The first month of pregnancy
Pregnancy pictures and guidance books ◎ The first month of pregnancy refers to the time within four weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.
◎ Physiological characteristics:
If a pregnant woman's menstrual cycle is 28-30 days, sperm and eggs will combine on the second weekend of pregnancy. About 4 days after fertilization, the sperm eggs that split into cell clusters reach the uterus along the fallopian tubes. In the third week, the outer membrane of the cell mass was removed to prepare for implantation. The embryonic cells at the fourth week have been firmly implanted in the uterus.
The third trimester of pregnancy to the first month of pregnancy is called embryonic bud stage. The body of the germ is 0.5- 1 cm in shape like a small hippocampus.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
In the first month of pregnancy, most pregnant women did not respond. The first month is the period when the neural tube, limbs and eyes begin to differentiate. At this time, once they encounter harmful substances, the cells of these tissues and organs stop developing and become incomplete and deformed.
Don't go to theaters, dance halls, shops and other places to avoid contact with patients with influenza, rubella and infectious hepatitis. Try not to use drugs. Both viruses and drugs may affect the baby's development.
Stay away from electromagnetic pollution. Keep a certain distance when listening to audio and watching TV. Try to use computers, microwave ovens and mobile phones as little as possible. Pregnant women should not sleep on the electric blanket when the heating has just stopped, because it will produce electromagnetic fields, which are harmful to pregnant women and fetuses.
Avoid drinking strong tea, strong coffee and cola drinks. The ideal drink for pregnant women is boiled water.
Wash clothes with soap, not washing powder; Wash dishes with detergent without harmful substances.
Be sure to wash your hands and stir-fry after cutting raw meat, and stir-fry the meat thoroughly when eating instant-boiled mutton. Prevent Toxoplasma gondii in raw meat from infecting the fetus.
Don't immerse your hands directly in cold water when washing rice and vegetables. Cold tingling may lead to miscarriage. Families without water heaters should buy some pairs of rubber gloves.
The baby doesn't need much nutrition in the first month of pregnancy. However, from now on, we must cultivate good eating habits, not picky eaters, not partial eclipse, in order to maintain a nutritional balance.
The second month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
In the second month of pregnancy (5-8 weeks), the embryo develops into an embryo. An embryo has a body and a tail, and can distinguish between eyes and ridges on hands and feet. These ridges are the fingers and toes of the future. The differentiation and formation period of most fetal organs is also called embryonic organ formation period.
In the fifth week of pregnancy, the neural tube of the embryo is gradually formed. These neural tubes will develop into brains and spines in the future.
About 7 weeks pregnant, the fetus is 2-3 cm long and weighs about 4 grams. Hands and feet are long, eyes, ears and mouth can also be seen, and the face is initially like a person.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
After the fifth week, embryos are most prone to organ differentiation, and it is still very important to avoid viruses, toxic chemicals and radiation.
If menstruation is overdue for 7 days, you should go to the hospital to confirm whether you are pregnant.
Early pregnancy reaction is the reaction of 4-7 weeks of pregnancy. Time, symptoms and degree vary from person to person. A few pregnant women have serious reactions, 80% have reactions, and some have no reactions.
Pregnancy reactions are generally manifested as nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue on an empty stomach, and no odor or odor. These reactions will naturally disappear after three months of pregnancy.
Increase sleep time by one hour every day and pay attention to rest.
Make sure you have enough oxygen and walk in the green space or tree-lined area for one hour every day.
Being happy is very important. Although you have no direct contact with your baby's nervous system, there are blood substances and endocrine exchanges, and your emotional changes will cause some chemical changes.
Choose light, delicious and digestible foods in your diet. At this time, you can eat as much as possible, and you don't have to worry too much about nutrition.
Be careful not to be short of water, so that toxic substances in the body can be excreted from the urine in time. Threatened abortion and spontaneous abortion are most likely to occur in this period, and hard action should be avoided.
The third month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
The third month of pregnancy means within four weeks from the ninth week.
By the end of the tenth week, the embryo will enter the fetal period. Fingers and toes are clearly visible, placenta begins to form, and umbilical cord gradually grows. By the eleventh week, the pregnant woman's uterus is as big as a fist. If you press around the uterus, you can feel it. At this time, the sex organs of the fetus are formed.
The fetus' body grows one millimeter every day and nine centimeters by the end of the third month.
In the third month, the early pregnancy reaction intensifies, and the enlarged uterus compresses the bottom of the bladder, which will cause frequent urination. About 0/2 weeks after pregnancy, the uterus will cross the pelvic cavity and enter the abdominal cavity, which will reduce the pressure on the bladder and improve the frequency of urination.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
Expectant mothers who are still pregnant during the most severe period of fetal teratogenesis should be wary of all kinds of viruses and chemical poisons. If you have a bad appetite, you should have a good meal and eat rich food and fresh fruits and vegetables in protein. Make it light and refreshing.
If you vomit badly, you should go to the hospital for examination. Infusion therapy is very effective.
If you feel backache, you can eat some donkey-hide gelatin and steam10g donkey-hide gelatin with proper amount of sugar. Or take Liuwei Dihuang pills twice a day for a few days. Generally speaking, normal pregnant women do not feel low back pain, which is mostly a sign of threatened abortion, and should be paid attention to and treated in time.
To ensure adequate sleep, it is best to sleep for one or two hours at noon every day.
Under the influence of a large amount of estrogen in the body, some changes have occurred in the oral cavity since this month, such as gingival congestion, edema, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of gingival papillae, which is very easy to bleed. Medically, it's called pregnancy gingivitis. Pregnant women should insist on brushing their teeth and gargling carefully in the morning and evening to prevent bacteria from multiplying in the mouth.
When the temperature is suitable, you should walk in parks and green spaces for one hour every day. Never apply cool oil after mosquito bites.
Fourth month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
The fourth month of pregnancy means within four weeks from the thirteenth week of pregnancy. At this time, the eyes, ears and nose of the fetus have been completely formed. The placenta is also mature, and the mother and fetus are closely combined.
The dangerous period that is easy to cause abortion is basically over, and July is the most stable period.
When the fetus is sixteen weeks old, it is about eighteen centimeters long, almost as big as the mother's palm and weighs about one hundred and twenty grams. The fetus is immersed in amniotic fluid and rotates back and forth as lightly as an astronaut in space.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
In the fourth month, the early pregnancy reaction disappeared.
You need to increase nutrition, ensure food quality and balance nutrition. Absorb various nutrients from various foods. Protein, calcium and iron play an important role in the production of fetal blood, meat and bones, and the demand at this stage is much larger than usual. Because of the role of vitamins and calcium, vitamin D that promotes bone growth is four times more than usual. Heat only needs to be increased by 5% to 10%.
The fourth month is the period when the baby takes root. You should eat more calcium-containing food so that the baby can grow strong roots in the fetus. Pay attention to eat less food containing more sugar, because sugar consumes calcium, which is a side effect and easy to cause obesity.
You can choose brown sugar. Brown sugar contains twice as much calcium as the same amount of white sugar, twice as much iron as white sugar, and there are many nutrients needed by human body. Has the effects of invigorating qi, invigorating middle energizer, promoting digestion, resolving food stagnation, invigorating spleen and warming stomach.
Eating less salty food and eating too much salt will lead to edema and pregnancy poisoning in the later stage.
Restrain cold drinks.
Don't use electric fans for a long time in summer, and don't stay in air-conditioned rooms for too long.
Eating too much is easy to constipation. To prevent constipation, we should eat more coarse grains and crude fiber fruits and vegetables, drink more water and exercise more. You can also drink some yogurt and honey to relax your bowels. Never abuse laxatives, which may cause uterine contraction and lead to miscarriage and premature delivery.
It is best to take a bath every day. Don't take a bath too cold or too hot. Choose a shower or bath at 34~35℃. Underwear should be made of pure cotton fabric with good breathability and hygroscopicity, which should be changed every day. Experiments have proved that chemical fiber bra is an important cause of postpartum breast hydrops.
The fifth month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
The fifth month of pregnancy refers to the four weeks after the seventeenth week of pregnancy. During this period, the motor and sensory nerves of the fetus have begun to develop, and there are subtle muscle activities. The liver began to produce blood, and the whole body began to grow hair and nails. The fetus is 23-25cm long and weighs 250-300g.
The abdomen bulge of pregnant women began to be obvious.
18~20 gestational weeks will feel fetal movement.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
When fetal movement first appeared, it seemed that the intestines were crawling. The fetal movement is not very active at this time, and it may not be felt every day. You don't have to panic because you can't feel fetal movement one day.
Watch your weight. The average weight of pregnant women will increase by 10~ 12.5 kg. Mothers' obesity is easy to induce fetal developmental abnormalities such as diabetes and pregnancy poisoning.
If possible, prepare a weighing scale at home and weigh it once a week. Weight gain in the second trimester of pregnancy should not exceed 500 grams per week.
The enlarged uterus makes it necessary for you to sleep on your side, especially on your left. But a single left supine position will compress the heart, so proper left-right alternation is necessary.
It is not advisable to sleep in a soft bed for the convenience of turning over.
Due to the changes of hormones in the body after pregnancy, skin itching may occur. Pruritus of pregnant women's skin is a common physiological phenomenon during pregnancy, and it will disappear without special treatment after birth. Taking a bath frequently, changing underwear frequently, avoiding irritating food, ensuring adequate sleep and unobstructed defecation all help to relieve itchy skin.
The phenomenon of leg cramps is mainly caused by calcium deficiency in pregnant women's blood.
Pregnant women with butterfly-shaped "pregnancy spots" on their faces should wear sun hats when going out.
This month's prenatal examination should be done by B-ultrasound to understand the fetal size, activity, heartbeat, amniotic fluid volume, placenta position, organ development and so on.
The sixth month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
The sixth month after 20 weeks of pregnancy. At this stage, the fetus has grown hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, and strong bones, but there is no subcutaneous fat, so it is very thin. The fetus can move freely in plenty of amniotic fluid, and even "hold the big head down".
Fetal fat began to adhere to the skin surface.
The fetus is about 30 cm long and weighs about 650 grams.
The pregnant woman's belly is close to the typical pregnant woman's figure. The height of the fundus is 18~2 1 cm.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women: pregnant women with loose abdomen should be worn. Silk and pure cotton fabrics are light and soft, breathable and hygroscopic, which is better than chemical fiber fabrics.
Because calcium and other ingredients are absorbed by the fetus, you sometimes have toothache or stomatitis, so pay attention to oral hygiene.
During this period, some pregnant women will have edema in their feet or calves. Standing, squatting for too long or the bandage is too tight will aggravate edema. Generally, edema is not accompanied by hypertension, and urinary protein is a normal phenomenon after pregnancy.
If the edema gets worse, you should go to the hospital for examination.
Pay attention to prevent constipation, eat more foods containing crude fiber, such as green leafy vegetables and fruits, and drink more water at least every day.
Six cups of boiled water. Pregnant women with edema should drink less water at night and drink enough during the day.
Pregnancy is prone to urinary tract infection. Drinking more water is an effective way to ensure smooth urine circulation. Experiments have proved that the fetus who is pregnant for six months has the ability of memory, hearing and learning. You can start music prenatal education. Ensure adequate sleep, proper activities and good nutritional supplements. The most important thing is to keep a happy mood.
The seventh month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
During this period, the eyelids of the fetus are open and there are already sleeping eyelashes. The fetal brain is also very developed, and the sensory system is also obviously developed. Fetal eyes are sensitive to light and shade, and hearing also develops, but hearing development will not be completed until the eighth month of pregnancy. It is 35-38cm long and weighs about1000g.
The height of pregnant women's palace is about 26 cm.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
Ensure adequate sleep. During sleep, the mother's pituitary gland will continuously produce hormones to promote fetal growth.
The quality of food is more important, so it is advisable to supply more animal food and bean food. Advocate the diversification of food.
Learning abdominal breathing can deliver enough oxygen to the fetus. The correct posture is: keep your knees straight, put a small cushion behind your back, relax your whole body and put your hands gently on your stomach. Then start to do abdominal breathing and inhale through the nose until the stomach swells; When exhaling, slowly and forcefully narrow your mouth until you finally spit out all the air in your body. Be careful when exhaling; exhaling is harder and slower than inhaling. Do it more than three times a day.
Prenatal education in this period should continue to listen to music for the fetus. In addition, touching your abdomen is also a good prenatal education method. The actions of touching include touching, shaking, rubbing or patting. Three or four times a day. When you can touch the head, back and limbs of the fetus, you can pat it gently. Touching and talking to the fetus at the same time is more beneficial to the fetus.
Fathers should also be involved in touching and talking to the fetus. Breast cleaning and massage are necessary. At this stage, pregnant women's feet are prone to edema. You'd better put your feet a little higher when you sleep.
Eight months pregnant, fold and edit this paragraph.
◎ Physiological characteristics:
At this time, the fetus is close to maturity and can survive even if it is separated from the mother. His small body muscles are very small, his legs are kicking and jumping, and he is much stronger than before. The auditory system developed at this time. By the thirtieth week of pregnancy, you can see the fetal brain waves. At this time, the fetal consciousness activity began to sprout. The fetal head moves slowly under the uterus to prepare for delivery.
The fetus is about 40cm long and weighs1800g.
The height of pregnant women's uterine bottom reaches 25~27 cm.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
Beware of pregnancy poisoning in the third trimester.
The main manifestations of pregnancy poisoning are edema, proteinuria and hypertension. Controlling weight, maintaining nutritional balance and getting enough sleep are effective measures to prevent this disease.
You can use fetal movement to monitor your baby at home. Every morning, noon and evening, the fetal movement number is measured for one hour and three times, and multiplied by four to get the twelve-hour fetal movement number. Normal 30~ 100 times.
If the fetal movement is less than 3 times per hour or more than half of the previous day, it means that the fetus is hypoxic in the uterus and should go to the hospital for emergency treatment.
In order to prevent the nipple from chapping when breastfeeding in the future, always scrub the nipple and then apply some grease.
Confidence in breastfeeding will be the basic guarantee for the success of postpartum breastfeeding.
Protein should eat more foods containing minerals and vitamins with high nutritional value. It is necessary to control the intake of fat and starchy foods, so as to avoid the difficulty of natural delivery caused by fetal obesity.
Apply liquid vitamin E or grease to the abdomen to increase the elasticity of abdominal skin and reduce the appearance of stretch marks. Don't be lazy and pass the time at will.
Ninth month
◎ Physiological characteristics:
The ninth month refers to the four weeks after the 32nd week of pregnancy.
At this time, some parts of the fetal brain are not yet mature, but they are quite developed. For external stimuli, he (she) can not only respond with whole body movements, but also with facial expressions, with expression changes that he (she) likes or hates.
This month's fetus began to respond to the light from the mother.
Every organ of the fetus is mature, and the body becomes round and shiny. It is about 45 cm long and weighs about 2500 grams.
In the ninth month of pregnancy, the fundus is about 30 cm high.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
The bigger and bigger abdomen makes you flustered, wheezing and full of stomach. Pay attention to eating at once, don't eat too much, eat less and eat more meals, and take snacks as part of your diet.
Mild light energy without glare enhances the rhythm of fetal brain's response to light and shade, and promotes the development and maturity of brain. It is suggested that the future father move with a flashlight to illuminate the future mother's abdomen and train the baby's sensitivity to light.
With the expansion of the abdomen, the digestive function continues to decline, which is more likely to cause constipation. Eat more potatoes, seaweed and fiber-rich vegetables.
Heavy body increases the burden on leg muscles, leading to cramps and pain. You can massage your legs or raise the mat before going to bed.
Many pregnant women have low back pain, so don't worry too much about natural recovery after delivery.
Due to mental fatigue and anxiety, fetal movement, limited sleeping posture and other factors, you may often suffer from insomnia. Don't worry, you can't sleep. Just read a book for a while and you will fall asleep naturally.
It's still far from the due date, but there is a lot of contraction pain or bleeding. This is a symptom of premature delivery. You should go to the hospital immediately.
It's time to arrange family affairs, because you may suddenly be hospitalized at any time. Don't surprise your family because the housewife is away.
It's almost time to sprint. Don't use your stomach as an excuse to indulge yourself. A deep sleep and moderate exercise will help to give birth smoothly.
Matters needing attention
Alcohol, cigarettes and cheese, etc. It's not easy to conceive in October. It looks like a prison term, but it's worth it. You know, even a little alcohol can affect the fetus.
Every cigarette taken during pregnancy will take away the oxygen in the baby's body and deliver harmful carbon monoxide to it. This is not entirely certain, but smoking is indeed closely related to sudden infant death syndrome.
Women who consume too much caffeine during pregnancy can cause miscarriage. The researchers found through experiments that if pregnant women drink two or more cups of coffee every day, the risk of miscarriage is higher than that of pregnant women who don't drink caffeinated drinks 1 times. A pregnant woman can only consume less than 200 milligrams of caffeine a day, and almost a cup of fresh coffee or two cups of tea is enough. If pregnant women drink more than 8 cups of coffee every day, it may hinder the blood flow to the placenta, but make caffeine flow to the placenta, which may inhibit the development of fetal cells. Recent research also shows that children born to coffee addicts have a high heart rate at birth, which makes it difficult for them to fall asleep in the first few days.
Caffeinated drinks and foods: Coffee, cocoa, tea, chocolate and cola drinks all contain caffeine. Women who plan to get pregnant or pregnant women will have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache and rapid heartbeat after drinking a lot. Caffeine will also enter the fetus through the placenta, stimulate the excitement of the fetus, affect the normal development of fetal brain, heart, liver and other organs, and make the fetus lighter after birth. Therefore, women who plan to get pregnant and pregnant women should eat as little as possible.
Spicy food: Pepper, pepper, pepper and other condiments are irritating. If pregnant women or pregnant women eat a lot of these foods, digestive dysfunction will occur. Therefore, try to avoid eating this kind of food.
Alcohol: Alcohol is an important factor leading to fetal malformation and mental retardation.
Sugar: The metabolism of sugar in the human body will consume a lot of calcium, and calcium deficiency during pregnancy will affect the development of fetal teeth and bones. Sugar can also make pregnant women overweight.
MSG: The ingredient of MSG is sodium glutamate. Eating too much will affect the absorption of zinc, which is not conducive to the development of fetal nervous system.