village customs, seaside holiday, seafood and delicious food. Among them, the natural landscape is dominated by sea, sand, mountains, rocks, caves and reefs, and there are many types. The beach resources are unique, and the beach area accounts for a quarter of the total beach area in Zhejiang Province. The geology of each island is dominated by granite, which has been eroded by crustal movement and seawater, forming a variety of rock landscapes and reef landscapes. The most famous are the Xitian Scenic Area of Putuo Mountain, the Nantianmen Scenic Area, the Baishan Scenic Area of Zhujiajian Island, the Anqi Peak Scenic Area of Taohua Island, and the Dongfushan Mountain in Dongji Island, the outpost of the East China Sea. Putuo's humanistic tourism resources are also very rich, which are integrated with the natural landscape and benefit from each other. Putuo Mountain is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. It has been more than a thousand years since the creation of Guanyin Dojo in the Tang Dynasty. It is the largest shrine of Guanyin Bodhisattva at home and abroad and enjoys a long-standing reputation in China's coastal areas and Southeast Asia. Zhujiajian Island has started the brand of "sand sculpture" and has been recognized as one of the best sandy beaches in the world by WSSA, an international sand sculpture organization. Peach Blossom Island is said to be the secluded place of An Qisheng in Qin Dynasty, and it is famous at home and abroad because of the masterpiece Legend of the Condor Heroes by the master of martial arts literature, Mr. Jin Yong, and it is covered with the mysterious veil of "Fairy Mountain on the Sea". Shenjiamen, the "Shili Fishing Port", together with Bergen Port in Norway and callao Port in Peru, is also known as the world's three largest fishing ports and the largest distribution center for fish and goods in China. In recent years, it is even more famous for its seafood night stalls.
Climatic conditions
Putuo belongs to the monsoon marine climate on the southern edge of the northern subtropical zone, which is mild and humid all the year round, warm in winter and cool in summer, with sufficient sunshine. The annual average temperature is 16.1℃, the coldest is January, with an average temperature of 5.5℃, and the hottest is August, with a monthly average temperature of 26.9℃, annual sunshine hours of 215.7 hours, annual total solar radiation of 113.5 kcal/cm2, annual active accumulated temperature of ≥1℃ of 59.6℃, and frost-free period of 235 days. The average annual rainfall is 12mm. The annual average relative humidity is 8%, which belongs to humid or semi-humid areas.
island economy
since the reform and opening up, the economy of the whole region has developed steadily and healthily, and all social undertakings have made all-round progress. In 1996, it was awarded the title of the second batch of well-off counties (districts) in Zhejiang Province, and in 1998 it was included in the coastal economic development zone.
in p>26, the GDP of the whole region reached 1.321 billion yuan, which was 86.5% higher than that of 22 at comparable prices, with an average annual growth rate of 16.9%, which was 3 percentage points higher than that of the whole province in the same period. The per capita GDP was 32,378 yuan, with an average annual increase of 17.3%. The total fiscal revenue was 85 million yuan, of which local fiscal revenue was 54 million yuan, up by 149.3% and 144.2% respectively compared with 22, with an average annual growth of 25.7% and 25.% respectively. The total industrial output value of the whole region reached 14.14 billion yuan, 1.8 times higher than that of 22, with an average annual growth rate of 29.7%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 3.835 billion yuan, an increase of 58.3% over 22, with an average annual increase of 12.2%. In four years, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 1.24 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 34.4%. The comprehensive level of social development has been continuously improved. Achieve the major economic indicators of the Tenth Five-Year Plan one year ahead of schedule. Generally speaking, these four years are one of the fastest and best periods of economic and social development in Putuo history.
Marine Fisheries for Steady Progress
As a key fishing area in China, marine fisheries are an important foundation of Putuo's economy. In 26, the total fishery output in the whole region was 495,3 tons, with a total output value of 3.149 billion yuan. The agriculture and fisheries industry has developed steadily, achieving a total output value of 3.353 billion yuan, an increase of 25.7% over 22; The total fishery output was 495,3 tons, a decrease of 2.7% compared with 22; The total fishery output value was 3.149 billion yuan, an increase of 28.7% over 22. In four years, 918 fishing boats were scrapped and dismantled, 4,525 fishermen were diverted, and 17 million yuan was invested in fishery infrastructure construction. Actively develop characteristic agriculture and establish a number of bases for organic tea, daffodils, seedlings and fruits. The proportion of the three industries in the whole region has been adjusted from 25.5: 33.3: 41.2 to 15.5: 4.7: 43.8, which further highlights the leading position of the industry, accelerates the development of the tertiary industry and makes the industrial structure more reasonable.
Putuo is a good place for fish, shrimp and shellfish culture, because of its smooth water flow, rich nutrients and high biological content. Shallow seas and beaches that can be developed and utilized have an area of 12, mu. New ways and technologies of aquaculture, such as deep-water cages and high-standard ponds, have been popularized. The aquaculture area in the whole region is 6,3 mu, the output is 38,5 tons, and the output value is 593 million yuan. Among them, the full artificial culture of Pseudosciaena crocea is successful, which is a major breakthrough in aquaculture technology and was awarded the gold medal in aquaculture by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
the leading position of industry is further highlighted
in p>26, the total industrial output value of the whole region reached 14.14 billion yuan, 1.8 times higher than that of 22, with an average annual growth rate of 29.7%. Lingang industry, represented by shipbuilding and aquatic products processing, has developed rapidly, achieving an output value of 11.94 billion yuan, 2.1 times higher than that in 22. The shipbuilding industry has achieved leap-forward development, with an output value of 3.322 billion yuan, an increase of 11.2 times over 22; The capacity of dock repair exceeds 1 million tons, and a number of major shipbuilding repair projects such as COSCO Shipping have been completed and put into operation one after another. The level of intensive processing of aquatic products and the ability of industrial agglomeration were further improved, and the total output value of aquatic products processing was 8.26 billion yuan, and the proportion of intensive processing reached 41.6%. Large-scale enterprises have become bigger and stronger, with 22 enterprises with an output value exceeding 1 million yuan, 17 more than in 22.
Great progress has been made in tourism
Putuo is rich in tourism resources. Putuo Mountain, the hometown of sand sculpture, Zhujiajian Island, shenjiamen, the oriental fishing capital, and Peach Blossom Island, described by Jin Yong, constitute a unique "golden triangle of tourism" in Putuo. Putuo Mountain is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. It has been more than a thousand years since the creation of Guanyin Dojo in the Tang Dynasty. It is the largest shrine of Guanyin Bodhisattva at home and abroad and enjoys a long-standing reputation in China's coastal areas and Southeast Asia. Zhujiajian Island is famous for its landscape of mountains and seas, fishing village customs and seaside holidays. At present, it has started the brand of "sand sculpture" and has been recognized as one of the best sandy beaches in the world by WSSA, an international sand sculpture organization. Peach Blossom Island is said to be the secluded place of An Qisheng in Qin Dynasty, and it is famous at home and abroad because of the masterpiece Legend of the Condor Heroes by the master of martial arts literature, Mr. Jin Yong, and it is covered with the mysterious veil of "Fairy Mountain on the Sea". Last year, CCTV's Legend of the Condor Heroes was filmed in Taohua Island, which further enhanced the popularity of Taohua Island. Shenjiamen, the "Shili Fishing Port", together with Bergen Port in Norway and callao Port in Peru, is also known as the world's three largest mass fishing ports and the largest distribution center for fish and goods in China. In recent years, it is even more famous for its seafood night stalls. In 26, the number of tourists in the whole region was 4,646,8, an increase of 84.2% over 22, of which 65,5 were overseas tourists, an increase of 7.4 times over 22. The tourism revenue was 3.65 billion yuan, an increase of 12.4% over 22.
Development and construction in the ascendant
Since the reform and opening up, Putuo has earnestly carried out the inscription spirit of General Secretary Jiang Zemin's "Developing the Ocean and Revitalizing Zhoushan" and Premier Li Peng's "Opening wider to the outside world and prospering Zhoushan", and has lost no time in promoting economic development. According to different functions, shenjiamen Marine Biological Industrial Park, Goushan Island Industrial Park, Zhanmaofeng Island Industrial Park and Liuheng Industrial Park were planned and constructed respectively to promote industrialization and urbanization. The provincial Donggang Economic Development Zone plans to reclaim 8 square kilometers of land from the sea, increase the deep-water coastline by 7.2 kilometers, and build a modern coastal new city with a population of 5,. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Putuo has invested a total of 1.3 billion yuan in infrastructure construction, and completed a number of key and practical projects, such as dredging at Shenjiamen Port, Donggang Seaside Park, wave breakwater project at Xiazhi Fishing Port, Liuheng funeral home project, Zhanmao, Goushan and Zhujiajian Island sewage treatment project. The cultivation of specialized markets has also achieved initial results. In 25, Zhoushan International Aquatic City was rated as the first "four-star" civilized market in the aquatic industry in China, with a trading volume of 31,9 tons and a trading volume of 3.214 billion yuan, up by 3.8% and 5.3% respectively over the previous year. As early as 1996, it was incorporated into the ceremony of "Best in China" by the Marketing Department of the State Council Development Research Center, which became an important window for the city to open to the outside world. All these will inject new vitality into the development of Putuo economy.
Historical evolution
Putuo District is named after Putuo Mountain, a famous Buddhist scenic spot in the region. Putuo Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Emei Mountain are also called the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. However, compared with other famous Buddhist mountains, Putuo Mountain is not only the only island, but also the only place name from Sanskrit.
According to historical records, Putuo Mountain was called Meicen Mountain before the Song Dynasty. It was named after the folk legend that when the Western Han Dynasty became emperor, the alchemist Meifu lived in seclusion in the mountain to make an alchemist, and he was given the name to help islanders through medical treatment. However, after Hui Hua, a Japanese monk, set up the Guanyin Temple in the mountain in the second year of Emperor Zhen Ming of the Later Liang Dynasty (AD 916), Buddhist activities on the island began to become active because from the Five Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, believing in Buddhism had become an ethos advocated by the royal family and the people. Especially in the war years of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, those who refused to go to Guanyin Temple and Guanyin Statue in the vast East China Sea were not only the embodiment of truth, goodness and beauty in people's eyes, but also the story of Guanyin Bodhisattva's refusal to go to Japan represented a kind of national integrity and national self-esteem, and the supernatural story of Guanyin Bodhisattva spread rapidly. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, after Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin were taken captive by Jin Bing, the sentiment that Guanyin Bodhisattva refused to go abroad was a good comfort to the people who suffered great trauma in their hearts, and it also deepened the people's reverence and worship for Guanyin Bodhisattva. In people's minds, the mysterious atmosphere unique to the island has also accelerated the spread of the story. With the establishment of Guanyin Bodhisattva's lofty idol status, some people began to look for the basis in the classics, and found the following record in Huayan Jing: "There are mountains in the south, named Bucuoluojia, and there are bodhisattvas there, named' Guanzi'" (it is also possible that some people inadvertently noticed some similarities between this passage and the geographical environment of Meicen Mountain). Therefore, Bupo Loka (transliteration of Sanskrit Potalaka) also wrote Putuo Loka, Bupo Loka, Buduo Loka, Potala and so on. A small white flower (China, Guangming Mountain, Island Mountain, etc.) was borrowed to Meicen Mountain and circulated in the society as an alias of Meicen Mountain. At the beginning of its spread, due to different translation methods, some people used transliteration and some used free translation. For example, in Su Dongpo's poem "Seeing Judge Feng off in a prosperous country", he said, "The blue mountains sway to show off the Xiushan dance, and the small white peach blossoms are half-swallowed." The word "little white" in the sentence comes from the Italian translation of "little white flower". Today, the cliff of "Baihuashan" with a square word of 2 meters can still be seen on the rock beside Miaosolemn Road in Putuo Mountain. However, the transliteration name "Butuo Luojia" was used in Baoqing's Annals of Changguo County (1227), which was written in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, one of the "Butuo Luojia" began to come from behind, trying to replace the original name of "Mei Censhan", which was fully reflected in Baoqing's Changguo County Records. The journal reads: "Buduo Luojia Mountain, in the East China Sea, is called a lonely place on the coast in Buddhist books. A Mei Censhan ". In the eyes of visible editors, the island's name and alias have been issued.