(A) production base requirements
1, the base of the land should be a complete plot, which can not be sandwiched between plots of land for conventional production, but allows the existence of organic conversion of plots; organic vegetable production bases and conventional plots of land at the junction of the must have obvious markers, such as rivers, hills, artificially set up isolation zones, etc..
2, there must be a conversion period from the conventional production system to organic production conversion usually takes 2 years, after which the sowing of vegetables harvested as organic products; perennial vegetables in the harvest before the need to go through a 3-year conversion time to become organic crops. The start of the conversion period is calculated from the date of application to the certification body for certification, and producers must operate in full compliance with organic production requirements during the conversion period. Vegetables grown in fields after 1 year of organic conversion can be sold as organic conversion crops.
3, the establishment of buffer zones if the organic vegetable production base in the plots may be affected by the neighboring conventional plots of pollution, it is necessary to set up buffer zones or physical barriers between organic and conventional plots to ensure that the organic plots are not contaminated. Different certification bodies have different requirements for the length of the barrier, the general requirement is 8 meters.
(ii) Cultivation management
1. Organic vegetable seeds and seedlings should be used for variety selection, and in the absence of access to certified organic vegetable seeds and seedlings (e.g. at the initial stage of organic cultivation), conventional seeds that have not been treated with banned substances can be used. Vegetable species and varieties that are adapted to local soil and climatic characteristics and resistant to pests and diseases should be selected, and due consideration should be given to the conservation of crop genetic diversity in the selection of varieties. The use of any genetically modified seeds is prohibited.
2, crop rotation and clean field organic base should be used, including leguminous crops or green manure, including at least three kinds of crops for crop rotation; in 1 year can only grow 1 crop of vegetables in the region, allowing the use of two crops, including leguminous crops, crop rotation. After the previous crop of vegetables is harvested, the base is thoroughly cleaned and cleaned, and all the disease residues are transported out of the base to be destroyed or buried y in order to reduce the disease base.
3, supporting cultivation techniques through the cultivation of strong seedlings, grafting for root, ridge cultivation, mulching, reasonable dense planting, plant adjustment and other technologies, the full use of light, heat, gas and other conditions, to create a favorable environment for the growth of vegetables, in order to achieve the purpose of high yield and efficiency.
(3) Fertilizer use
The fundamental difference between organic vegetable production and conventional vegetable production is the difference between pests and weeds and fertilizer use, which is more demanding than conventional vegetable production.
1, fertilization techniques. Only organic fertilizer and planting green manure is allowed. Generally use homemade rotting organic fertilizer or use through certification, allowed to be used in organic vegetable production on some fertilizer manufacturers produce pure organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, pig manure as raw material organic fertilizers. When using your own composted or composted organic fertilizers, they must be well rotted. Organic fertilizers with low nutrient content, the dosage should be sufficient to ensure that there are enough nutrients to supply, otherwise, organic vegetables will show symptoms of lack of fertilizer, growth retardation, affecting yield. For the shortcomings of organic fertilizers in the early stages of the slow release of effective nutrients, you can use the permitted use of certain microorganisms, such as rhizobacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, etc., after the activities of these beneficial bacteria to accelerate the release of nutrients nutrient accumulation, and to promote the effective use of nutrients in organic vegetables.
2, fertilization technology. Green manure has a nitrogen fixing effect, planting green manure can get a richer source of nitrogen, and can improve soil organic matter content. General production of 2000kg per green manure, according to the nitrogen content of 0.3% 0.4%, fixed nitrogen is 68kg. often planted green manure are: purple daffodil, camelina, alfalfa, artemisia, orchid seeds, arrow bitter pea, white flower grass mignonette and other more than 50 green varieties.
3, the types of fertilizers allowed to use organic fertilizers, including animal manure and residues, plant compost, green manure, grass ash, cake fertilizer, etc.; minerals, including potash powder, phosphorus powder, calcium chloride and other substances; in addition to organic certification bodies certified organic special fertilizers and some of the microbial fertilizers.
4, the harmless treatment of fertilizer organic fertilizer in the application of 2 months before the need for harmless treatment, the fertilizer will be splashed with water mixed with wet, stacked, covered with plastic film, so that it is fully fermented and ripe. Fermentation period within the heap temperature of up to 60 ℃ or more, can effectively kill the farmyard manure with pests and weeds, and the treated fertilizer is easy to be absorbed by the vegetable use.
5, the use of fertilizers (1) the amount of fertilizer: organic vegetable cultivation of land in the use of fertilizers, should be done to planting vegetables and fertilization of the ground simultaneously. Use of animal and plant fertilizer ratio should be mastered in 1:1 as good. General per mu of organic fertilizer 3000-4000 kg, 100 kg of organic special fertilizer. (2) adequate bottom fertilizer: 80% of the total amount of fertilizer used as a bottom fertilizer, combined with plowing will be evenly mixed into the tillage layer of fertilizer, in order to facilitate the absorption of the root system. (3) skillful application of fertilizer: for planting density, shallow root system of vegetables can be used to spread fertilizer fertilizer, when the vegetables grow to 3-4 leaves, will be dried and made fine fertilizer evenly sprinkled to the vegetable field, and timely watering. For planting row spacing, the root system is more concentrated vegetables, you can open the furrow strip fertilizer, open the furrow do not break the root system, cover with soil and water in a timely manner. For the planting of vegetables with a large distance between the rows, can be used to open the hole fertilizer way.