Population density: 2,462 people/km2
Putuo is located in the northeast of Zhejiang Province and the southeast of Zhoushan Islands. It is bounded by 29 32'-30 28' north latitude and12156'-12314' east longitude. It is named after Putuo Mountain, a Buddhist resort in China. Located at the intersection of Yangtze River, Qiantang River and Yongjiang River, it is close to Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and other large and medium-sized cities that are open to the outside world. The distance from Shanghai 165km in the northwest, 73km from Ningbo and Hangzhou 2 10km in the west, 265km from Wenzhou in the southwest, 550km from Keelung Port in Taiwan Province Province, 852km from Changzhi Port in Japan and 897km from Incheon Port in South Korea has obvious geographical advantages. There are 454.5 islands, 30.5 of which are inhabited. The coastline has a total length of 83 1.43 km and a total area of 6,730 km2, of which the sea area is 627 1 km2 and the land area is 459 km2. It is a marine area and a land community.
Putuo belongs to the monsoon maritime climate on the southern edge of the northern subtropical zone, which is mild and humid all the year round, warm in winter and cool in summer, with plenty of sunshine. Annual average temperature 16. 1℃, coldest 65438+ 10 month, average temperature 5.5℃, hottest August, average monthly temperature 26.9℃, sunshine hours 2 150.7 hours, annual total solar radiation/kloc-0. The average annual rainfall is1200mm. The annual average relative humidity is 80%, which belongs to humid or semi-humid areas.
Extremely rich marine resources
Putuo has a vast sea area with rich seawater and tidal flat resources, including Zhongjieshan Fishing Ground and Yang 'an Fishing Ground in Zhoushan Fishing Ground, covering an area of about 34,000 square kilometers. The natural conditions are superior, and the biological resources are rich. There are more than one species of marine life 1 100, and the fishery resources are particularly rich, including fish 140 species, including large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker and hairtail. There are also more than 40 species of crabs and shrimps, mainly Portunus trituberculatus, Penaeus harveyi and Penaeus monodon. In 2005, the mariculture area reached 60,300 mu, mainly cultivating laver, kelp, clam, razor clam, prawn, crab and fish. The success of artificial culture of Pseudosciaena crocea is a breakthrough in mariculture technology and was awarded the gold medal in aquaculture by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Because there are many beaches around the islands in Putuo District, the slope is gentle and there is little leakage, which is suitable for sea salt production. In 2005, the total output of salt fields in production was 4,365,438+10,000 tons.
A advantaged deep-water port
Putuo District is dotted with islands, and the coastline is curved, forming many ports, harbors and waterways, surrounded by islands, with large mouth, small water depth and waves, little silt and no ice. In addition, there are many muddy silt or silty mud bottoms, and port facilities can be built in the hinterland, with good shelter from the wind and anchorage. According to the survey, the coastline of the whole region 12-20m is 44km deep, and there are 59 ship repair enterprises in the region, which are distributed in Ma Zhi, Lujiazui, Zhujiajian Island Island, Taohua, Xiazhi and Liu Heng. It is an ideal port area for building deep-water berths and berthing giant ships. The international waterway, Xiashimen Waterway, allows 6,543,800+5,000-ton transport ships to enter and exit freely, and 200,000-ton waiting ships can enter and exit freely.
Shenjiamen Fishing Port, which is famous at home and abroad, is the central port of Zhoushan Fishing Ground and the largest fishing port in China. It is known as the three largest public fishing ports in the world, together with Bergen Port in Norway and callao Port in Peru. Length 1 1.5km, width 0. 19-0. 17km. It is a canyon-type natural harbor with many ports in the east-west direction, with a port area of 3.2 million square meters and a water area of1.85 square meters. The seabed is flat and muddy, which is an ideal anchorage and haven for fishing boats. During the fishing ban, nearly 10,000 fishing boats in coastal provinces and cities gathered to take shelter from the wind, repair and supplement production and living materials. There are more than 100 shipyards, diesel engine factories, anchor chain factories, oil, fishing nets, fishing gear and other enterprises serving fishery production along the coast of the port. At present, Shenjiamen Port is a comprehensive port for passenger and cargo transportation. Tourism that came from behind
Putuo is rich in tourism resources, including Putuo Mountain, Zhujiajian Island Island, shenjiamen, the oriental fishing capital, and Peach Blossom Island described by Jin Yong, forming a unique "Golden Triangle" of Putuo. It has rich tourism resources such as Buddhist culture, mountain and sea landscape, fishing village customs, seaside holiday, seafood and delicious food. Among them, the natural landscapes are mainly sea, sand, mountains, rocks, caves and reefs, and there are many types. The tidal flat resources are unique, and the tidal flat area accounts for a quarter of the total tidal flat area in Zhejiang Province. The geology of each island is dominated by granite, and after crustal movement and seawater erosion, various rock landscapes and reef landscapes have been formed. The most famous scenic spots are Mount Putuo's Xitian Scenic Area, Nantianmen Scenic Area, Zhujiajian Island Island's Baishan Scenic Area, Peach Blossom Island's Angel Peak Scenic Area and East China Sea outpost Dongji Island's Dongfushan Mountain. Putuo's humanistic tourism resources are also very rich, which are integrated with the natural landscape and complement each other. Mount Putuo is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. Since the establishment of Guanyin Dojo in Tang Dynasty, it has a history of more than 1000 years. It is the largest shrine of Guanyin Bodhisattva at home and abroad, and enjoys a high reputation in the coastal areas of China and Southeast Asia. Zhujiajian Island Island started the brand of "sand sculpture" and was recognized as one of the best beaches in the world by WSSA, an international sand sculpture organization. Peach Blossom Island is said to be the secluded place of An Qi Sheng in Qin Dynasty. It is famous at home and abroad because of the masterpiece "Legend of the Condor Heroes" by Mr. Jin Yong, a master of martial arts literature, and is covered with the mysterious veil of "Fairy Mountain on the Sea". Shenjiamen, the "Shili Fishing Port", together with Bergen Port in Norway and callao Port in Peru, is known as the three largest fishing ports in the world and the largest fish and cargo distribution center in China. In recent years, it is famous for its seafood night stalls.
Climatic conditions
Putuo belongs to the monsoon maritime climate on the southern edge of the northern subtropical zone, which is mild and humid all the year round, warm in winter and cool in summer, with plenty of sunshine. Annual average temperature 16. 1℃, coldest 65438+ 10 month, average temperature 5.5℃, hottest August, average monthly temperature 26.9℃, sunshine hours 2 150.7 hours, annual total solar radiation/kloc-0. The average annual rainfall is1200mm. The annual average relative humidity is 80%, which belongs to humid or semi-humid areas.
Island economy
Since the reform and opening up, the region's economy has developed steadily and healthily, and various social undertakings have made all-round progress. 1996 was awarded the title of the second batch of well-off counties (districts) in Zhejiang province, and 1998 was included in the coastal economic development zone.
In 2006, the GDP of the whole region reached 103.2 1 100 million yuan, which was 86.5% higher than that of 2002 at comparable prices, with an average annual growth of 16.9%, 3 percentage points higher than that of the whole province in the same period. The per capita GDP is 32,378 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 17.3%. The total fiscal revenue was 850 million yuan, of which the local fiscal revenue was 540 million yuan, increasing by 149.3% and 144.2% respectively compared with 2002, with an average annual increase of 25.7% and 25.0% respectively. The total industrial output value of the whole region reached1401400 million yuan, which was 1.8 times higher than that of 2002, with an average annual growth rate of 29.7%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 3.835 billion yuan, an increase of 58.3% over 2002, with an average annual growth of 12.2%. In the past four years, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 1024 billion yuan, with an average annual increase of 34.4%. The comprehensive level of social development has been continuously improved. Achieve the main economic indicators of the Tenth Five-Year Plan one year ahead of schedule. Generally speaking, these four years are one of the fastest and best periods of economic and social development in Putuo history.
Steady development of marine fishery
As a national key fishing area, marine fishery is an important foundation of Putuo economy. In 2006, the total fishery output in the whole region was 495,300 tons, with a total output value of 3149 million yuan. Agriculture and fisheries developed steadily, achieving a total output value of 3.353 billion yuan, an increase of 25.7% over 2002; The total fishery output was 495,300 tons, down 2.7% from 2002. The total fishery output value was 365,438+490 million yuan, an increase of 28.7% over 2002. In four years, 9 18 fishing boats were scrapped, 4,525 fishermen were diverted, and 654.38+0.7 billion yuan was invested in fishery infrastructure construction. Actively develop characteristic agriculture and establish a number of organic tea, daffodils, seedlings and fruit bases. The proportion of the three industries in the whole region has been adjusted from 25.5: 33.3: 465,438+0.2 to 65,438+05.5: 40.7: 43.8, which further highlights the leading position of the industry, accelerates the development of the tertiary industry and makes the industrial structure more reasonable.
Putuo is a good place for fish, shrimp and shellfish culture, with smooth water flow, rich nutrition and high biological content in the beach and shallow sea. The exploitable shallow sea and beach area is 6.5438+0.2 million mu. New aquaculture methods and technologies such as deep-water cages and high-standard ponds have been popularized. The aquaculture area in the whole region is 60,300 mu, with an output of 38,500 tons and an output value of 593 million yuan. Among them, the success of artificial culture of large yellow croaker is a major breakthrough in aquaculture technology and was awarded the gold medal in aquaculture by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
The dominant position of industry is further highlighted.
In 2006, the total industrial output value of the whole region reached14010.40 billion yuan, an increase of10.8 times compared with 2002, with an average annual increase of 29.7%. The port-facing industry, represented by shipbuilding and aquatic product processing, has developed rapidly, achieving an output value of119.4 million yuan, an increase of 2. 1 times over 2002. The shipbuilding industry has developed by leaps and bounds, with an output value of 3.322 billion yuan, which is 1 1.2 times higher than that in 2002; Dock repair capacity exceeds 6,543,800 tons, and a number of major shipbuilding repair projects such as COSCO Shipping have been completed and put into operation one after another. The level of intensive processing of aquatic products and the ability of industrial agglomeration were further improved. The total output value of aquatic products processing was 8.026 billion yuan, and the proportion of intensive processing reached 4 1.6%. Large-scale enterprises have become bigger and stronger, with 22 enterprises with an output value exceeding 100 million yuan, an increase of 17 over 2002.
Tourism has made great progress.
Putuo is rich in tourism resources. Putuo Mountain, the hometown of sand sculpture, Zhujiajian Island Island, shenjiamen, the oriental fishing capital, and Peach Blossom Island written by Jin Yong constitute Putuo's unique "golden triangle of tourism". Mount Putuo is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. Since the establishment of Guanyin Dojo in Tang Dynasty, it has a history of more than 1000 years. It is the largest shrine of Guanyin Bodhisattva at home and abroad, and enjoys a high reputation in the coastal areas of China and Southeast Asia. Zhujiajian Island Island is famous for its landscape of mountains and seas, fishing village customs and seaside holidays. At present, the brand of "sand sculpture" has been launched, and it has been recognized as one of the best beaches in the world by WSSA, an international sand sculpture organization. Peach Blossom Island is said to be the secluded place of An Qi Sheng in Qin Dynasty. It is famous at home and abroad because of the masterpiece "Legend of the Condor Heroes" by Mr. Jin Yong, a master of martial arts literature, and is covered with the mysterious veil of "Fairy Mountain on the Sea". Last year, CCTV's Legend of the Condor Heroes was filmed in Taohua Island, which further enhanced the popularity of Taohua Island. Shenjiamen, the "Shili Fishing Port", together with Bergen Port in Norway and callao Port in Peru, is known as the world's three largest public fishing ports and the largest fish and cargo distribution center in China. In recent years, it is famous for its seafood night stalls. In 2006, the number of tourists in the whole region was 4,646,800, an increase of 84.2% over 2002, including 65,500 overseas tourists, an increase of 7.4 times over 2002. Tourism revenue was 3.065 billion yuan, an increase of 65.438+002.4% over 2002.
Development and construction in the ascendant
Since the reform and opening-up, Putuo has earnestly implemented the inscription spirit of General Secretary Jiang Zemin's "Developing the Ocean and Revitalizing Zhoushan" and Premier Li Peng's "Opening wider to the outside world and prospering Zhoushan" and lost no time in developing the economy. According to different functions, shenjiamen Marine Biological Industrial Park, Goushan Island Industrial Park, Zhanmaofeng Island Industrial Park and Liu Heng Industrial Park were planned and constructed respectively to promote industrialization and urbanization. The provincial Donggang Economic Development Zone plans to reclaim 8 square kilometers of land from the sea, increase the deepwater coastline by 7.2 kilometers, and build a modern coastal new city with a population of 50,000. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Putuo invested a total of 654.38+03 billion yuan in infrastructure construction, and completed a number of key practical projects, such as dredging at Shenjiamen Port, Donggang Seaside Park, Xiazhi Fishing Port Breakwater Project, Liu Heng Funeral Home Project, Zhanmao, Goushan and Zhujiajian Island Island Sewage Treatment Project. The cultivation of professional market has also achieved initial results. In 2005, Zhoushan International Aquatic City was rated as the first "four-star" civilized market of aquatic products industry in China, with a trading volume of 30010.9 million tons and a trading volume of 3210.4 million yuan, up by 3.8% and 5.3% respectively over the previous year. As early as 1996, it was included in the "Best in China" ceremony by the marketing department of the State Council Development Research Center, which became an important window for the city to open to the outside world. All these will inject new vitality into the development of Putuo economy.
The development of history
Putuo District is named after Putuo Mountain, a famous Buddhist scenic spot in this area. Mount Putuo, Mount Wutai, Mount Jiuhua and Mount Emei are also called the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. But compared with other famous Buddhist mountains, Putuo Mountain is not only the only island, but also the only place name from Sanskrit.
According to historical records, Putuo Mountain was called Meicen Mountain before the Song Dynasty, and it was named after the folk legend that when the Western Han Dynasty became emperor, the alchemist Mei Fu lived in seclusion in the mountain and gave medicine to the islanders. However, after Hua Hui, a Japanese monk, set up Kannonji in the mountains in the second year of Zhenming (AD 9 16), Buddhist activities on the island became active from the Five Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Especially in the war years of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, those who refused to go to Kannonji and Guanyin statue in the vast East China Sea were not only the embodiment of truth, goodness and beauty in people's eyes, but also the story of Guanyin Bodhisattva's refusal to go to Japan represented a kind of national integrity and self-esteem, and the supernatural story of Guanyin Bodhisattva spread rapidly. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, after Hui Di and Qin Emperor were captured by Jin Bing, Guanyin Bodhisattva refused to go abroad, which was a good comfort to the people who suffered great internal trauma and deepened their reverence and worship for Guanyin Bodhisattva. In people's minds, the mysterious atmosphere unique to the island also accelerated the spread of the story. With the establishment of Guanyin Bodhisattva's lofty idol status, some people began to look for evidence in ancient books, and found the following record in Huayan Jing: "There are mountains in the south, but the name is not Luo Jia, and there are bodhisattvas there, named Guan Zi" (it is also possible that some people inadvertently noticed that this passage is somewhat similar to the geographical environment of Meicen Mountain). So Popoloka (transliteration of Sanskrit Potalaka) also wrote Putuolaka, Popoloka, Budoloka, Potala and so on. A small white flower (China, Guangming Mountain, Island Mountain, etc. ) was borrowed to Meicen Mountain and circulated in the society as an alias of Meicen Mountain. At the beginning of its spread, due to different translation methods, some people used transliteration and others used free translation. For example, Su Dongpo's poem "Seeing Judge Feng off in the Prosperous Country" said: "The blue mountains sway Xiu Xiu Mountain Dance, and the small white peach blossoms are half swallowed." The word "little white" in the sentence comes from the Italian translation of "little white flower". Today, you can still see the "Baihua Mountain" cliff with a square character of 2 meters on the rocks beside Miaosolemn Road in Putuo Mountain. However, the transliteration name of "Butuo Luojia" was used in "Baoqing Guo Chang County Records" (1227), which was written in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, a "Butuo Luojia" came from behind, trying to replace the original name "Mei Censhan", which was fully reflected in Baoqing's "Guo Chang County Records". The diary reads: "Buduojia Mountain, in the East China Sea, is called a lonely place on the coast in Buddhist books. Ami Lushan ". In the eyes of visible editors, the proper name and alias of this island have been reversed. However, the name "Mei Censhan", which has been used for thousands of years, did not immediately withdraw from social circulation, and it still appeared as the main name of the island in a considerable scope. In the records of Dade's Map of Changguozhou (1298) in the Yuan Dynasty, "Meicen Mountain" was the proper name and "Butuo Luojiashan" was the alias.
Since the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, Mei Censhan's real name has been used less and less frequently. In the 21st year (136 1), when Mountain Records was compiled, it was officially called Buduoluojia Mountain Records. In the process of spreading Sanskrit place names, China people have been troubled by the inconvenience of reading and remembering the translated names of those long and abstruse foreign words. Therefore, according to the language habits of China people, they simplified Butuo Luojiashan as Butuo Mountain and Putuo Mountain, and finally determined it as a word with more China characteristics-Putuo Mountain in the late Ming Dynasty, which has been passed down to this day. In the process of more than 400 years' circulation, the place names of Putuo Mountain have been retro, and once again the full name "Putuo Luojiashan" has been used as the island name, but the time is not long, mainly in written books. In spoken language, long full names have almost disappeared.
Regarding the phenomenon of borrowing the place names of Putuo Mountain, Zhu Xu has already discussed it in Ode to Chang Guo (in the late Qing Dynasty): "The cloth of South India fell in Gajia, and it was pointed out in Buddhist classics. The Luo family in Putuo was named after the sea people. " Professor Chen Qiaoyi, a famous historical geographer, concluded: "Putuo, India is a holy place of Buddhism, so it was moved by other Buddhist regions." The specific location of this "Buguoluojia" mountain was verified by Professor Ji Xianlin, a famous scholar in Peking University: it is located at 8 degrees 43 minutes north latitude and 77 degrees 22 minutes east longitude, and it is located in the southern section of the Indian West Kochi Mountains, on the Papanasam Mountain in Nebli County, east of the Getziye Mountain. Translated as "Little White Flower (China)", it means that there are many small white flower trees in this mountain, and the fragrance is far away. It doesn't mean that Putuo Mountain in our city has ever had such a landscape. This is what we must pay attention to when using the Sanskrit place name "Putuo Mountain". In China, with the spread of Buddhist culture, potala hill, the seat of the famous Potala Palace in Tibet, borrowed this place name.
From June 5438 to February 2020, Putuo District ranked 60th in the list of the top 100 demonstration counties and cities in China in 2020.
In June 2020, Putuo District was elected as the happiest city in China in 2020.
In 2020, Putuo District ranked eighth in the list of the top 100 happiest counties and cities in China.
In 20 12, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Administration of Work Safety identified Putuo District as the first batch of national safe fishery demonstration counties.
20 19,110/0, the Ministry of Water Resources announced the second batch of counties (districts) that reached the standard for the construction of water-saving society, and Putuo District was on the list.
20 19,10 In June, Putuo District was selected as one of the top 100 national science and technology innovation areas in 20 19, ranking 37th.
20 16 February, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Administration of Work Safety identified Putuo District as a national safe fishery demonstration county of 20 14-20 15.
2065438+March 2005, Putuo District won the honor of the third batch of national advanced units in the establishment of counties and cities ruled by law.