catalogue
Characteristics of Mid-Autumn Festival
The origin of the Mid-Autumn festival
Mid-autumn festival custom
Characteristics of Mid-Autumn Festival
The first feature of Mid-Autumn Festival is its strong folklore. Festivals are the sustenance of people's emotions, and the main folk customs (such as eating moon cakes) are not afraid of repetition, heartfelt and public behavior. The moon cake is shaped like a full moon, which is the integration of the Han nationality, Uygur, Tibetan, Manchu, Mongolian and other cake-making methods. The ancient cake-making industry respected Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty as the god of cake maker, which is a portrayal of this integration process. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing, anthropomorphic clay figurines of rabbits were placed, which were not only gods of worship, but also children's dolls with strong timeliness, reflecting the relaxed and happy atmosphere of celebrating the harvest. Yi dance's "A Xi Tiao Yue" and Mongolian song "Aobao Meeting" are typical songs and dances with carnival and men and women meeting. This year, the Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival held in Longtan Park in Beijing and the Temple Fair held in Guwanping County in Fengtai all reflected the festival connotation of celebrating the harvest in the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The second feature of Mid-Autumn Festival is romantic lyricism. People in China see the moon as a mythical world with men (WU GANG), women (Chang 'e), plants (osmanthus trees), animals (jade rabbits), palaces (Guanghan Palace) and stories. The moon is a fairyland, a blue mirror related to everyone's happiness. The moon is a friend of human beings and can communicate with people's hearts, "from a pot of wine among the flowers, I drank alone. There was no one with me, till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon and to bring me my shadow and make us three" (Li Bai's drinking Alone with the Moon). "the moon, grown full now over the sea, Tianya * * * at this time" (Zhang Jiuling's looking at the moon and thinking of one far away). "I hope that people will live for a long time, and they will be beautiful for thousands of miles." (Su Dongpo's "Water Tune?" When is the bright moon?). Through the humanized description of the moon, it reflects how imaginative and romantic the people of China are.
The third feature of Mid-Autumn Festival is the sense of urgency. As the saying goes, "Mid-autumn Moon is over half the year, and Wednesday is feared in the week". It means that as soon as the Mid-Autumn Festival is over, the day of "year-end accounting" is coming, so we should hurry up and finish what we should do this year. In ancient Beijing, the Mid-Autumn Festival was still a day to settle accounts, which was a sign of the time period, also known as "saving customs", and the debts should be cleared at that time. A diabolo competition will be held this Mid-Autumn Festival in Xuanwu District, Beijing. Diabolo shaking is the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection projects. Beijing diabolo has one wheel and two wheels. The second round of photos, shaking up, has the meaning of "time flies like an arrow, the sun and the moon fly like a shuttle", encouraging people to cherish the good times.
The fourth feature of the Mid-Autumn Festival is the warm feeling of bone and flesh. Spend a full moon night, when the flesh and blood are reunited. Reunion and reunion are the central significance of the Mid-Autumn Festival custom. Because of family life, China people have strong family ethics, attach importance to kinship and blood ties, and form a folk psychology of peace, harmony and harmonious reunion. National unity, national unity and family reunion have become major events that reflect happiness in people's lives, and the existence of the Mid-Autumn Festival provides a good opportunity for people to gather regularly. Festivals are an accelerant to strengthen national cohesion, and people agree with and practice folk customs, which is a great and mysterious force. Moon cakes are a kind of snacks. As a social gift, they are meant to convey feelings, and "gratitude will be repaid". "Dim sum, dim sum" is just a point, not seeking luxury, but focusing on affection. Luxury packaging of moon cakes is not in line with the original intention of "dim sum". If the packaging is too luxurious and difficult to degrade, it will cause difficulties in handling, which is contrary to the principle of "not afraid of repetition" in folk customs and is not conducive to the protection of folk events of festivals.
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The origin of the Mid-Autumn festival
August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China. "Moonlight is the brightest night in a year, and people in thousands of miles enjoy the time.". The Mid-Autumn Festival is named because it is just half the value of Sanqiu. It is also called the Reunion Festival or the Moon Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival and the August Festival. There are different opinions about the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival. According to experts' research, among the three traditional festivals in China-Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival came into being at the latest. However, like other traditional festivals, the Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history, and its history can be traced back to the ancient custom of respecting the moon and autumn worship activities.
In ancient China, there was a custom of offering sacrifices to the moon for a long time. According to Zhou Li, there were activities in the Zhou Dynasty, such as "welcoming the cold in the mid-autumn night" and "Yue Bai at the autumn equinox". In the middle of August of the lunar calendar, it is also the harvest of autumn grain. People hold a series of ceremonies and celebrations to thank the gods for their protection, which is called "Autumn Newspaper". In the Mid-Autumn Festival, the temperature is cool but not cold, the sky is crisp and the moon is bright, which is the best season to watch the moon. Therefore, the composition of the festival was gradually replaced by the appreciation of the moon, and the color of the sacrifice gradually faded, but this festival continued and was given new meaning.
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Mid-autumn festival custom
Eat moon cakes
Eating moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival, like eating zongzi in Dragon Boat Festival and glutinous rice balls in Lantern Festival, is a traditional folk custom in China. It is said that there was a custom of eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Tang Dynasty, but it was in the Song Dynasty that moon cakes were associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival as a food name. The royal Mid-Autumn Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty likes to eat a kind of "palace cake", which is commonly known as "small cake" among the people. Su Dongpo has a poem saying: "Small cakes are like chewing the moon, and there are crisps and fillings in them." Zhou Mi, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, first mentioned the name of "moon cake" in Old Wulin. Legend has it that at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, people also used moon cakes to convey anti-meta information, indicating that moon cakes had entered the homes of ordinary people at that time and became a necessary food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. For a long time, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in making moon cakes. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, bakers had printed fairy tales such as the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon on moon cakes as food art drawings. A scholar in Qing Dynasty described it as "moon cakes filled with peach stuffing and ice cream with sugar cream", which seems quite similar to the present moon cakes. In modern times, with workshops specializing in making moon cakes, the production of moon cakes is more elaborate, with exquisite fillings and beautiful appearance, and it is also divided into different flavors such as flat style, Soviet style, Guangdong style and desktop style. As a symbol of auspiciousness and reunion, moon cakes are entrusted with people's good wishes, and the custom of eating and sending moon cakes has continued to this day.
enjoy a bright full moon
Our country has the custom of offering sacrifices to and appreciating the moon since ancient times. In the Zhou Dynasty, activities of welcoming the cold and offering sacrifices to the moon were held every mid-autumn night. The custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival is very popular in the Tang Dynasty, and many poets have poems about the moon in their masterpieces. By the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was more popular to enjoy the moon. On this day, "your family decorated the pavilions, and the people competed for the restaurant to play with the moon". The activities of enjoying the moon in Yue Bai in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were more extensive. So far, there are many monuments such as "Yue Bai Altar", "Moon Pavilion" and "Moon Tower" in various parts of China. Literati and scholars have a special liking for moon viewing. They either go upstairs to get the moon or go boating to invite the moon, drink wine and write poems, leaving many famous poems. For example, Du Fu's "jathyapple on August 15th" uses the bright moon symbolizing reunion to contrast his wandering worries in a foreign land; Su Shi, a literary giant in the Song Dynasty, was drunk in the Mid-Autumn Festival and wrote "Water Tune Song Tou", which is a metaphor for people's clutch by the lack of the moon. To this day, it is still one of the essential activities of the Mid-Autumn Festival for the whole family to sit together and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the bright moon in the sky.
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