Key words: truffle edible fungi

Scientific name: Tuber spp. Classification location: Discomycetes, Tuberales, Tuberaceae, Tuber

The outer shape of the ascocarp is irregular spherical, oval and oval. Separated by deep reticular furrows, the fruit is 2.5~5.5cm×2.1~4cm or larger in diameter, dark brown, dark brown when fresh, and yellow brown when fresh. It is born in the superficial soil layer or rhizosphere soil of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests such as Pinus armandii, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Quercus acutissima and Coriaria sinica.

Truffles, also known as truffles, have unique fragrance, taste and nutritional value. People have been eating truffles for thousands of years. In developed countries such as Europe and America, truffles are known as "black diamonds" and are the best of wild mushrooms. They are also known as the three treasures together with caviar and foie gras. Truffles have a variety of therapeutic effects, including 17 kinds of amino acids, 8 kinds of vitamins, appropriate amount of protein, and more than 5 kinds of physiologically active components such as androsterone, sterols, sphingolipids, fatty acids, amino acids and trace elements. It also contains eight kinds of essential nutrients that cannot be synthesized by human body, such as amino acids, zinc, manganese, iron, calcium, phosphorus and selenium. It has medicinal values such as enhancing immunity, anti-aging, invigorating stomach, refreshing mind, stopping bleeding and treating hemorrhoids, has anticancer activity, has certain inhibitory effect on cancer cells, and can stimulate the vitality of brain cells. It is one of the favorite fungi in Europe and America, and is mainly made into dietary seasoning and edible. At present, the market price of black truffle in Japan, Europe and America is between $5 and $1, per kilogram, while the domestic market price of black truffle is between $5 and 1 yuan per kilogram. The price of the first-class Italian white truffle can reach more than 5, euros per kilogram, which is one of the expensive strains. China and Europe are natural distribution centers of commercial truffles. Commercial truffles in Europe are mainly Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum, and their international market price is about 5 ~ 8 USD/kg, which are distributed in Italy, France, Spain and other countries in western Europe. Commercial truffles in China are mainly Indian truffles and pseudo-concave truffles, with Panzhihua as the natural distribution center and radiating to Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and Yongren County of Chuxiong Prefecture of Yunnan Province. Panzhihua is the natural distribution center of truffles in China, with an annual output of about 1 tons, accounting for about half of the national output. The output of truffle distribution circle centered on Panzhihua accounts for about 8% of the national truffle output. Truffles have become a new growth point of Panzhihua forestry industry and farmers' income. The annual output value of truffles in the city has reached 8 million yuan, accounting for 16% of the forestry output value, increasing farmers' income by 157 yuan per person per year. A few days ago, Panzhihua City was named as the "hometown of truffles in China" by experts organized by the National Economic Forestry Association. In addition, in Nanhua County, Chuxiong Prefecture, there are more than 2 kinds of wild mushrooms known in its territory, with an annual reserve of more than 1, tons, of which the annual output of black truffles is between 2 and 5 tons, and the market turnover is 5-1 tons per year. Five sessions of "China Nanhua Wild Mushroom Food Culture Festival" have been successfully held. Similarly, there are many Yongren counties adjacent to the above two places. Yongsheng county, Lijiang city also has some, and the price is not very expensive, but most local people don't know this kind of thing. After several years of acquisition by foreigners, it was sold in the local market.