Panopea abrupta
Panopea abrupta is a commercial name for a species of clam called the elegant sea god clam, commonly known as the royal clam, the pipe clam, etc. Panopea abrupta is figuratively known as "the elephant clam" because of its large and fleshy red pipe. Belonging to the mollusc phylum, bivalve, sea roach order, sewing clams, Neptune clams, is a large shellfish clams.
The mussel is native to the United States and Canada's North Pacific coast, with a large individual, fast-growing, delicious flavor, high economic value. At present, the annual production of the United States and Canada is 2,000-3,000 tons, mainly sold to Southeast Asia, with an annual income of 300-400 million U.S. dollars. Among them, 1,000-1,200 tons are sold to China every year, valued at $100-150 million.
Elephant-braided mussels are buried shellfish, living in the sea area of the water temperature of 3-23 ℃ (after 3 years of domestication, can now adapt to the water temperature of 0-25 ℃, the water temperature is lower than 25 ℃, Guangdong can be in the winter and the following spring for the anti-seasonal culture), salinity 27 ‰ -32 ‰, the habitat substrate is mainly sandy mud, the bottom of the sandy mud, the bottom of the sandy mud is mainly sandy mud, the bottom of the sandy mud is mainly sandy mud, the bottom of the sandy mud is mainly sandy mud. Habitat substrate is mainly sandy mud, water depth of 3-18 meters, buried depth and individual size, generally 50-80 meters. Elephant-braided mussel fry in the shell length of 5-10 centimeters when the ability to dive sand is very strong, generally dive only 5 minutes; shell length of 15 centimeters or more that is to lose the ability to creep and dive sand, life-long camp cave life, no longer move.
The first four years of the rapid growth of the mussels, age 1 shell length of 5-6 cm, weighing 36-40 grams; age 2 shell length of 8-10 cm, weighing 200-250 grams; age 3 shell length of 10-12 cm, weighing 400-500 grams; age 4 shell length of 12-15 cm, weighing 500-800 grams. With age, the growth of the shell becomes slower, but the growth of the soft body can still continue, and the life span can be more than 100 years. Elephant-braided mussel meat rate is high, up to 60% -70%, of which the main edible parts of the water pipe muscle, accounting for 30% -35% of the total consumption, per 100 grams of calories 81 kcal, 14.4 grams of protein, 1.3 grams of fat, with a high nutritional value.
Elephant-braided mussels are dioecious, and the annual breeding season is generally in April-July, with the peak season in May-June. Individual spawning volume of 10-20 million, spawning water temperature of 14-17 ℃. Egg diameter is 82 microns, fertilized eggs after 4-5 days, develop into D-shaped larvae (120-130 microns); 10-12 days to develop into shell-topped larvae (1 60-180 microns); 30 days or so the larvae sink, with the metamorphosis, the shell length of 350-400 microns.
The weevil mussel feeds on unicellular algae in seawater, and can also filter feed on sediments and organic debris. The main enemies of the elephant mussel are crabs, starfish, snails and flounder and other fish, the adult mussel inhabits the seafloor and has a strong protective ability.