The greenhouse tomato growth temperature is 10 ℃ ~ 35 ℃, the average monthly temperature of 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ season is the most suitable for growth. During the day, the morning temperature 23 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, the highest shall not exceed 35 ℃; afternoon gradually cooled down to 23 ℃ when closed. Night temperature 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ is good. Day and night temperature difference of 10 ℃ ~ 13 ℃ is appropriate, the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ growth is inhibited, lower than 5 ℃ plants stop growing. When the temperature reaches 1 ℃ ~ 2 ℃, plants and fruits suffer frost damage.
Two, choose a good soil off
Tomatoes are not strict on soil requirements, but different soil quality of its growth and development is different. In the clay soil planted tomatoes, slow growth in the early stages, but strong, should not be early decline, easy to get high yield, but the fruit type is poor; planted in sandy soil tomatoes, fast growth, fruit type is good, but the plant is easy to aging, should not get high yield. Tomatoes to slightly acidic soil is good, pH 6.2 ~ 6.8 is appropriate. North China's soil is alkaline, advocating the application of bio-organic fertilizers, can change the alkaline soil. At present, the better enzyme bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, etc., can improve the soil, fertilization, to create a suitable environment for the growth and development of tomatoes. Greenhouse tomato fertilization to do chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer, organic fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer with the use of, but also pay attention to the use of micronutrient fertilizer.
Three, strict fertilizer off
Tomato harvest period is long, high yield, the need for a variety of nutrients, and the nutrients to have a certain ratio. Each production of 1000kg tomato, need to absorb from the soil nitrogen 2.5-3.5kg, phosphorus 0.8-1kg, potassium 4.2-4.8kg, calcium 1.6-2.1kg and magnesium 0.3-0.6kg. according to the nutrient absorption ratio of fertilizer, such as nitrogen for 100, phosphorus 26, potassium 180, calcium 74, magnesium 18, absorption of potassium is the most, the absorption of phosphorus and magnesium is the least.
In the case of adequate basal fertilizer, in order to ensure that tomato plants are robust, pay attention to the fertilization of a small number of times. Seedling period, 2 leaves 1 heart period, foliar spraying of the U.S. state through the straight pulse humic acid foliar fertilizer 2 times, the interval period of 7 days; 4 leaves 1 heart period, with the water with the water through the straight pulse humic acid fertilizer 1 time, diluted times 500 ~ 600 times, to promote early development of the seedling; planting of slow seedling, in time with the water with the water with the Golden Vein En Humic Acid Fertilizer 1 time, it is appropriate to dilute should not be thick, to promote the birth of more new roots, to restore the growth of the root-knot nematode damage can also be prevented. Combined with disease prevention, foliar spraying Tong Zhi En humic acid foliar fertilizer 1 to 2 times. From the first fruit expansion period, increase the use of fertilizers, production mastery "two water and one fertilizer", with the water sprinkler gold pulse humic acid fertilizer, 5 to 10kg per mu each time, until 15 days before harvest. Each time the drug control of pests and diseases, should be added to the humic acid leaf fertilizer, with the use of with, should not be overnight.
Four, strict watering
It has been determined that every 5000kg of tomatoes obtained, need to draw more than 330 tons of water from the soil. Fruit development period every day each plant needs to absorb at least 1kg of water.
Production, pay attention to keep the soil dry and wet, small water watering; in order to prevent salinization of the soil, monthly water irrigation 1 time, to play the role of salt drainage. Watering, pay attention to the water temperature, the study found that when the watering temperature is lower than 7 ℃, will produce a large number of tomatoes hollow fruit, seriously affecting the quality.
Five, good light off
According to research, per square meter of tomato leaf area, the production of 1kg of fruit requires 95 to 96 hours of light. Production should pay attention to the timely removal of lateral branches, cut the lower part of the plant old leaves, when the tomato fruit is fully grown, into the white ripe period, you can cut all the leaves in the lower part of the spike, to maintain ventilation and light, both supplemental to the light, but also to ensure that the nutrient consumption, but also reduces the incidence of pests and diseases, a three-in-one approach.
Six, put a good gas off
The greenhouse tomatoes to yield, carbon dioxide fertilization is very critical. Carbon dioxide saturation concentration of 0.1%, more than this concentration of tomato fertility disorders, and even poisoning; when carbon dioxide in 0.005% concentration, the plant will die of starvation. Especially when there is insufficient light in winter, carbon dioxide can be supplemented artificially to increase the amount of carbon dioxide. If the bottom fertilizer use enzyme bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, it will reduce the supplementation of carbon dioxide.
Seven, strict pest control
There are many tomato pests and diseases. Fungal diseases include sudden collapse disease, standing wilt, leaf mold, powdery mildew, early blight, late blight, gray mold, wilt and so on. Production should pay attention to enhance plant resistance, prevention first. The main fungicides are Chlorothalonil, Ruizhongmu, Porphyrin, Sukrin, Pyrethrum, Manganese Zinc, Methyl Tobutoxin, etc., but also BO-10, Wuyi Fungin and other biological preparations. The survey found that a small number of times foliar spraying humic acid foliar fertilizer, or adding humic acid liquid fertilizer when playing medicine, not only to improve the efficacy of the drug, reduce the amount of drugs, but also reduce the occurrence of drug damage. Bacterial diseases, such as ulcer disease, green blight, pith necrosis disease. In production, copper preparations and agricultural streptomycin are mainly used for prevention. Virus disease types, such as foliar type, syncope type, yellowing type, bush dwarf disease, spotted wilt, etc.. Production should strictly prevent water shortage, supplement plant nutrition, kill aphids, whiteflies and whiteflies, pay attention to cuttings disinfection, reduce the chance of virus transmission. The use of Golden Vein En and Tong Zhiwei Pulse Humic Acid Flush Fertilizer can reduce the incidence of virus disease by 88.5%. To prevent and control root-knot nematode, you can use soil energization method to control, but also can use bio-organic fertilizer and humic acid liquid fertilizer to prevent. Physiological diseases are due to high or low temperatures caused by sunburn, cracked fruit, but also because of the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, magnesium, zinc and other mineral nutrients, resulting in yellowing of the leaves, small, wilting and drooping, resulting in hollow fruits, deformed fruits, and other symptoms, foliar spraying of humic acid liquid fertilizer can greatly alleviate the symptoms of this deficiency.