1. 1, Nursing of Abnormal Urination. Record the water inflow and water outflow in detail. Children with enuresis wake up regularly at night to urinate. Clean the perineum twice a day, and the baby needs to change diapers in time. Provide enough drinking water for children who drink too much to prevent dehydration.
1.2 to prevent infection. Wash your hair and bathe regularly to keep your skin clean. Cut your nails often to avoid skin scratches, stab wounds and other injuries. Do perineal care well to prevent urinary tract infection. If infection has occurred, it needs to be treated with antibiotics to avoid infection causing or aggravating ketoacidosis.
1.3, correct medication. Diabetes requires lifelong medication, behavioral intervention and diet management, which brings great mental burden to children and parents. Whether the treatment plan can be adhered to and correctly implemented is the key to the success or failure of treatment and nursing.
2. Dietary care for children with diabetes.
Give a low-sugar diet according to the doctor's advice or provide a diet according to the nutritionist's requirements. Daily heat requirement = 1000+ (age × 80 ~ 100). Heat distribution: carbohydrate accounts for 50%, protein accounts for 20% and fat accounts for 30%. The daily calories are divided into three meals, namely 1/5, 2/5 and 2/5, and a small amount of food is reserved for each meal as a snack. Record the eating situation in detail. The principle of diet control is to maintain normal weight, reduce blood sugar fluctuation and maintain normal blood lipid.
3. Psychological care of children with diabetes.
Childhood diabetes is a lifelong disease. The purpose of treatment is to prevent ketoacidosis and long-term complications, so that children can grow up healthily. After the child is diagnosed with diabetes, he should control his diet and often take blood tests. Inject insulin regularly every day, and the child may refuse to cooperate. Parents should fully love and care for their children, try their best to help them overcome possible psychological problems such as inferiority and pessimism, and encourage them to enhance their confidence and fight against diseases.
4. Exercise care for diabetic children.
Exercise is of great significance to children with diabetes. Exercise can balance calories, control weight and promote cardiovascular function. The energy source is mainly provided by fat metabolism and muscle glycogen decomposition. Exercise increases the sensitivity of muscles to insulin, thus improving the utilization rate of glucose and helping to control blood sugar.
Common symptoms of diabetes in children
1, suffering from acute onset. About13 children had a history of fever and upper respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract or skin infection before onset. Drinking too much, urinating too much, eating too much is easy to get hungry, but weight loss, emaciation is obvious, fatigue and listlessness. Infantile enuresis occurs after they can control their urination, which is often an early symptom of diabetes.
2, related to diet. Overeating is not an inevitable symptom of patients, and some children have normal or decreased appetite. Weight loss or emaciation is rapid, and fatigue and listlessness are also common. If you have polydipsia, polyuria, vomiting, nausea, anorexia or abdominal pain, diarrhea and leg pain, you should consider diabetic ketoacidosis. Fever, cough and other respiratory infections or skin infections, vaginal itching and tuberculosis can coexist with diabetes.
3. The typical symptoms of "three more and one less" are often more urgent. Most patients may get sick due to infection, emotional excitement or improper diet, and have symptoms such as excessive drinking, polyuria, overeating and weight loss, all of which are called "three more and one less" IDDM symptoms. However, the baby is not easy to be found because of excessive urination and drinking, and soon dehydration and ketoacidosis occur. Due to the increase of nocturia, infants may suffer from enuresis.
How to prevent childhood diabetes
1. Newborns and infants do not eat milk in the early stage. Some studies have found that the incidence of type I diabetes in newborns fed with milk is high, which may be related to the fact that black and white milk stimulates children to produce bovine serum antibodies. Therefore, it is best to breast-feed the newborn baby.
2. Urge children to exercise actively. Obesity is a high risk factor for diabetes, so exercise is very important to prevent diabetes. Regular participation in appropriate sports activities can help children lose weight and enhance cardiovascular function.
3, eat more "miscellaneous" food. It is best to ensure that you eat one kind of fruit or vegetable every meal, and change the pattern every day, or cook in different ways. First of all, we should adjust our diet to avoid excessive energy intake.
4. Eat less snacks. In order to prevent childhood obesity and diabetes, we should learn to eat snacks correctly. Prepare a small amount or small package of snacks in advance to prevent the baby from unconsciously eating. The number of times you eat snacks should be controlled within 3 times a day, not too many times.