White pepper is one of the favorite vegetables of many people, so do you know how to grow white pepper? Below is a carefully recommended method of white pepper planting for you, I hope it will help you.
How to Grow White Pepper
1. Growing Conditions
Pepper is a climbing vine that grows in tropical India. It can grow up to 12 feet tall. It produces white or cream-colored flowers beginning in mid-summer. Pepper does not tolerate cold or dry conditions, so if planted outdoors in a 10-11 square foot area, keep it well watered. It will not tolerate temperatures below 60°F.
2. Sowing
Seeds need lots of moisture and very warm soil (75 - 85?F). For best results, soak the seeds for a day to promote germination and soften the seed coat. Seeds should be sown with gentle pressure to the bottom of the soil layer, about one 1/8th of the way up from the soil layer is sufficient. Keep the soil warm and moist while waiting for germination. If planting in areas less than 10 m. When temperatures are below 60°F, peppers can be grown in containers and will winter well indoors.
3. Maintenance
Peppers will do better with partial shade or filtered sunlight. For best results, plant in a location that is moist and humid. Keep it watered.
As a climbing vine, peppers need the support of a lattice, fence or similar structure. When growing in a cooler area, plan carefully to support indoor plants that can be accompanied when necessary.
4. Harvesting
Black, white, green, and red dried peppers can all be harvested from peppers separately. The fruit will have slightly different characteristics depending on when it is collected. With black peppercorns, the fruit can be collected at an early stage of ripening. At this stage of collection the fruits will become white after maturation and drying.
After collection, the fruit can be placed on a screen, dried in the sun for a few days and turned regularly.
5. Saving seeds
? White? Peppers (fruits collected at the end of ripening, plants that have begun to dry) can collect seeds. After drying, store in an airtight container in a dry, cool location in direct sunlight for optimal living.
Pepper planting knowledge(a) Propagation Pepper is mainly propagated in production by plugs, which are called seedlings.
1, the standard of good seedling
Practice has proved that the use of good seedling planting, plant growth fast, early results, high yield, long life. Excellent seedling standards are: length 30-40 cm, 5-7 sections; trailing age of 4-6 months, thickness of 0.6 cm or more; aerial roots are developed, and are all ? Roots? ; the top two sections of the plug each with a branch and 10-15 leaves, axillary buds fully developed; no pests and diseases and mechanical damage. Plants should be strictly selected from good seedlings, for seedlings of pepper garden plants are not foliar disease as the primary condition, and the mother tree should also grow strong. Cutting seedlings half a month before the main vine topping, to be the main vine growth, aging before cutting seedlings. Cutting seedlings is generally combined with plant molding, that is, according to the requirements of the molding cut off the main vine, the main vine is cut off, from top to bottom to untie the rope, carefully take down the main vine to avoid sprains, placed in the shade, and then cut according to seedling standards, the incision should be smooth to prevent rupture. Seedlings should be dipped in water while cutting, graded and nursed or directly planted.
Cutting season, Hainan Island to spring and fall is appropriate, low temperature drought or high temperature dry period should not cut the vine, diseased plants should not cut the vine, so as not to affect the growth of the mother tree and the spread of disease, cut the vine on the day of cloudy days or morning and evening is appropriate, so as to reduce the water loss of the plugs, improve seedling survival rate.
2, nursery
Nursery should choose well-drained, deep sandy loam soil and near the water source of the gentle slope or flat. Close to the sick garden and planted sweet potato, vegetables and other nematodes are not suitable for selection. Nursery land should be ploughed and leveled several times to remove debris and sun after starting the bed. Border height of 25 cm, 1 meter wide, border soil should be fine and flat, nursery around the drainage ditch. Seedlings according to 20 cm row spacing open into a 50 degree angle of the slope, the slope should be pressed, in the slope according to 5-10 cm plant spacing arrangement of seedlings, so that the air roots close to the soil surface, cover the soil pressure, especially under the soil of the lowest two sections should be pressed very tightly, followed by a full of rooting water and shade, shade degree of 90% or so. Afterwards, it should be frequently watered and moisturized, until it is alive. Cultivation of cuttings for about a month can be out of the nursery. The nursery time is very long, has grown the main vine of the seedlings, to be out of the nursery planting, should be cut off too long root system and the main vine (new vine to stay two sections). In the absence of seedlings, 4 strong sections can also be planted.
(B) Pepper garden reclamation and planting
1, garden selection and planning
Pepper is afraid of waterlogging, should be selected gently sloping land, well-drained flat land. The soil should be deep, relatively fertile, slightly acidic, good structure, easy to drain the soil planting. Do not choose low-lying waterlogged, rainy season is easy to be flooded by the river or ditch water to the place and viscous poor permeability of the soil to establish the pepper garden, the slope to 3-5 degrees is appropriate, preferably not more than 10 degrees, pepper requirements for high temperature, in the area of lower temperature should be planted in the sunny slope, in order to minimize the chilling effect. Pepper garden should also be close to the water flow, easy access to solve the irrigation and transportation.
Pepper requires a still windy environment. A pepper garden area should not be too large, generally in 5 acres is appropriate, no or fewer typhoons in the area, the area can be larger, pepper garden is best delineated into a rectangular, east-west direction, around the afforestation or to retain the native forest belt.
Pepper garden should be equipped with a drainage system to exclude stained water. Drainage system from the pepper garden around the ditch and the garden of the longitudinal ditch, small ditch composition. Ditch 1-2 meters from the windbreak, 2.5 meters from the pepper, ditch width 80 cm, 60-80 cm deep; longitudinal ditch every 15 plants or so to set up a, 60 cm wide, 40-60 cm deep; rows set up a small ditch, so that the ditch is connected to each other, in order to facilitate the drainage of the flat land can be ridged, sloping land should be repaired terraced, ridged and terraced wall of the ditch and longitudinal ditch connected to the drought can be blocked ditch impregnation and the use of small ditches for irrigation.
Roads and cesspools set up Roads are composed of dry roads and small roads. The main road is generally located next to the windbreak, is the main road of the pepper garden, outside and highway connection, inside and connected to the road. Paths and cesspools are located next to the pepper garden, each garden to build a cesspool, specifications 3?2?1.5 meters, divided into two compartments.
Afforestation: the main forest belt is located in a relatively high place, perpendicular to the main wind direction, planting trees 5-6 rows, in the wind heavy areas, the protective forest belt should be appropriately widened, the secondary forest belt is perpendicular to the main forest belt, planting trees 3-5 rows. As far as possible to do both wind, cold, transform the small environment, but also conducive to plant growth. Tree species can be a combination of coarse and economic wind-resistant species. Such as Taiwan Acacia and pineapple honey.
Reclamation Reclamation is generally carried out 3 months before planting deep plowing full reclamation, generally plowing depth of 30 cm or more, preferably with a tractor full garden push pine, depth of 70 cm, the head of the tree, roots, stones, debris, etc. to remove the clean, and let the soil is fully exposed to the sun, so that it is weathered. Soil deep plowing, followed by leveling. Sloping land must be highly cultivated terraces, never pull straight line planting. Slope in 5 degrees below the repair of large terraces, ladder width of 5 meters, planting two rows; slope in 5 degrees above the repair of small terraces, ladder width of 2.5 meters, planting a row, ladder face inward tilt, along the inner wall of the terraces to open a small drainage ditch, the flat land can also be planted in a ridge, the use of the ridge drainage. Generally combined with the annual loosening of the soil, soil cultivation, row by row of ridging, the ridge surface into a turtleback shape, the height of the ridge 20-30 centimeters. Digging holes, applying fertilizer and back to the soil Digging holes is to create a suitable growing environment for the root system. Digging should be carried out 2-3 months before planting.
The hole specifications are up and down for the length and width of 80 centimeters, 70-80 centimeters deep, the deeper the hole, the deeper the root growth, the deeper the roots, not easy to drought. The hole up and down the same convenience in the future deep turning soil, applying dry fertilizer. But the water table is high, the hole should not be too deep, in order to reduce water damage. Digging the hole of the topsoil and subsoil placed separately, picking up tree roots, stones and other debris, planting hole fully exposed to 1 month before planting fertilizer and back to the soil, each hole fully rotted, clean, finely crushed fertilizer (which has a cake fertilizer 1 kg, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate) 15-20 kilograms, and the topsoil (fertilizer into the soil into the 3 into the 7 into the soil) fully mixed with Shi under the foot of the tightly. Make a mound, ready for planting.
Planting Planting time should be based on local climatic conditions. In Hainan Island, in addition to winter (December-February), other seasons can be planted. But the rainy season planting is preferable, especially in August-November, the climate is cool, rain, higher survival rate, flower work is also less. Winter temperatures are lower in the region should be planted in the spring, so that the plant has a longer time to grow, conducive to overwintering. Planting should choose cloudy days or sunny evenings are preferred. Too, rainy days, soil humidity is too large when not planted, otherwise the roots and soil tightly stuck together, dry after the knot, resulting in? Dead roots? , new root pumping difficulties, affecting the survival and growth.
Planting density Pepper flowering and fruiting requires sufficient light and sufficient nutrient area, reasonable planting density is an important measure to obtain a good yield. Flat, gently sloping land, pillar height (above ground) 2.6 meters above, can be used 2 meters -2.5 meters spacing, mu planting 133 plants; fertile soil, pillar height of more than 2.8 meters can be planted vegetables, row spacing of 2?3 meters, mu planting 111 plants; poor soil, pillars in the 2.5 meters below the planting can be denser, row spacing of 2?2 meters, mu planting 166 plants.
Planting method The planting direction should be the same as the direction of the terraces or ridges. However, the head of the pepper should not be to the west, in order to avoid the hot sun to hurt the head of the pepper. The planting angle depends on the soil drainage. Generally 45-60 degree angle. Red loam soil layer is deep, strong water permeability, planting angle can be larger, can also be used anti-root (root to the soil surface) planting. Planting in the middle of one side of the planting hole about 10 cm away from the hole wall inserted stick markers or planted on the side of the hole on the pillar, in the planting hole on the mound of soil from the stick markers about 10 centimeters, according to the required angle of the digging?V? small holes, the depth of the seedling depending on the length of the seedlings, by the stick marking of the slope at an angle of 45-60 degrees, 30-40 centimeters wide, and the slope of the slope to be a little compacted. When planting a single seedling, the seedling is placed in the center of the slope against the stick mark; when planting a double seedling, the seedling is placed in the center of the slope against the stick mark. Eight? Zigzag placement, seedling upper end of a section spaced 5 cm, the lower end of the interval of 15 cm, whether planting a single seedling or double seedling to let the seedling upper end of the 1-2 section exposed to the soil surface, in order to prevent the planting of too deep impact on the vines.
When planting the seedling root system close to the slope of the soil, so that its distribution is uniform, natural stretching, one hand fixed seedling, one hand to the fine, loose, moist topsoil, (but should not be too wet), from bottom to top of the seedling cover pressed, gently pulling the seedling can not afford to be moderate, with the seedling on both sides of the seedling has been used to 7 into a small amount of topsoil mixing of rotting organic fertilizers (the same as the same planting holes cast the same) 4-5 kilograms, then And then back to the soil, fill the planting hole, carefully pressed, and then in the direction of the pepper head made in the middle of the pot-shaped soil pocket, soil pocket covered with grass and shade (available mango skips or not easy to fall leaves of the tree branches and leaves) and drenching the root of the water, shade degree of 80-90% is appropriate.
1-2 days after planting a shower, a week after the new roots have grown, the seedlings have been live, the number of showers can be gradually reduced. Planted within a year to maintain shade, do not let the sun sun pepper head, caused by the death of seedlings. One month after planting, if there are dead plants, poor growth plants, foliar disease plants should be pulled out and replanted in a timely manner, so that all the seedlings, the growth of the same. Seedlings draw new vines, should be planted in a timely manner struts and tied vines. In addition, attention should be paid to loosening the soil, covering grass, weeding, shading and so on.
(C) pepper garden management
1, cultivate productive tree type
Tree type is the basis of pepper results, there is a good tree type, in order to achieve higher yields. Productive tree type should have the conditions for: each plant has a robust main vine 8, each main vine branching sequence of about 18, the whole plant branching sequence of 120-150, each branching sequence of fruiting branches, the first production period of 20, the full production period of 30-40, the canopy amplitude of 160-180 centimeters. Each fruiting branch produces one fruit, so the whole plant's fruit yield is more than 5 kilograms. To cultivate such a high-yield tree type, in addition to strengthening the fertilization management of pepper, mainly through the reasonable retention of vines, cutting vines and pruning.
(1) stay vine and cut vine pepper in the natural growth condition, branching less, crown sparse, small fruit surface, low yield. It must be reasonable to cut and stay vine, promote the growth of vine branches, so that the formation of a crown structure of good tree type, in order to lay a good foundation for the production. At present, China's main pepper planting area generally use 4-5 times to cut the vines, leaving the vines 6-8 shaping method. After planting 2-3 years after capping production, higher yield. However, in recent years, due to pepper mosaic disease damage, some pepper garden after cutting vine mosaic disease occurs seriously, resulting in pepper farmers are very afraid of cutting vine. These are not only caused by cutting vines, but the same series of improper management techniques caused by the disease can be avoided or reduced. Plastic pruning methods are as follows;
Pepper planting one month after the start of the new main vine, generally stay vine 2-4, 6-8 months after planting, most of the plant vine length up to 1-2 meters when the first cut vine. In 15-20 cm from the ground (2-6 sections) at the cut vine, retaining 1-2 layers of branches, about 20 days, cut the vine has grown a new vine, each vine selected to stay under the incision 2-3 sections of the new vine length of 2, the whole plant **** to stay in the new vine 4-8. If the planting of the seedling quality is poor, the new vine branching site is too high, more than 40 centimeters before branching, cut the vine should be pressed after the vine.
The second, third and fourth cuts should be made when the new vines are more than 1 meter high. Each time you cut the vine in the previous incision on about 3 sections of the cut vine, each time you cut the vine will grow a number of new vines, when the new vines grow 1-2 sections of the new vine should be selected to stay under the incision of the new vines, each vine to stay 1-2, the whole plant **** 8.
The fifth cut, but also the last cut, should be in the second layer of new vines (cross-layer) branching above the cut. Leave the same as last time. After cutting vines to wait for the new vine growth more than 30 cm pillar will be several main vines to the top of the center of the branch column close, in order to cross each other tied, which is called the top. And then in the cross point 3-5 sections (no branches of the empty section) will be cut off the main vine, so that it gradually formed a garden column tree type.
In addition, in the case of not seedling, after the first and second cut plants, whenever the new vine grows to 40-50 cm, from the previous incision on the top of the 5 or so knots, 5-6 consecutively, until the seal, which is called the multiple topping method, which can accelerate the topping, the formation of the tree type, early production.
The last cut trails should be calculated for topping time. In Hainan Island, generally 6-8 months before the flower, the climate of the region can be longer. So that after cutting the vine there is enough good time to make the new branch growth, accelerate the formation of tree and branch aging, so that the upper and lower fruit branches of the plant evenly, can improve the yield of the first production period.
Vine cutting should be carried out in the spring and fall rainy season. Do not cut vines in the hot and dry season and pepper garden plague. In the high temperature and rainy, long growing period of the region, you can cut vines 3-4 times a year, the temperature is lower, shorter growing period of the region, you can cut vines 2-3 times a year.
(2) The purpose of pruning is to cut off branches that have no economic value, in order to concentrate nutrients, promote healthy growth, accelerate the formation of the crown, while making the plant ventilation and light, branch distribution uniform, conducive to flowering and fruiting, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also to facilitate management.
Young pepper nutrient growth, every year a lot of sprouting vines, in addition to the main vine should be retained, the excess buds, vines should be combined with shaping, tying vines, timely excision. However, from the new vines drawn from the nodes of the vines of the long branching sequence, a node with a branch can be retained to increase the number of branching sequences. Fruiting plants will also be a large number of internal and top of the new vine, these new vines consume a lot of plant nutrients, resulting in canopy depression, affecting ventilation and light, should be removed in a timely manner at the time of sprouting. However, in the absence of branching order of the trailing section of the new trailing, also stay a section with a branch, fill the empty space, increase the fruit surface.
Remove? The first step is to remove the branches of the graft. and branches near the ground. The two branches brought by the original seedling are called? The first two branches of the original seedling are called the "grafting branches". In the early stage after planting, it can shade the head of the pepper, avoiding sunlight to burn the main vine. However, in the later stage, it will cause high humidity in the head of the pepper, affecting the ventilation and light transmission, and inducing the occurrence of plague,? Grafting branch? Growth is too exuberant (also affects the growth of above-ground branches, delaying the formation of the tree), but also not conducive to the control of pests and diseases and management, should be the second cut trailing before the premise of the sun does not sun, the grafting branch gradually cut off. In the soil viscosity of the flat, in the last cut trailing before should gradually cut the ground 20 cm below the old branches, so that the pepper head ventilation and light. However, the drier areas, poor water retention of the soil, the pillar is too short pepper garden, pruning parts should not be too high. Results of pepper top crown too large branches too dense, must be the top of the old and weak branches and long branches cut off, peripheral long branches cut off, to maintain the balance of the crown up and down, the size of the same and ventilation and light, so that it is fully utilized light energy, reduce the occurrence of disease. Pruning should be carried out in the spring and winter dry season.
2, tie vine, flower, leaf, shade
(1) tie vine small and medium-sized peppers should be tied in time, so that the sucking root developed and firmly adsorbed on the pillar. Tying is 1-2 months after planting, the new vine grows 3-4 sections when the start. Tying is done every 10-15 days. The first time you tie the vines, adjust the new vines according to the orientation of the seedling, sequentially tied to the pillar, the vines can not be crossed. Use soft hemp or plastic rope to tie several main vines to the pillars under the nodes of the vines. When tying the main vines in a circle, one hand to pull the rope tight, one hand to adjust and tighten the main vines, so that the vines section close to the pillar, adjusted and then pull the rope tightly tied. Adjustment is to put the vines on the four sides of the pillar, evenly distributed and tightly attached to the pillar. It is best to tie the vines so that the nodes are tightly attached to the pillars, so as to grow well-developed aerial roots. After cutting the vines, replace them with firmly tied plastic strings and tie the main vines under the cut. Fruit-bearing plants are tied every 40-50 centimeters with firm ropes. Every year thereafter, before the arrival of the typhoon season, strengthen the inspection, found that the tying rope is damaged, should be replaced in a timely manner, in order to prevent the main vine loose fall and twist.
Tying vines should be done as follows:
① Tying vines in a timely manner, the tightness should be moderate. Older vines should be tied tighter, young vines should not be tied too tight, so as not to affect the growth.
② To adjust the main vine straight, avoid crossing, evenly configured in the four sides of the pillar. Each side of the two, in the back pepper head side, that is, to change the orientation of the column, the distance between the main vines should be wider (leave the road), in order to replace the pillar in the future.
③ Tie trails do not tie the branches to the column, the branches should be adjusted according to the layer order height, to prevent the branches from crossing each other and squeezing, affecting the outward stretch.
④ The old vine, young vine should be tied separately. First tie the old vine, then tie the young vine.
⑤ After the rain or in the morning, the water content of the young vine is high, it is easy to break, tie the vine to be careful, to prevent twisting the branch and break the main vine.
(2) flower picking Pepper can bloom and bear fruit all year round. Small and medium-sized pepper in the top before, generally do not let the results, must be timely flower picking, to avoid the consumption of nutrients. However, in order to improve earnings, two-year-old plants, the crown of 120 cm or more, the lower part of the plant can be appropriately retained flower spikes, so that the results, the yield of a single plant should not be more than 1.5 kilograms, and to strengthen the management of fertilization, to ensure that the normal growth of the plant. Resulting pepper, in Hainan Island generally stay in the fall flowers, lower temperature places generally stay in the spring flowers, summer flowers. The rest of the season spawned flower spikes are removed in a timely manner.
(3) leaf picking small and medium-sized pepper should be tied to the main vine and branch base of the old leaves removed, so that the canopy internal ventilation and light, conducive to the growth of plants and facilitate the management and control of pests and diseases. Fruiting plants in the fruit after the release of flowers before a month, vigorous plants, dense branches and leaves, can be appropriate to remove the branches of the old leaves, can also be used 40-60PPM ethylhexyl solvent to remove the old leaves, can promote the flowering and fruiting, improve yields, but too much leaf picking or defoliation, will be stripped of the weak potential, resulting in a reduction in yield. The general fruit and leaf ratio is 1:3, that is, three leaves to raise a spike of fruit is more appropriate.
(4) shade Young pepper is afraid of the sun and high temperature, shade is particularly important in the hot season. Shade some at the top of the pillar paved coconut leaves, some paved plastic nets, this is good, but it is not easy to get material, high cost. Some of the manzankee inverted tied to the middle of the pillar, like a hat, so that the material is easy, low cost, can also play a role in some shade. In addition to the small pepper with mango skip shade pepper head, small and medium pepper dog skin plaster to send the graft branch reversed to cover the pepper head, but also to play a role in sun protection.
3, fertilization
Pepper annual growth and flowering and fruiting, need a lot of nutrients, must be based on the different growth and development of pepper plants on the need for nutrients during the period of soil and climate conditions and fertilizer performance of reasonable fertilization. To meet the needs of the pepper on the nutrients, in order to accelerate the growth of high-yield and stable production.
Young pepper fertilization Young pepper fertilization should be more nitrogen-containing fast-acting water-based fertilizers, with late-effect organic fertilizers and a small amount of chemical fertilizers, the implementation of the diligent application of thin application of the principle of the growth of the peak season more application.
20 days after planting, the plant resumed normal growth, began to apply 0.5% compound water fertilizer, 3 kg per plant, and then every 20 days to apply thinly rotted human and animal feces and urine and green composted water fertilizer, a pepper can be directly applied to the pepper head, each quart of water fertilizer to apply 16 plants. Two-year-old pepper every 20-30 days to apply water fertilizer, in the plant pepper head front and both sides of the 3 sides of the wheel ditch, each quart of water fertilizer 8-12 plants. Three-year-old pepper once a month, in the pepper head front, opposite and both sides of the four sides of the round application, each quart of 6 plants, fertilizer concentration can also increase some. Plants after each cutting and three-year-old pepper each fertilizer are added compound fertilizer 0.1-0.05 kg, fertilizer hole dry sprinkled in the fertilizer ditch. Before the onset of winter plus the application of potassium sulfate 0.05 kg. Young peppers every 2 months sprayed with high potassium content of a variety of elements of foliar fertilizer once, can also be combined with insect prevention and insecticide spraying together.
Low temperature, high ground temperature, soil drought are not suitable for fertilization, and the soil is too wet after the rain is also not suitable for fertilization.
It is important to dig a good fertilizer ditch. In addition to the age of 1 can be directly applied to the pepper head, 2, 3-year-old pepper are dug in all directions of the plant ditch wheel ditch Shi, 2-year-old plant leaf edge from the pepper head 20-40 cm away from the ditch, the age of 3 pepper in the leaf edge from the pepper head 30-50 cm away from the ditch, fertilizer ditch length of about 80 cm, about 5-10 cm deep, in order to fertilize the fertilizer does not flow out of the fertilizer ditch for the right amount of fat, fertilizer ditch must be horizontal, and can never be high side of the side of the low so that the fertilizer can be evenly spread throughout the fertilizer ditch. evenly spread in the fertilizer ditch, otherwise it is easy to cause fertilizer damage. Fertilizer dry immediately after the cover soil or cover grass, such as cover grass, fertilizer ditch to dig deeper, about 15-20 cm.
In addition, red loam soil planting pepper, young pepper is generally not suitable for chemical nitrogen fertilizer.
The age of the pepper should be applied 1-2 times a year organic dry fertilizer. It is appropriate to apply in the spring or late fall. Do not apply dry fertilizer in the rainy season or hot dry season, in the pepper head front and both sides of the wheel ditch. One-year-old pepper in 6-8 months after planting, in the front of the pepper head ditch application. From the pepper head 50 cm at the ditch, so that the fertilizer ditch and planting hole connected. 2-3-year-old pepper on both sides of the plant dug ditch Shi, fertilizer ditch from the pepper head 40 cm, so that the fertilizer ditch and planting hole and the previous fertilizer ditch connected. The specifications of the fertilizer ditch is 80-100 cm long, 30 cm wide, 70-80 cm deep, fertilizer ditch up and down the same specifications, that is, the same size. Organic fertilizer requires fully rotted, clean, finely chopped, mixed. Each application of about 25 kg of organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer 1-1.5 kg, calcium phosphate 1-1.5 kg, when applying 3 into the ratio of fertilizer into 7 into the soil mixed and applied to the fertilizer ditch pressure. In the fertilizer back to the soil and ground level, each fertilizer ditch sprinkle compound fertilizer 0.05 kg, and then back to the soil, and slightly higher than the ground, in order to prevent the fertilizer hole sinking water stains. Application of organic fertilizer should be completed before the pepper plant tops and releases flowers. In the hot dry season and rain when the soil is too wet, should not apply fertilizer.
Fertilization of fruit trees should be based on nitrogen and potassium. According to the nutritional growth of pepper plants and flowering and fruiting of each climatic period of the need for nutrients. Each fruit cycle fertilizer 4-5 times, not only to meet the needs of the plant flowering and fruiting, but also to maintain a good tree, so that the plant vigorously, in order to high yield and stable production. Hainan's experience in the main planting areas of the annual amount of fertilizer per plant is roughly as follows: 30 kg of cow dung compost, water fertilizer (animal and human feces and urine compost) 50 kg, 0.25 kg of urea, 1 kg of calcium superphosphate or calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1 kg, 0.4 kg of potassium sulphate, 1 kg of compound fertilizer.
Every reapplication of flower attack fertilizer: this fertilization has an important role in promoting flowering and fruiting. Generally in the picking fruit after a month of rain through the soil, most of the plants in the middle of the branch side buds have sprouted, we should timely fertilization. The time is about the middle and end of August. The amount of fertilizer accounted for about 1/3 of the annual dosage, 15 kg of rotted organic fertilizer per plant, calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0.5 kg, 10-20 kg of water fertilizer, cake fertilizer 0.5 kg (composted fertilizer or mixed with organic fertilizer heap), 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.15-0.2 kg of urea, potassium sulphide 0.15 kg. Dig on both sides and behind the plant? Horseshoe-shaped? Ring ditch cast down, fertilizer ditch 15 cm from the crown, 20 cm wide, 15 cm deep. The first application of water fertilizer, water fertilizer dry after the application of compound fertilizer, followed by the application of organic fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride applied on top of the organic fertilizer after covering the soil. Calcium superphosphate mixed with organic fertilizer.
The second auxiliary attack on the flower fertilizer: about a month after the first application of fertilizer, to supplement the plant growth and flowering spike needs, 10 kg of water fertilizer per plant, such as the plant draws new leaves small, short flower spike, plus 0.15 kg of urea per plant.
The third fruit fertilizer: 2 months after the second fertilization, to meet the needs of fruit growth and development. This time the fertilizer is mainly nitrogen and potassium. 10 kg of water fertilizer per plant, 0.25 kg of soybean cake (compost fertilizer), 0.25 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.15 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of potassium sulfide, 0.1 kg of magnesium fertilizer. The second and third fertilization is in the first fertilizer ditch above or outside the edge of the wheel ditch shallow, first water fertilizer, after fertilizer. After this fertilization, you can also apply fire soil, 10-15 kg per plant or grass ash 2-3 kg, in the soil surface along the crown of the tree, shallow loosening of the soil after application.
The fourth time to raise fruit and tree fertilizer; March-April of the following year. Fewer results, vigorous plants, you can not apply or less and late application, more results, stop pumping new shoots should be more early application. Generally per plant, apply 20-30 kg of cow dung or compost, 1 kg of calcium-magnesium phosphate, 0.1-0.15 kg of potassium chloride, 0.25 kg of soybean cake (mixed with cow dung), 0.2-0.3 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of urea. Rotate the holes behind the plants, on both sides and between the four plants. Dig holes 80 centimeters long, 30 centimeters wide and 30-40 centimeters deep. The first application of organic fertilizer, in the ratio of 4:6 and topsoil mixed with the application of the next back to the soil, when the hole is almost filled, before the application of a variety of chemical fertilizers, and then continue to return to the soil pressure. The results of more than one, poor plants have to apply more than one water fertilizer, 10 kilograms per plant, 0.1 kilograms of urea.
In addition, pepper plant growth needs of trace elements, can be applied by the method of extra-root fertilizer. Fine loamy soil areas combined with loosening the soil, spreading lime 0.5 kg per plant, increase calcium fertilizer and neutralize soil acidity, pepper growth and results are beneficial.
Pepper fertilizer should pay attention to some of the problems
(1) pepper fertilizer should be organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer as a supplement, the two used in conjunction. Organic fertilizer is required to be fully decomposed, clean, fine, and should be mixed with the topsoil in proportion. Calcium superphosphate is best mixed with organic fertilizer, the best fruit trees with calcium magnesium phosphate, other chemical fertilizers dry application. Salted fish and other fertilizers containing some more generally should not be applied.
(2) in the small pepper garden a few growth is relatively poor plants to apply more organic fertilizer, deep turning to change the soil, diligent application of water and fertilizer, so that the pepper garden plant growth balance. Fertilization of fruiting plants, vigorous plants, to properly control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, more potassium, phosphorus fertilizer, on the contrary, poorer plants, more nitrogen fertilizer, which is conducive to flowering and fruiting.
(3) After applying flower attacking fertilizer, such as bad weather, such as rain less blooming very little, or flowers were blown off by the typhoon not much left, should be sporadic flower spikes removed, re-applied flower attacking fertilizer, to promote re-flowering.
(4) rainy days when the soil humidity is high, generally should not fertilize, there is a plague occurs also do not fertilize to prevent soil crusting and spread disease.
(5) high soil temperature, soil drought are not fertilizer.
(6) Each time you apply fertilizer, the whole pepper garden should be dug in the same direction trench Shi, to avoid leakage or reapplication.
Drainage and irrigation: pepper is afraid of waterlogging. In the rainy season, the water level of the pepper garden rises or accumulates water, which can cause water damage and plague, causing a large number of plant deaths. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job of drainage in the pepper garden. Every year before the rainy season comes, we should carefully check, repair and dredge the drainage ditch. When it rains heavily, the water found on the ground in the pepper garden should be removed in a timely manner. In the dry season, the lack of soil moisture affects the normal growth and flowering and fruiting of pepper, or even die. Therefore, in the dry season should be timely irrigation, the best use of sprinkler irrigation, planting beds, can also be furrow irrigation. Furrow irrigation water level can not start over 2/3 of the ridge, let it slowly penetrate. When using artificial watering, it is appropriate to pick a good since first? Water bucket?
Soil management
Soil loosening: young pepper garden after winter and spring in the plant each deep loosening of the soil once, after the rain and fertilizer shallow loosening of the soil, so that the soil is loose and aeration, water retention and storage, in order to facilitate the growth of young pepper. The results of the pepper garden in the winter of each year and the attack flower fertilizer for the whole garden loosening once. First in the canopy around the shallow pine, and then gradually to the periphery of the canopy between the rows of deep loosening depth of 15-20 centimeters. Loosening the soil should be large pieces of soil slightly broken, and combined with the maintenance of terraces and pepper ridge.
Soil cultivation: can improve the soil, conducive to the growth of the root system, to avoid pepper head waterlogging, reduce the occurrence of disease. Therefore, it is an effective measure to prevent disease and prolong the economic life of pepper, every year or every other year in the winter and spring soil cultivation once. Each 1-2 quarts of soil per plant, soil first remove the dead branches and leaves under the crown, and then the fertile topsoil evenly cultivated in the pepper head and under the crown.
Mulching: Practice has proven that mulching has obvious effects on the growth and yield increase of pepper plants. Where available, young pepper gardens and drought-prone fruiting pepper gardens can be mulched with coco coir, straw, thatch, dried weeds and leaves at the beginning of the dry season, but attention should be paid to fire prevention.
Weeding: must be based on the growth of weeds, timely eradication. Generally 1-2 months hoeing once, can also use chemical herbicides weed control, such as glyphosate, Nonda, etc., can be extinguished in the pepper garden incense and thatch and so on.
The efficacy of pepper1. Treatment of scrotal eczema: pepper ten. Research into powder, add 2000 milliliters of water, boil. External washing of the affected area, twice a day.
2. Treatment of windworm toothache: pepper, wicker and other points. For the end, wax pills, hemp seeds. Use one pill each, plug the cavity hole.
3. Treatment of windworm guest cold, three kinds of toothache, moaning more than: pepper nine, mung beans eleven, cloth wrapped broken, wrapped in silk as a grain, the affected area to bite, salivation and spit away.
4. Frostbite: pepper 10%, 90% white wine. Pepper soaked in white wine, seven days after the filter use. Coated in frostbite, once a day.
5. Treatment of centipede bites: pepper, powdered dressing ten pills.
6. Treatment of cholera and diarrhea: pepper forty-nine, mung beans one hundred and forty-nine. Research well, papaya soup to serve one cent.