For thousands of years, Chinese traditional medicine has attached great importance to the dialectical relationship between diet conditioning and health and longevity, including dietotherapy, that is, diet conditioning can achieve the effect of preserving health and preventing diseases, and medicated diet, that is, mixing food and drugs to make meals to achieve the effect of preserving health and preventing diseases. The medicated diet mentioned in this article includes dietotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated valuable experience in dietotherapy and health care in long-term medical practice, forming a unique theoretical system, so dietotherapy is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. Actively promoting Chinese dietotherapy has not only made an important contribution to the health and longevity of China people, but also has far-reaching significance for promoting the development of health care medicine in the world.
The development of modern medicated diet is further improved on the basis of summing up the experience of the ancients. Its application is more in line with the development of TCM theory, pays attention to the research and application of modern scientific theory, and has its theoretical and scientific development direction. Its development characteristics are more diversified.
First, we should summarize and apply the experience of predecessors, prepare meals under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the theory of yin and yang and five elements, the theory of zang-fu organs, and the theory of medicinal properties and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine. For a long time, a systematic theoretical system has been formed. For example, following the theory of meridian tropism of traditional Chinese medicine, it emphasizes that "acid enters the liver, bitter enters the heart, sweet enters the spleen, pungent enters the lung and salty enters the kidney"; Advocate dialectical medication, according to people and time.
Second, pay attention to the combination of Chinese medicine and diet. In addition to the distinctive characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, medicated diet also has the general characteristics of food, emphasizing color, fragrance, taste and shape, and paying attention to nutritional value. Therefore, a good medicated diet should not only have a positive effect on human health and disease prevention, but also have a good nutritional effect on the human body, and it can also arouse people's appetite and give people endless aftertaste.
Thirdly, in the technical operation and special application of modern medicated diet, "the eight immortals crossed the sea and showed their abilities". Because medicated diet is a special kind of food, it also has its own characteristics in cooking methods. In addition to the general food cooking methods, raw materials should be processed according to the processing theory of traditional Chinese medicine. For example, chicken breast with lotus leaves in Chengdu, steamed chicken with cordyceps sinensis, gingko diced chicken in Guangchuntang, ginseng bear's paw in Jilin and fried ginseng pheasant slices are all famous dishes with their own characteristics.
Throughout the publication of monographs on medicinal diet and dietotherapy since the founding of the People's Republic of China, there are more than 50 kinds, such as Clinical Medicinal Diet in China published by People's Health Publishing House in 1980, Recipe Series of Medicinal Diet in China published by Science and Technology Literature Publishing House, and Disease Prevention Series of Medicinal Diet in China, etc. A lot of work has been done to promote the medicated diet culture in China and make positive contributions to the health care of medicated diet. Especially in the last ten years, under the call of mankind's return to nature, medicated diet, a natural food integrating nutrition and food, has been favored. Medicinal food restaurants are springing up like mushrooms after rain. Fu Zi has published all kinds of high-quality and popular books on medicinal diet, and established special institutions for medicinal diet. Medicinal diet began to spread from China to the world, and developed in the direction of industrialization and modernization.
According to historical facts and available data, the origin of medicated diet can be divided into the following stages. 1. In Mencius, it is said that "food, color and sex are also important", which is human instinct.
"Food is the most important thing for the people" is an old saying, which refers to the importance that human beings must "fill their stomachs" in order to survive and reproduce and maintain their metabolism.
2. The most important thing for primitive people is foraging. At that time, food was completely dependent on the gift of nature. There are many kinds of food to eat, and it is inevitable to eat inappropriate food by mistake, which will cause adverse reactions.
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty said: "In ancient times ... people ate fruits, melons and clams, which made them stink, hurt the stomach and caused many diseases."
"Huai Nan Zi Xiu Wu Xun" also said: "In ancient times, people drank water like grass, picked the fruit of trees and ate carrion, sometimes suffering from many diseases and injuries." It shows that ancient ancestors did suffer from diseases caused by harmful diet.
3. After long-term life practice, people gradually realize which foods to eat are beneficial; What are harmful and unfit to eat. "Huai Nan Zi Xiu Wu Xun" said: "Shennong ... tasted a hundred herbs, and the water was sweet and bitter, which made the people know the taboo. At this time, they encountered 70 kinds of poisons a day, which vividly illustrated the situation that our ancestors avoided toxic and ingested non-toxic food in the process of looking for food. At the same time, people find that there are many kinds of foods that can alleviate the pain caused by diseases, and some foods have the function of strengthening the body after eating. Therefore, many foods that can satisfy the stomach and treat diseases are valued by people, which is the theoretical basis of "homology of medicine and food" in traditional Chinese medicine. In a word, when human beings discover food, they also include the emergence of dietotherapy and medicated diet. The so-called "homology of medicine and food" should be understood as originating from the same discovery process. If you don't eat it, it is medicine, and medicine is eating it.
4. Primitive people used natural wildfires to make artificial fires (burning wood to make a fire). Because "burning meat on fire, burning grain on stone", people get richer nutrition, make food more in line with health requirements, improve human quality, enhance disease resistance, and have positive health care significance for human health care, and fire is more significant in the process of human evolution. The above people's choice and processing of food and some measures to ensure their health are all unconscious behaviors in life, and there is no concept of dietotherapy and medicated diet at all, so it is called the period of ignorance. Although in ignorance, it is a difficult and long step and an important step in the history of human development. According to the literature, the origin of medicated diet health care in China can be traced back to the era of Yu Xia. At this time, there have been many cooking methods, such as Yi Yin's soup in Shang Dynasty. His cooking skills are excellent, and he used to be a chef in Tang Wang.
According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, there are many kinds of food crops, such as wheat, millet, millet, rice, etc., which have been able to make wine in large quantities. Pottery wine vessels before Neolithic Age were found in Longshan Cultural Site in Shang Tang. Wine is a drink and has obvious medical functions. Later generations think that it has the function of "taking all evil spirits when they arrive". Because it is an organic solvent, more effective components can be dissolved out to make medicinal liquor, which later developed into an anesthetic. Wine is also often used in diet cooking.
According to legend, Yidi once brewed wine for Yu Xia to keep fit. The so-called "Spring wine leads to longevity" in the Book of Songs in July means that wine has the functions of delaying aging, prolonging life and strengthening the body. In Shang Dynasty, Yi Yin made soup and wrote "Tang Ye Jing" to cure diseases through cooking.
"Lu Chunqiu's original taste" contains: "Ginger in Yang, osmanthus in Jane". Ginger and cinnamon are both pungent and warm products, which have the function of keeping out the cold and are commonly used condiments in cooking. The soup cooked in this way is not only food, but also soup, which shows that there was a simple dietotherapy in Shang Dynasty, and the embryonic form of dietotherapy and medicated diet had been formed.
In the Zhou Dynasty, people were very particular about their diet. Especially in the ruling class, food-related systems and official positions have been established. Among the four kinds of doctors included in Zhou Li Tianguan, food doctors rank first among the sick doctors, sore doctors and veterinarians. The duty of a food doctor is to "take care of the king's six foods, six desires, six meals, one hundred dishes, one hundred sauces and eight treasures." It can be seen that the close relationship between diet and health was clearly defined at that time.
Confucius, an educator at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, put forward specific requirements for food hygiene. For example, in the Analects of Confucius, the hard-working township party, it is written that "food is not tired of essence, food is not tired of essence, eating fish instead of meat, and eating food is bad", etc., all for the purpose of health preservation. By paying attention to diet to prevent the occurrence of diseases, the purpose of health diet is to make clear and conscious psychology and behavior. It shows that dietotherapy and medicated diet is an early development and has entered the embryonic stage.
Zhou Li recorded the "food doctor". The food doctor mainly manages the taste, coolness and weight of Zhou Tianzi's six foods, six drinks and six meals of Baibaibai sauce. The work of a food doctor is similar to that of a modern nutritionist, and other contents related to dietotherapy are also involved in the book. Zhou Li Tianguan also recorded that the doctors advocated "five flavors and five grains and five medicines to support their diseases". The selection of doctors advocates "nourishing bones with acid, tendons with tenderness, arteries with salt, qi with bitterness, meat with sweetness and orifices with smoothness". These ideas are already very mature principles of diet therapy. These records show that China had rich knowledge of medicated diet as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there appeared full-time personnel engaged in the production and application of medicated diet.
Huangdi Neijing, written in the Warring States Period, contains: "Anyone who wants to diagnose a disease must ask where to eat and live", "Treatment must seek its root" and "medicine can be removed, and food can follow". He also said: "People are based on grains", "Heaven eats people with five flavors, and the earth eats people with five flavors", "Five flavors are hidden in the stomach", "Poison attacks evil, grains nourish, five fruits help, five livestock benefit, five vegetables supplement, and the smell is combined to supplement lean qi".
Shanhaijing, which is close to the time when Huangdi Neijing was written, also mentioned the medicinal value of some foods: "Tochigi is solid, and food is not old." The above medical records show that the theory of dietotherapy in China was formed in the pre-Qin period. There are 13 prescriptions in Huangdi Neijing, of which 8 are homologous to medicine and food. Its preparation method is to grind the first three foods into pills and take them with abalone soup. Mainly used for treating blood deficiency. It shows that the production and application of medicated diet are also mature at this time. After long-term practice and experience accumulation, the knowledge of dietotherapy and medicated diet has gradually transitioned to the theoretical stage. In the Warring States period, the theory of dietotherapy was finally formed, which marked the rapid development of dietotherapy. It is embodied in the relevant chapters of Huangdi Neijing and puts forward a systematic dietotherapy theory, which has a far-reaching impact on the practice of food supplement, dietotherapy and medicated diet in China. The important role of dietary nutrition: only when you eat properly can you be healthy. "Therefore, it is necessary to reconcile the five flavors, the bones and muscles are strong and soft, the qi and blood are running, the reason is dense, and the bones and muscles are fine and factual." Follow the law and you will have a destiny. Lingshu Wuwei first put forward the significance of diet to human health: "The valley begins in the stomach, and its subtlety begins in the second jiao of the stomach, so as to irrigate the five internal organs and create a two-line way of camp and health." "Lingshu Nutrition Society" said: "People suffer from qi in the valley, which enters the stomach and distributes in the lungs, and all the five internal organs suffer from qi. Explain the importance of dietary nutrition to human health. In the pathological state, even with the help of drugs, we should pay attention to diet to treat diseases, which is the principle of dietotherapy put forward in this period. When using drugs to treat diseases, enough is enough, and the use of drugs should not be excessive, so as not to cause harm to the body. When it is cured by diet. As Su Wen's On the Method of Dirty Qi said: "Five grains are the supplement, five fruits are the help, five animals are the benefit, five dishes are the filling, and the smell is combined to supplement the essence. "Require a variety of animal and plant foods to cooperate with each other, comprehensively use, learn from each other's strengths, give full play to the positive role of diet and nutrition in the human body, and finally achieve the goal of cure. Food taste: Neijing points out that food also has four natures and five flavors. Four natures: cold, hot, warm and cool; The five flavors are sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty. According to different diseases, choose different foods and carry out targeted aftercare treatment. Among the five flavors, "sweetness diverges into yang, bitterness overflows into yin, salty overflows into yin, and light overflows into yang". Food is also divided into yin and yang. Choose different flavors of food according to the requirements of treatment. Taking food as medicine, the theory of nature and taste of traditional Chinese medicine plays an important guiding role in dietotherapy and medicated diet. The five flavors are biased towards the five internal organs: under the active guidance of the five elements theory, the ancestors found that food, like medicine, is biased towards the internal organs of the human body. " Su Wen Zhi Zhen Da Lun said: "The five flavors of husband enter the stomach, and each is happy, so the acid enters the liver first, the bitterness enters the heart first, the sweetness enters the spleen first, the pungent enters the lung first, and the salty enters the kidney first. "This shows that in the treatment of visceral diseases, the affinity of different flavors of food for different viscera should be different. According to the theory of "five elements to produce grams", Neijing analyzed the complexity of treating visceral diseases with different tastes and diets. At this stage, people classify food taboos according to the above dietotherapy theory. For example, Su Wen's Theory of Dirty Qi said: "The liver is green, so it is advisable to eat sweet, japonica rice, beef, jujube and sunflower. The heart is red, and it is appropriate to eat sour. Jujube, dog meat, plums and leeks are all sour. Lung white should be bitter, and wheat, mutton and beef are bitter. The spleen is yellow and should be salty. Soybeans, tapirs, millet and hops are all salty. Kidney is black, suitable for spicy food. Yellow rice, chicken, peaches and onions are all spicy. "This is the cereal, meat, fruits and vegetables that the five internal organs are sick to eat. At the same time, Neijing clearly points out the dietary taboos of many diseases and syndromes. For example, Ling Shu Wu Wei pointed out: "Five flavors enter, each goes its own way, each has its own disease", "Eating too much because of acid is embarrassing; Salty blood, eating more is thirsty; Zou xinqi, eating too much is heartbreaking; Bitter bones, eating too much makes people vomit; Take the meat. Eating too much can make people? "Heart Sutra" and "Genesis of Su Wen's Five Zangs" point out that the harm of overeating five flavors is: "Eating too much salt makes the pulse cry discolored; If you eat too much, your skin will wrinkle and your hair will pull out; If you eat more spicy food, your muscles will be anxious and your claws will dry up; If you eat too much acid, the meat will be tender and your lips will be exposed. If you eat too many sweets, your bones will hurt and your body will be weak. " Although these statements are suspected of mechanically applying the theory of five elements to produce grams, they point out in principle that any food has a strong smell, such as the philosophy that overeating is not good for health, which is indeed the principle of dietotherapy that should be followed. 1973 the ancient medical silk unearthed from the Han tomb at mawangdui 3, Changsha, Hunan province is said to be a medical work before the warring States period. The book talks about the health care methods of drinks, with special emphasis on the role of wine and leeks in prolonging life, nourishing and strengthening the body. Among them, there is a cloud: "The drinker is the essence of five grains, scattered in the middle, rational and thorough", and leek "eats in spring and March", which was written in Shennong Materia Medica Classic in Han Dynasty and is the earliest monograph on pharmacology in China. It contains 365 kinds of medicines, including about 50 kinds of medicines and foods, such as jujube, orange pomelo, grape, jujube, clam, dried ginger, adzuki bean, millet, longan, crab, almond and peach kernel. , including rice grains, vegetables, worms and fish. It shows that the medicinal value of some foods has been valued and affirmed at that time. As for the proposal of medicated diet, it was recorded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. For example, in The Biography of Women in the Later Han Dynasty, there is a record of "mother-adjusted medicated diet" ... deep thinking ",which can be described as the beginning of the word medicated diet and has been used ever since.
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases, and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber has a special article on "fasting", listing pig skin soup for treating shaoyin sore throat, angelica ginger mutton soup for treating postpartum abdominal pain, Guizhi soup, Lily chicken yellow soup and so on. These dietotherapy prescriptions are still widely used in clinic. Zhang Zhongjing said: "the taste of food is suitable for illness, and food is harmful to the body." If it is suitable, it will benefit the body, and if it is harmful, it will become sick. " He explained very clearly the important role of food therapy in the treatment process.
During this period, monographs on dietotherapy and medicated diet appeared, which were recorded in Han Yi Wen Zhi and Liang Qi Ji, such as Shennong Huangdi's Taboo, Huangdi's Miscellaneous Diet Taboo, Food Prescription, Food Classic, Taiguan Food Classic and Taiguan Food Law. It can be seen that dietotherapy and medicated diet were paid great attention to during this period, but it is a pity that these.
Medicinal diet was further developed in Qin and Han dynasties. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, written at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, contains 365 kinds of drugs, including jujube, ginseng, wolfberry fruit, Schisandra chinensis, rehmannia glutinosa, coix seed, poria cocos, adenophora, ginger, angelica, almond, dark plum, walnut, lotus seed, longan, lily and aconite. All of them are medicated diets, which are often used as raw materials for preparing medicated diets.
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in Han Dynasty, further developed the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Besides medication, he also used a lot of dietary conditioning methods, such as Baihu Decoction, Taohua Decoction, Bamboo Leaf Gypsum Decoction, Guadi Powder, Ten Jujube Decoction, Ganmai Jujube Decoction and so on. In the aspect of dietotherapy, Zhang Zhongjing not only developed the theory of Huangdi Neijing, but also highlighted the conditioning and preventive functions of diet, initiated the combination of medicine and food to treat serious diseases and emergencies, and recorded the taboos of dietotherapy and the food hygiene that should be paid attention to. Before the Han Dynasty, although there was abundant knowledge about medicinal diet, it was still not systematic, which laid the foundation for China's medicinal diet theory.
Dietotherapy before the Han Dynasty was the basis of this theory, which had an important influence and guidance on the development of dietotherapy. The Jin and Tang Dynasties were the formative stages of medicated diet therapy. At this time, the theory of medicinal diet has developed greatly, and some special works have appeared. Gehong's Elbow Recipe in Jin Dynasty, Cui Jie's Classic of Food in Northern Wei Dynasty and Liu Xiu's Prescription in Liang Dynasty played a connecting role in the development of China's medicinal diet theory.
Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, dietotherapy has been fully embodied in some medical works. Ge Hong, a famous doctor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote "Anxious Prescription for Elbow Backup", which contains many therapeutic prescriptions, such as pear juice for cough; Honey water is sent to roast turtle shell powder for lactation; Stew red beans and white feather chicken, and cook green drake to cure edema; Treat ascites with bean juice; Treat beriberi with fermented soybean and wine. He further pointed out that "if you want to prevent it, you should also cook it with wine" and use diet to prevent diseases. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tao Hongjing wrote Notes on Materia Medica, which was the second milestone in the history of China's pharmacology development, and recorded a large number of medicinal foods, such as daily foods such as crab, fish, pig, wheat, jujube, beans, seaweed, kelp, bitter gourd, onion and ginger, and more than 100 kinds of precious foods. And put forward the taboo of food and food hygiene.
Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, wrote an article about "dietotherapy" in the book "Preparing a Thousand Daughters". At this point, dietotherapy began to become a specialized discipline, in which * * * contains 164 kinds of medicated diets, which are divided into four categories: fruits, vegetables, Gu Mi, birds and animals. Sun Simiao also pointed out: "Food can exorcise evil spirits, strengthen the internal organs, refresh the heart, and replenish qi and blood." "If you want to treat, you must first carry out diet therapy; It is not cured by diet, but by ear medication "; He also believes that "if you can properly eat the disease and send it to the epidemic, it can be described as a good job, a strange way to lure the elderly for many years, and a very healthy way." Meng E, a disciple of Sun Simiao, compiled Herbal Medicine for Dietetic Therapy. This is the first monograph on dietotherapy in China, which integrates food and traditional Chinese medicine. * * * Collected 24 1 kinds of food, and recorded its sexual taste, health care efficacy, side effects after overeating and partial eclipse and its unique processing and cooking methods in detail. At this time, there is also A Heart Guide to Dietotherapy edited by Dr. Yin Yan, and Edible Materia Medica written by Chen Shiliang in the Southern Tang Dynasty, all of which appeared in the Jin and Tang Dynasties, focusing on dietotherapy and medicated diet, and discussing the efficacy of dietotherapy in detail.
"For a rainy day" indicates that dietotherapy has become an independent discipline. The book not only focuses on the likes and dislikes of the five internal organs, food smell and meridian tropism, but also focuses on the position of dietotherapy in medicine and points out its importance. He put forward: "People who don't know how to eat reasonably are not enough to survive ..... So eating can dispel evil spirits, strengthen viscera, please the spirit and replenish blood. If you can eat and relieve the pain, it can be described as a beautiful job. " It is one of the important standards to measure the technical level of doctors whether dietotherapy and medicated diet can be used correctly to treat diseases. He also stressed: "As a doctor, the husband must first understand the source of the disease, know what disease he has committed, and treat it with food. If the diet is not cured, then give medicine. " He regards dietotherapy and medicated diet as the first choice for treating diseases, which shows that he attaches importance to dietotherapy and puts dietotherapy in a very high position. He also listed 164 kinds of medicinal foods, including 29 kinds of fruits, 50 kinds of vegetables, 27 kinds of Gu Mi and 40 kinds of birds and animals. Describe in detail the taste, toxicity, curative effect, meridian tropism, contraindications and taking methods of each food.
In the Tang Dynasty, the earliest existing pharmacological monograph named after dietotherapy appeared in China. The book was lost earlier, but its content was quoted by later related works. There are 227 kinds of medicinal foods (including animals, plants and minerals) in the book, and their properties, tastes, sources, identification and preparation are described. Under each drug, the prescription of food and its therapeutic indications are listed. The book also points out that there are regional differences in therapeutic drugs. At that time, dietotherapy and medicated diet were widely used to treat diseases and regulate health. For example, mutton and astragalus soup in Sun Simiao is an important prescription for dietotherapy to treat weakness. These medicated diets have become common therapeutic prescriptions in China and are widely used in real life. Another important work in the Tang Dynasty, The Secret of Outside Taiwan, also contains many recipes for dietotherapy and medicated diet. The book is particularly detailed about food taboos, and lists clear taboos for treating most diseases, including eating cold, greasy, meat and alcohol. These are all valuable experiences gained through long-term practice. In addition to the above, there were some monographs on dietotherapy in Sui and Tang Dynasties, both theoretical monographs on dietotherapy and practical monographs on medicated diet, which finally made dietotherapy and medicated diet an independent discipline and laid a more solid foundation for their all-round development. The Song and Yuan Dynasties were a period of all-round development of dietotherapy and medicated diet. Taiping Shenghui Prescription was formally revised in Song Dynasty, and a special "dietotherapy door" was set up, recording 160 prescriptions of medicinal diet, which can treat 28 diseases. Medicinal diet appears in the form of porridge, soup, cakes and tea. The rulers of Yuan Dynasty also attached importance to medical theory, advocated the further combination of Mongolian and Chinese medicine, and absorbed the achievements of foreign medicine. The book "Eating and Eating Right" compiled by Hu Sihui, a doctor of eating and drinking at that time, is the earliest monograph on nutrition in China, including 203 kinds of foods. In addition to talking about the treatment of diseases, from the perspective of nutrition, it is emphasized for the first time that normal people should strengthen the intake of dietary nutrients to prevent diseases, and the food hygiene and medication diet are recorded in detail.
Several rulers in the Northern Song Dynasty attached great importance to the development of medicine, and took some positive measures, such as setting up a "Medical Books Correction Bureau" to sort out medical books and a "Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau" as a pharmaceutical institution. As an independent specialty, dietotherapy has been paid enough attention to in several large-scale prescriptions compiled by officials in the Northern Song Dynasty. For example, Taiping Shenghui Fang and Shengji Zonglu both set up "dietotherapy", that is, articles devoted to dietotherapy, including 160 volumes, which are used to treat about 28 diseases, including stroke, bone wasting, three digestion, cholera, deafness, five stranguria, spleen and stomach weakness, dysentery and so on. In the prescription of medicinal diet, porridge is the most popular (such as black bean porridge, almond porridge, black bean porridge, carp porridge, barley porridge, etc.). ), which has become the mainstream of dietotherapy. In addition, there are soup, cake, tea and other dosage forms. There are different forms of wine, cakes, noodles, drinks, powder and so on. The production method is also introduced in detail in the "Total Record of Holy Sites".
The earliest monograph on nutrition in China was written by Hu Sihui, a dietotherapy doctor in Yuan Dynasty, which transcended the old concept of medicated diet and emphasized that normal people should strengthen food hygiene, adjust nutrition and prevent diseases from the perspective of nutrition. He emphasized in the book: "The way for a husband's happiness is to care about maintenance ... So people who are good at nourishing nature should eat first, don't let them eat enough, and drink first when they are thirsty, so they eat less and don't want to eat too much." There are three volumes of imperial edict. The first column is "Treasure Odor", which is a nourishing food for normal people to recuperate and strengthen their health. In the history of TCM development, he put forward the requirements for food nutrition for the first time from the perspective of health preservation and disease prevention. This paper introduces the preparation of various daily diets, including 16 kinds of soup, 6 kinds of flour, 8 kinds of flour, 4 kinds of soup and 4 kinds of porridge. Regarding the spectrum of dietotherapy drugs, there are many prescriptions for treating various diseases, such as peach kernel porridge and peeled peach kernel porridge to treat cough, chest fullness and asthma; Black ox bone marrow soup, with half a catty of black ox bone marrow, half a catty of rehmannia juice and half a catty of white honey, is a typical medicated diet for treating kidney deficiency, bone failure and emaciation. Others, such as Xiangyuan Decoction, Gouqi Tea and Litchi Cream, are simple and feasible dietotherapy remedies. The first volume divides 203 kinds of food into seven categories: rice, livestock, poultry, fish, fruit, vegetables and fodder, and introduces their properties, tastes and curative effects. "Drinking diet" is a milestone in the history of the development of Chinese medicine diet. It not only marks the maturity and high development level of Chinese dietotherapy, but also has two outstanding characteristics. First, it mainly reflects the eating habits of northern China and meets the needs of northern residents. Second, the national characteristics are very prominent. In order to meet the needs of Mongolian aristocrats in the ruling class at that time, a large number of ethnic foods were included in the book. If the product is octahedral, we must think and answer; Materials include Ma Siqian, Hasini, Huihuiqing, etc. It basically reflected the general level of dietotherapy and medicated diet in China at that time. In addition, there are Ray Wu's Daily Materia Medica, Lou Zhongzhong's Dietotherapy Theory, and Zheng Qiao's Diet Guide. Both dietotherapy and medicated diet are discussed from different aspects, and they have been raised to a considerable level.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese dietotherapy entered a more perfect stage. Almost all the books on materia medica have noticed the relationship between materia medica and dietotherapy, and the cooking and production of medicated diet have reached a high level, and most of them meet the requirements of nutrition. Compendium of Materia Medica, a famous medical work in Ming Dynasty, provided abundant information for China's dietotherapy. There are more than 300 kinds of cereals, vegetables and fruits, including dietary taboos, medication and dietary taboos. Judy recorded 4 14 kinds of edible plants in famine years in Herbal Medicine for Disaster Relief, and described their origins, names, tastes and cooking methods in detail. In addition, there are Xu Chunfu's Ancient and Modern Medical System, Lu He's Edible Materia Medica and Ningyuan's Edible Materia Medica. Among them, Jia Ming's Dietary Guidance and Wang Mengying's Interesting Diet Spectrum are famous, which still have great clinical and practical value. Dietotherapy in this period also has a prominent feature, and the idea of advocating vegetarianism has been further developed. For example, Huang Yungu's "Porridge Spectrum" and Cao Tingdong's "Lao Lao Heng Yan" both attach importance to vegetarianism, which is helpful to the development of dietotherapy and health preservation. China medicated diet has a long history since ancient times; From the imperial court to the people, it spread widely. According to some scholars' statistics, from the early Han Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty, there were more than 300 books about medicinal diet. Nowadays, the works on dietotherapy and medicated diet are colorful and widely used, and even some special medicated diet restaurants have appeared. In people's lives, medicated diet has gained unprecedented popularity, and it also enjoys a high reputation abroad and is favored. Medicinal diet is an important part of traditional diet and traditional medicine in China. Today, it has become a unique science, art and culture, which has entered thousands of households and spread all over the world.
The production of dietotherapy and medicated diet has also made new progress. For example, Xu Chunfu's 90-volume "Ancient and Modern Medical System" contains various diets such as tea, wine, vinegar, soy sauce, sauce, vegetables, meat, fresh fruit, cheese crisp and candied fruit, which meet the nutritional requirements. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, special attention was paid to dietotherapy and medicated diet for the elderly. Among them, Gao Lian's Eight Notes on Respect for Life recorded in great detail the diets suitable for the elderly, such as 38 kinds of porridge and 32 kinds of soup. Lao Heng Yan, written by Cao Cishan in Qing Dynasty, pays special attention to the application of medicated diet in the prevention and health care of the elderly, and discusses the porridge for the elderly in the most detail, proposing that "porridge can benefit people, especially the elderly", and divides the medicated porridge into three categories: the top grade is light and clear, the taste is delicious, the middle grade is inferior, and the lower grade is heavy and turbid. It is considered that "porridge for the elderly is actually eclipsed." The book puts forward 36 kinds of high-grade porridge, such as lotus seed porridge, Gordon Euryale seed porridge, almond porridge, walnut porridge and medlar leaf porridge. There are 27 kinds of porridge in China, such as Poria cocos, red beans, jujube and longan. There are 37 kinds of inferior porridge, such as Rehmannia glutinosa porridge and sheep liver porridge. Later generations are often used to nourish the elderly, strengthen the spleen and kidney, and be weak.
There are more than 30 books about dietotherapy and medicated diet in Ming Dynasty, some of which are mainly herbal medicines, such as Shen's Compendium of Edible Materia Medica, Lu He's Compendium of Edible Materia Medica, Ningyuan's Compendium of Edible Materia Medica and Li Shizhen's Compendium of Edible Materia Medica. There are also monographs on diet nutrition written from the perspective of diet conditioning and medicinal diet production, among which the famous ones are Jia Ming's Diet Instructions, Song's Diet Book, Suiyuan Menu and Interesting Diet Spectrum. Some of them still have great clinical practical value and are treasures in the precious heritage of traditional Chinese medicine.
Another prominent feature of dietotherapy at this stage is that the idea of advocating vegetarianism has been further developed and valued. "Inner Diameter" contains: "The change of paste beam leads to big furuncle". People have long noticed the harm of partial eclipse, especially high fat. Overeating and greasy food attracted the attention of doctors, so the works emphasizing vegetarianism increased correspondingly in Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, Lu He's "Edible Materia Medica" pointed out: "Grains are naturally cultivated", "All vegetables are yin, so they should be cultivated and eaten ... Vegetables have the meaning of dredging, and they should be smooth and not stagnant after eating." These thoughts not only deepened dietotherapy and nutrition, but also greatly promoted the development of health preservation.