Pepper is a small deciduous tree of the family Rutaceae, genus Pepper; the spines on the stem up to 7 meters high often fall early, the branches have short thorns, the leaves have small blades, and the leaf axis often has a very narrow leaf wing; the small blades are opposite, sessile, ovate, elliptic, sparsely lanceolate, located at the top of the leaf axis of the larger, the edge of the leaf is finely lobed with teeth, the teeth of the oil spots. Remainders without or scattered oil dots visible to naked eye, midvein slightly impressed on leaf surface, inflorescences terminal or borne on top of lateral branches, inflorescence rachis and pedicels densely pubescent or glabrous; tepals yellowish-green, roughly uniform in shape and size; female flowers rarely with developing stamens, carpellate, styles obliquely dorsally curved. Fruit purplish red, single schizocarp scattered with slightly raised oil dots, apically with a very short awn tip or absent; flowering in Apr-May, fruiting in Aug-Sep or Oct.

Pepper is native to China, originally born in the Himalayas, and then transplanted along the rivers and streams of China's geographical second order. Distribution in China from the north to the south of the northeast, south to the northern slopes of the Five Ridges, southeast to the coastal belt of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, southwest to southeastern Tibet; Taiwan, Hainan and Guangdong does not produce. Seen in plains to higher elevations of mountains, in Qinghai, on slopes up to 2500 m above sea level, also planted. Drought-resistant, sun-loving, planted everywhere.

Pepper wood for the typical yellowish, exposed to the air in the color slightly dark yellow, heart sapwood difference is not obvious, dense xylem structure, uniform, longitudinal section of the silky luster, the wood has the value of art craft. Peppercorns are used as traditional Chinese medicine and have the effect of warming the middle and moving the qi, driving away cold, relieving pain and killing insects. It is used to treat cold stomach and abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, schistosomes, roundworms and other diseases. It is also used as epidermal anesthetic.

Ancient people believe that the aroma of pepper can ward off evil spirits, some dynasties of the court, with pepper infiltrated into the paint to paste the walls, this house is called "pepper house. Pepper is also an aromatic antiseptic. Pepper is also used as an epidermal anesthetic.

Pepper, also known as: mishui branch, Phi base, Po Wah hot, etc., Latin name: Piper nigrum L belongs to the order Piperaceae, Piperaceae, Piper genus woody climbing vine; stems, branches glabrous, nodes are significantly enlarged, and often produce rootlets. Flowers polygamous, usually monoecious; berries spherical, sessile, flowering from June to October. It grows in tropical areas with an annual precipitation of 2500 mm, with a dry and hot interval in the middle of the growing season, and Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Brazil are the main exporters of pepper. Its seeds contain volatile oil, piperine, crude fat, crude protein and so on. Native to Southeast Asia, it is now widely planted in the tropics. It grows in shaded woods. Slow growing, heat, cold, drought, wind, shear and easy to transplant. Does not tolerate waterlogging. Cultivation soil to fertile sandy loam is preferred, drainage, light needs to be good.

The main treatment: warming the middle, lowering qi, eliminating phlegm, detoxification. Cold phlegm and food accumulation, cold pain in the stomach and abdomen, regurgitation, vomiting water, diarrhea, cold dysentery. And detoxification of food.

Pepper's main ingredient is piperine, also contains a certain amount of aromatic oils, crude protein, crude fat and soluble nitrogen, can dispel fishy, greasy, digestive; pepper's odor can enhance appetite; pepper is warm and hot, cold stomach and abdomen due to cold stomach and abdomen cold pain, intestines, diarrhea has a very good role in relieving the effect of cold and treating wind-cold colds; pepper has an antiseptic and antibacterial effect, and can be antidote to the poison of fish and shrimp meat.