The ancestors of the Penglai, Jimo, Yantai and Quan families in the Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong were originally military households who moved to Haiphong after fighting in Yunnan

Searching on the map, we found that in Yantai and Yantai of the Jiaodong Peninsula, Within the scope of Weihai and Qingdao, only three villages whose names begin with the character Quan were found. One is Quanjia Village in Pingdu, Qingdao, and the remaining two are in Fushan District of Yantai City, named Quanjia and Quanjiashan respectively. Nowadays, there are quite few people with the surname Quan in Quanjia Village in Pingdu (a few scattered households); while there are still many people with the surname Quan in Quanjia and Quanjiashan Villages in Fushan. In other counties and cities except Pingdu and Fushan, there are not many records about Quan's surname.

Quanjia Village and Quanjiashan Village in Fushan, Yantai are both located in Zhanggezhuang Town. According to the Records of Place Names of Fushan District, the village was built earlier in Quanjiashan. According to legend, during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the two surnames Quan and Wang successively moved here from "Yunnan" to build villages. Because the village was surrounded by mountains, the Quan family was prosperous. Ming Quan Family Mountain. The surname Quan in Quanjia Village was derived from Quanjiashan in the mid-Ming Dynasty. In addition to this branch of the Quan family, the Quan surname is also distributed in the adjacent Wenjia Village and Fushan Chengguan.

Baidu Quanjia Village, Liaolan Town, Qingdao City, Shandong Province: In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370), the Jiaodong Peninsula flooded, and the South China Sea and the North Sea became one. After the flood, the government immigrated, and Quan Ping, the founder of the surname Quan Nan moved from Yunnan to build a village and named it Quanjiacun.

Quan Pingnan, as the name suggests, was renamed because of the Yunnan rebellion. During the War of Liberation and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, many soldiers changed their names to show their determination.

In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, in order to defend against Japanese pirates, the imperial court realized that "Denglai has three important coastal areas, and Jiao is the most important" ("Lingshan Wei Zhi"), so it set up densely populated areas on both sides of Jiaozhou Bay. There are a large number of guard posts, including Fushan Guard and Aoshan Guard to the east of the bay, and Lingshan Guard to the west of the bay. One east and one west forms a horn to control the Jiaozhou Bay coastal defense.

In the early Ming Dynasty, there were a large number of immigrants from Yunnan in Qingdao area. These immigrants were neither Yunnan's indigenous Han people nor ethnic minorities, but Han sergeants and their families who were sent by Zhu Yuanzhang to conquer Yunnan.

According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", in September of the 14th year of Hongwu (1381), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Fu Youde, Lan Yu, and Mu Ying to conquer Yunnan with 130,000 troops. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu's reign, the entire territory of Yunnan was pacified, and Mu Ying was ordered to lead the army to guard the area, set up guards, station sergeants, and set up military garrison for reclamation. Since then, many enlisted soldiers have settled in Yunnan. Quan Qilong, the founder of the Quan family in Wenshan, Yunnan, settled there, but not all of them settled there. They came one after another, and some stayed for a few years and then moved to the Jiaozhou Peninsula in Shandong to garrison and guard the coast. This is The origin of the Quan family in Jiaodong today. Judging from the information on the branches, the ancestors of the Quan family who conquered the south were still immigrants from Dahuaishu, Shanxi to the Central Plains. Therefore, they can also be said to be immigrants from Dahuaishu.

(1) When it comes to immigrants from Yunnan, due to the lack of records in historical records and the unexamined origins, many unsolvable mysteries are not only not recorded in historical chronicles, but also not covered in contemporary local chronicles. Due to customary sayings, many people lump all Yunnan immigrants in Qingdao under the big locust tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province. Almost all of the 5 cities and 7 districts under the jurisdiction of Qingdao today have immigrants from Yunnan. The only difference is the number. According to relevant historical records, among the more than 1,000 villages in Jimo City, about 225 were established by immigrants from Yunnan Province. For example, the "Shan Family Genealogy" written by Shan Jiatuan of Duancun Town states: "In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), the Shan family moved from Fengyi County, Yunnan to the east and north of Duancun to establish a village." Fengyi County belonged to Dali Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty and was established There was Erhaiwei, which was changed to Fengyi County in the late Qing Dynasty. Because the genealogy was compiled in the late Qing Dynasty, the name Fengyi County was used. Another example is the Li surname in Niuqibu, Huashan Town. He moved from Weining Prefecture in Yunnan Province to establish a village in the second year of Yongle. By the Qing Dynasty, the prefecture had been affiliated with Guizhou Province, and his genealogy was compiled in the Qing Dynasty, so his family name was recorded as Guizhou. Weining County, Dading Prefecture, Province. Among the more than 800 natural villages in Jiaozhou City, 112 were founded by immigrants from Yunnan. Among them, the 16 villages built in the second year of Hongwu obviously have nothing to do with Yunnan immigrants, because Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to conquer Yunnan in the fifteenth year of Hongwu. Before that, Yunnan was ruled by the Liang King and Dali Kingdom who were granted the title of Yuan Dynasty. It was impossible to send troops to Yunnan. Shandong immigrants. Most of the remaining 80 villages were military households who came to Jiaozhou for reclamation during the Yongle period. Among the 1,104 natural villages in Jiaonan City, 349 were founded by immigrants from Yunnan. Among them, 51 villages founded in the second year of Hongwu were definitely not immigrants from Yunnan. The remaining nearly 200 villages were mostly concentrated in several coastal towns.

There are no statistics on the Yunnan immigrants in Pingdu City. We only know that many military camps were set up in this area at Dasongwei, Aoshanwei and Fushan in the early Ming Dynasty. Most of them were concentrated in the south and east of Pingdu. Among the 143 natural villages in Huangdao District, 23 were founded by immigrants from Yunnan. Most of the Yunnan immigrants in these villages were related to the fortification of Lingshan Guards in the early Ming Dynasty. More than half of the existing or abolished villages in the four districts of Qingdao - Shinan, Shibei, Sifang and Licang - were founded by Yunnan immigrants or later moved here. For example, Qingdao Village, Huiqian Village, Tianjia Village, and Xinjiazhuang in Shinan District; Yangjia Village, Jialinggou, and Buxi Village in Shibei District; Yanjiashan in Sifang District, Li in Xiangli Village, and Hudao The surname Wang in the village, the surname Cao in Shalingzhuang, the surname Wang in Baoer Village, and the surname Yuan in Hexi Village are all immigrants from Yunnan. More than half of the villages in Licang District were founded by immigrants from Yunnan.

Among the Ming Dynasty garrison walls in Qingdao, Jimo Xiongya is relatively intact, and most of the rest are no longer traceable. There are not many traces of the fortress in Lingshan Guard today. Only in some place names, there are still You can see the dust of history.

(2) Yunnan immigrants are mostly distributed in the coastal areas of Qingdao. Such as Jinkou Town, Tianheng Town and Wenquan Town on the eastern coast of Jimo, and Wangtai Town, Hongshiya Town, Lingshanwei Town and Yinzhu Town in Jiaonan. Especially around the coast of Jiaozhou Bay, the villages of Yunnan immigrants are more densely populated, and most of them rely on Japanese guards and shelters. Wanggezhuang in Laoshan District is close to "Aoshanwei". There are 34 villages where Yunnan immigrants live, accounting for one-third of the total villages. Sino-Korea in Laoshan District is close to the "Fushan Beiyu Thousand Households". Among the 40 villages here, 30 were founded by Yunnan immigrants. The ancestral origin of the Yunnan immigrants is no longer known, and most of those who have been verified are from Usawei. "Wei" is a military unit in the Ming Dynasty. The seat of Usa Wei is today's Weining County, Guizhou Province. According to the record in the "Usakao" in the appendix of "Dengzhou Prefecture": "In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court transferred a large number of Han sergeants and military households from Usawei to Shandong. They went to Chongqing by land and took a boat ride. The Three Gorges flows down the river to Yangzhou in Jiangsu, then turns north to Huaiyin, abandons the boat and travels by land, passing through Ganyu, Zhucheng and Jiaozhou to various places in Jimo. "The so-called Yunnan immigrants came to Shandong by boat refers to this. . There are similar records in the "Xiao Genealogy" of Xiaojia Village in Chengyang District. Some immigrants from Yunnan did not arrive directly in the Qingdao area. For example, the Hu surname in Liuting Village in Chengyang District and the Du surname in Baibu Village both moved from Wusawei, Yunnan to Qingzhou, and then from Qingzhou. The people with the surname Xu in Wuyixiang Village, Laoshan District, moved from Kunshan, Yunnan to Xujiahui, Shanghai, and then went north to establish a village in Laoyuxiang, Laoshan. The Yunnan immigrants in Gumiaotou Village, Chengyang District, moved from Zhucheng.

(3) The immigrants from Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty contributed greatly to the economic prosperity and social development of Qingdao. In particular, the deeds of soldiers and civilians working side by side to cultivate land and guard the border, share the same hatred of the enemy, and defend the coastal defenses, wrote the history of Qingdao in the Ming Dynasty. The most shining page. In the early Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates invaded Qingdao seven times, making the people of Qingdao miserable. Starting from the 21st year of Hongwu (1382), guards and posts were set up along the coast of Qingdao, and military villages and forts were scattered all over the place, forming an impregnable Great Wall on the sea. The Japanese pirates did not dare to invade easily and fled to the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian. . The people with the surname Zhang from Xiaozhaizi Village in Chengyang District moved from Wusawei, Yunnan. In their genealogy, it is recorded that brothers Zhang Hui and Zhang Qing held military positions in Aoshanwei and Fushan respectively, and guarded Haiyu respectively. . In the "Shao Genealogy" of Dacun, Liucun Town, Jimo City, it is also recorded that the Shaw brothers came to Shandong from Usawei, Yunnan. Due to the large number of immigrants from Yunnan who settled in the Ming Dynasty, the population size of Qingdao area expanded rapidly. According to the newly compiled "Jimo County Chronicle", more than 70,000 military households moved in during the Ming Dynasty alone due to the establishment of Wei, Suo and military camps. The abundant population resources not only promoted the development of social productivity, but also laid the foundation for the social prosperity of Qingdao during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The ancestors of Yunnan immigrants in Qingdao are farmers who followed Zhu Yuanzhang in the uprising, and most of their ancestral homes are Anhui, Jiangsu and other places. These immigrants brought their traditional culture and folk customs, which were combined with the local culture in Qingdao to form a unique regional culture. Some dialects and folk customs in the Qingdao area are very similar to those in the Jianghuai area. For example, pickles are called "salted" in northern Jiangsu, while radish pickles in Qingdao are called "hanging" (pronounced in dialect as "hanging") because they are hung up to dry. "Guardnut"). Another example is the folk Yangko flower drums in Jiaodong, which have the charm of Fengyang flower drums in Anhui. Due to the special experience and situation of immigrants from Yunnan, it gradually influenced and formed the folk customs of honesty, friendliness, good-neighborliness, and frugality in Qingdao, and also created the character of Qingdao people who value loyalty and friendship.

Huang Jixian and Li Jingzhi stated in the article "Searching for the Roots of Jimo People" that during the 241 years from 1127 AD to 1368 AD, the population of not only Jimo but also the entire Shandong region dropped sharply. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the population decline in the Jimo area mainly involved three events, one was the Jingnan Campaign, the other was the Yongle sweep of the north, and the third was the Tang Saier Uprising.

The immigrants mainly came from Usawei, Yunnan

Zhu Yuanzhang advocated recuperation and carried out a large-scale immigration movement, and Shanxi became an important immigrant exporting place. The mantra of many Shandong people is, "Ask me where my hometown is, the big locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi." In fact, most immigrants from Jimo are not from Shanxi, but from Yunnan.

According to the "Jimo County Place Names Chronicle", there are only three clans of immigrants from Shanxi. For example, the Zhang surname in Tancun, Wangcun Town, is said to have ancestors from Puzhou, Shanxi. The "Tian Family Genealogy" recorded by Liang Jiatuan in Huazhen said: "The Tian family's ancestral home is Yanggao, Shanxi. In the second year of Yongle, he moved here with the Dong family to establish a village." Huang Jixian and Li Jingzhi stated in the article that the above three surnames were scattered immigrants. .

Sun Peng, deputy editor-in-chief of "Jimo County Chronicles", stated in the article "A Preliminary Study on Jimo Immigration in the Early Ming Dynasty" that in the early Ming Dynasty, the main stream of immigrants to Jimo were military households from Yunnan. There are 37 natural villages in Aoshanwei Town that were built during the Hongwu and Yongle periods of the Ming Dynasty, 23 of which were immigrants from Yunnan, accounting for 62% of the number of villages built in the early Ming Dynasty. There were 35 villages built in Tianheng Town in the early Ming Dynasty, and the genealogy of 25 of them recorded that their ancestors immigrated from Yunnan, accounting for 71%.

The genealogy of many clans has also been recorded, saying that they came from Wushawei or Wusawei, Yunnan. The two places should be the same place, and they are used interchangeably because of similar pronunciation. For example, the "Jin Family Genealogy" from Nanqian and Guqian Villages in Jinkou Town states that their ancestors came from Legetun in Wusawei, Yunnan. The "Fang Family Genealogy" of Beiqian Village states that its ancestor came from Legutun Village in Wushawei. "Legetun" and "Legutun" should also be the same place. The "Wu Family Genealogy" of Sishe Village records that their ancestors came from Yinziqiao in Usawei, Yunnan. These military households should be the first batch of immigrants transferred to Jimo from Wusawei and other places in Yunnan when the imperial court established Aoshanwei in the 21st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1388). The ancestors of the Zhang family in the villages of Zhangjia Xicheng and Yaotou in the Jimo Tongji Subdistrict Office were transferred from Yunnan Wusawei to Aoshan Guard or Fushan Station in this year to serve as guard commanders and hundreds of households.

Sun Peng said that another group of military households from Yunnan moved to Jimo in the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1403) due to military mobilization after the "Jingnan Campaign". For example, the "Dong Family Genealogy" in Niu Qibu records that in the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, the founder Dong Zhiqing moved from Weining Prefecture, Dading Prefecture, Guizhou, to Niu Qibu, Jimo. The seat of government of Weining Prefecture is in Usa City. Nowadays, the "Li Family Genealogy" in Xiaobu, Huashan Town records that in the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, he moved from the east gate of Biyang County (now Bijie County) in Xiaoyunnan to Xiaobu Tuan in front of Wanhua Mountain in Jimo Bei Township. In addition, the "Shao Family Genealogy" in Qingshan West Village, Dianji Town, records that in the 35th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1402), Shao Jiugong came from Yunnan to Shandong from Xu Huizu and stayed to garrison Xiongyasuo. In the second year of Yongle, Shao Keshi brought his family to Qingshan Before. The Xu Huizu mentioned here is the son of Zhongshan King Xu Da, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty. This record shows that the migration was due to the "Battle of Jingnan".

According to "Jimo Zhi" recorded in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, in the early years of Wanli, the total number of households in Jimo County was 11,231, of which 6,290 were military households, accounting for 56% of the total. Hou Wencheng, an expert on island city culture and history, said that according to relevant historical records, about 225 of the more than 1,000 villages in Jimo City were established by immigrants from Yunnan Province. These military households are not ethnic minorities, but Han soldiers and their families. They probably married local ethnic minorities in Yunnan and had children, bringing local living habits with them.

Scholar Zhang Caixia said in the article "The Immigration of Military Households in the Early Ming Dynasty and the Custom of Ancestor Worshiping on New Year's Eve in Jimo" that there is a legend about "Gaozu Gong" and "Gaozu Po" in Jimo, which happened after a flood. , humankind became extinct, and a brother and sister got married under the guidance of an immortal and became the ancestors of mankind. This story has the same structure as the legends of the Yao and other ethnic minorities in Yunnan. In the past, when Jimo people worshiped their ancestors during the New Year, they worshiped "Grandfather Gao" and "Grandma Gao". In addition, when an old man dies, Jimo people also popularly say, "When a person dies, he returns to his hometown in Yunnan." When praying to the deceased, he says, "When you are full, let's go southwest."

It is judged that they are descendants of the Danyang Quan family who were stationed in the military camps of Yunnan and Guizhou, and are related to Quan Qilong, the ancestor of the Wenshan Quan family.

In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, most of the people who broke through the Guandong to the Northeast were basically branches of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The peninsula has more mountains and less fields.

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Personally collected and compiled information for reference only