1. 1 iron bar yam halter1.1kloc-0/iron bar yam halter, also known as iron bar yam planting, is a section with buds at the upper end of iron bar yam rhizome. 1. 1.2 When digging iron stick yam in late autumn and early winter every year, choose yam with short neck, full buds, strong and no pests and diseases, and fold the halter, which is 15-20m long and weighs 40-60g. 1. 1.3 Put the folded halter in a ventilated place indoors to dry for a week, or slightly dry it in the sun to heal the cross-sectional wound, and then store it indoors. 1. 1.4 The iron stick yam halter is planted after receiving the seeds, with an interval of 4-6 months. When the indoor temperature is low and it is dry at 0℃, it should be covered with straw and other things to prevent freezing damage. It should be taken out in April of the following year and can be used as seed plants after finishing, and then planted in the completed fields.

1.2 iron stick yam section (planted by boring) 1.2. 1 iron stick yam section can be replaced when the halter is insufficient. 1.2.2 one month before planting, divide the iron stick yam tuber into sections according to 10- 15cm, each section weighing 60-80g. Soak the iron stick yam segment with 1.2.3 times of 50% carbendazim +48% Robam 1000 times for about 30 minutes. 1.2.4 iron stick yam is planted in stages, and the seedling stage is about 15-20 days later. Before planting, it should be buried with wet sand to accelerate germination.

1.3 After 3-4 years' use, the improved varieties of Tiegun yam will be degraded, and the yield and quality will drop obviously, so it is necessary to establish a breeding base for improved varieties. 1.3. 1 thoroughbred breeding, select the iron stick yam bred in Jiaozuo to ensure the quality and authenticity. 1.3.2 Reiyoshi (yam bean) is used for breeding and planting. 1.3.3 Every year in late June 10, when the leaves of Dioscorea opposita become Huang Shi, choose a large, round, harmless and pest-free Reiyoshi, mix it with wet sand, store it indoors in winter, take it out around Tomb-Sweeping Day next year and plant it in the sun.

Land selection and preparation

2. 1 conventional planting techniques 2. 1. 1 Generally, before winter, the new stubble field should be turned deep and aired (do not disturb the soil layer), the planting depth of iron yam should be 80-90cm, and the planting depth should be 40-50cm. 2. 1.2 During the spring soil preparation, 500 kg of high-quality decomposed farm manure, 50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer and 50 kg of high-quality nitrogen and potassium ternary compound fertilizer were applied per mu for soil preparation.

2.2 Ditching planting technology Iron stick yam ditching planting: First, high yield, good quality, high commodity rate and good benefit; Second, the investment is small (250-300 yuan per mu), which saves labor; Third, broaden the choice of soil quality and expand the planting area; Fourthly, widening row spacing is beneficial to field management. 22. 1 furrow planting: generally, the row spacing is 90cm, the ridge depth is 80- 120cm, and the ridge naturally bulges 30-35cm. 2.2.2 Before ditching, set the line, then spread fertilizer on the line, and apply high-quality dry chicken manure 100kg, compound fertilizer 50kg and potassium sulfate 30kg per mu. 2.2.3 Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is strictly prohibited in fertilization.

Start sowing at the right time

3. 1 planting can be carried out when the 5 cm ground temperature is stable at 10℃, usually from April 10 to April 20 every year.

3.2 The planting density is 7000-8000 plants/mu, and the row spacing between plants is lO*70cm. After sowing, cover the soil for 3-5cm, and squat down to moisturize.

3.3 After planting iron stick yam, it is necessary to dig drainage ditches around to communicate with the outer ditches, especially ditching planting is more important to ensure smooth drainage in rainy season, avoid ditch collapse and improve yield and commodity rate.

Tiantuan management

4. 1 scaffolding iron bar yam scaffolding is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, increase production and reduce pests and diseases. Generally, after emergence, the poles can be bundled and erected, with a height of about 1.5 m, one for each plant, and cross-bundled at a place 1- 1.2 m from the ground.

4.2 After intertillage weeding appears, weeding should be done in time to avoid competing with iron yam for nutrients. Shallow weeding can be done in the early stage, and manual weeding is the main method in the later stage.

4.3 timely water the iron bar yam. Water the bottom water once before planting. When the water content is insufficient after planting, a small amount of water can be added to ensure the normal emergence of yam. If possible, it is best to spray irrigation. Yam should be watered with topdressing after the rack is full. Pay attention to watering less before beginning of autumn, and promote the root tuber to be tied well. After beginning of autumn (mid-August), water can be poured once (also stop the water), which is beneficial to the expansion of Tiebang yam. Sprinkling irrigation is used for ridge and furrow planting to prevent ridge and furrow from collapsing.

Prevention and control of pests and diseases

The main diseases that harm yam are anthracnose, stem rot, white astringent disease, nematode disease, black spot disease and so on. Pests are mainly underground pests and sawflies [2]. The key to prevention is prevention first, agricultural measures and chemical control; Minimize the losses caused by pests and diseases.

5. Disinfection of1halter: Before planting, choose a covering head with bright color, firmness, no disease spots and a length of 15-20cm. Before and after germination, it was soaked in 600-fold solution of 50% carbendazim and 48% diluted solution of Loeb 1000-fold solution for about 30 minutes, and then it was taken out and dried to kill nematodes and other germs carried during sowing.

5.2 Field control: After July, a large number of pests and diseases will occur, so it is necessary to carry out pest control work in time. The initial stage of onset is the key period of medication. 5.2. 1 anthracnose, spray with 500-600 times solution of 65% mancozeb or 800 times solution of 700% thiophanate methyl for 2-3 times, with an interval of 7- 10 day each time, to cure white dysentery. 5.2.2 For stem rot, the stems and leaves can be sprayed with 500-800 times of 40% carbendazim solution, and the roots can be irrigated with 400-500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 2-3 times, with an interval of 10 day. In the hot and rainy season, the accumulated water in the field should be eliminated in time and the spraying frequency should be increased. 5.2.3 To control sawflies, pyrethrins should be sprayed at the peak of 1-2 instar larvae.

5.3 30 days before harvesting, it is forbidden to use pesticides. 5.4 In the process of insect control with iron bar yam, it is forbidden to use pesticides that are explicitly prohibited by the state.

Harvesting, processing and storage

6. 1 harvesting time, which can be harvested when the first frost leaves wither or in winter and spring.

6.2 When harvesting, at one end of the iron bar yam field; Dig a ditch 70-80cm deep in the forward direction, then carefully dig out the iron bar yam to prevent damage, remove the soil, break off the halter on it and store it for planting, and process the rest into iron bar yam slices, iron bar yam powder and so on.

6.3 During storage, the iron bar yam halter and the cross section of the finished product are treated with quicklime powder to prevent decay, and stored in a cool and ventilated place at a temperature of 2℃-5℃.

Main character

7.l Appearance (rhizome): The underground rhizome of Tiegun Yam is cylindrical, thin and straight, with a length of 80- 100 cm and a diameter of 2-3 cm. The epidermis is khaki or khaki, the epidermis is smooth with white spots, the fibrous roots are long and dense, the hairy eyes are prominent, the reed head is tapering and long (20 cm -30 cm), and sometimes there are irregular red spots. Pseudo-iron yam has light skin color and sparse and smooth hair eyes.

7.2 Texture: Iron-stick yam has a hard texture, fine cut surface, white color, full powder and less mucus, and cannot be cooked for a long time. The fake iron bar yam is crisp in texture, slightly yellow in section color, and will be scattered by hand.

7.3 Taste: Iron stick yam tastes smooth, slightly sweet, fragrant, used as medicine, not spicy, and not greasy after long-term consumption.

7.4 Stems and leaves: Tiegun yam plants have weak growth potential, few branches, thin stems and vines, right-handed and green; Petiole yellow-green, thinner; Leaf blade heart-shaped, smaller, lobed, yellow-green; Veins are light yellow-green with seven bases.

7.5 Yield: average fresh weight of yam per plant. It is 720 grams, the output of fresh yam. The yield per mu is 2000-3000 kg, and the drying rate is low; The average fresh weight of wen county Tiegun yam rhizome is 365,438 00 g, and the yield of fresh yam per mu is 65,438 0000-65,438 0500 kg, with high drying rate.

7.6 mass content: the water content of Tiegun yam rhizome is 7 1.80%, the total soluble sugar content is 2.46%, the starch content is 19.60%, the crude protein content is 3.59%, the total essential amino acid content is 1.05%, and the total amino acid content is 2.7l%. The overall nutritional quality is better than that of Dioscorea opposita. Its anti-free radical activity is stronger. Compared with common yam. The water content of rhizome is 65438 00.62 percentage points lower, and the soluble total sugar content, starch content, crude protein content, total essential amino acid content and total amino acid content are higher 1.84, 7.33, 65438 0.28 and 0.56, respectively.