(1) Root vegetables refer to vegetables with swollen fleshy straight roots as edible parts. Include radish, carrot, kohlrabi, turnip, root beet, etc. I like a mild and cold climate during the growing period. In the first year of growth, fleshy roots are formed, which store a lot of nutrients, and bolting, flowering and fruiting in the second year. Generally, it goes through vernalization period at low temperature and illumination period under long sunshine. Soft and deep soil is needed. Reproduce with seeds.
(2) Chinese cabbage is eaten with tender leaves, bulbs, tender stems and flower balls. Such as cabbage (Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage), cabbage (cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli), mustard tuber (mustard tuber, mustard seed, mustard tuber). The growing season needs a humid and cool climate and sufficient water and fertilizer conditions. If the temperature is too high and the climate is dry, the growth will be poor. In addition to harvesting flower stems and bulbs, leaves or bulbs are generally formed in the first year, and bolting, flowering and bearing fruit in the second year. Early bolting should be avoided in cultivation. They are propagated by seeds, direct seeding or seedling transplantation.
(3) Green leafy vegetables are eaten with tender leaves or stems. Such as lettuce, celery, spinach, chrysanthemum, coriander, amaranth, water spinach, sunflower and so on. Most of them are biennial, such as lettuce, celery and spinach. There are also annual ones, such as amaranth and water spinach. * * * The same characteristics are short growth period, suitable for close planting and intercropping, and extremely sufficient water and nitrogen fertilizer are needed. According to the different temperature requirements, it can be divided into two categories: spinach, celery, chrysanthemum and coriander. They prefer cold to heat, and the suitable growth temperature is 15℃ ~ 20℃, which can withstand short-term frost, among which spinach has the strongest cold resistance. Amaranth, spinach, sunflower, etc. Prefer warm to cold, and the suitable growth temperature is about 25℃. Those who like cold are mainly cultivated in autumn and winter, and can also be cultivated in early spring.
(4) Garlic feeds on bulbs (swollen leaf sheaths), pseudostems (leaf sheaths), tubular leaves or banded leaves. Such as onion, garlic, green onion, leek, leek and so on. The root system is underdeveloped, the water and fertilizer absorption capacity is poor, fertile and moist soil is needed, and it is generally cold-resistant. Bulbs are formed by vernalization under long light and low temperature. It can be propagated by seeds (onion, scallion and leek) or asexually propagated (garlic, scallion and leek). Autumn and spring are the main planting seasons.
(5) Solanaceae refers to solanaceae vegetables whose edible parts are fruits. Including tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, which need fertile soil and high temperature, can not be cold-resistant. The length of sunshine is not strict, but sufficient light is needed in flowering period. Seed propagation, generally in winter or early spring, uses the expansion to breed seedlings and plants them in the field after the climate gets warmer.
(6) Cucurbitaceae refers to cucurbitaceae vegetables whose edible parts are fruits. Include pumpkin, cucumber, melon, gourd, wax gourd, towel gourd and bitter gourd. Stems are like vines, monoecious, but with different flowers. According to the habit of flowering and fruiting, there are zucchini and early cucumber, which mainly bear main vines. There are early-bearing melons and gourds, and there are also many fruits with lateral vines. There are also melons, loofahs, bitter melons and watermelons that can bear fruit almost at the same time. Melons need high temperature and plenty of sunshine. Watermelon, melon and pumpkin have developed roots and strong drought tolerance. Other melons have weak roots and need moist soil. In production, the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth is regulated by measures such as coring and pruning. Seed propagation, direct seeding or seedling transplantation. Spring sowing and summer harvest, some harvest can be postponed to autumn, and some autumn harvest is sown in summer.
(7) Leguminous vegetables eaten with tender pods or beans. Include kidney bean, cowpea, broad bean, pea, lentil, sword bean, etc. Except peas and broad beans, which have weak cold tolerance and can survive the winter, others are not frost-tolerant, so they should be cultivated in warm season. Bean nodules have biological nitrogen fixation, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is not as high as that of leafy vegetables and root vegetables. Seed propagation, seedling raising and transplanting.
(8) Potatoes and tubers are underground tubers or tubers, including potatoes of Solanaceae, taro of Araceae, yam of Dioscoreaceae, and bean potatoes of Leguminosae. These vegetables are rich in starch, resistant to storage and need loose and fertile soil. Except for the short growth period of potato, it is not resistant to high temperature, and other growth periods are long, resistant to heat and freezing. They are all propagated by plants.
(9) Aquatic vegetables need to grow in swamp areas. Such as lotus root, water bamboo, arrowhead, water chestnut, cress, water chestnut and so on. Suitable for planting in ponds, lakes or rice fields. When I was growing up, I liked the hot climate and fertile soil. Except for water chestnut and Euryale ferox, others are generally asexual reproduction.
(10) Perennial vegetables refer to vegetables that can be harvested for many years after being planted once. Such as day lily, asparagus, lily and other perennial herbal vegetables and perennial woody vegetables such as bamboo shoots and Toona sinensis. These vegetables have developed roots, strong drought resistance and low requirements for soil. Generally it is asexual reproduction or seed reproduction.
(1 1) Edible fungi refer to edible non-toxic mushrooms, straw mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes, dictyophora indusiata, Hericium erinaceus, auricularia auricula and tremella. They do not contain chlorophyll, nor can they make organic matter for their own growth. Existing nutrients must be absorbed from other organisms or remains and excreta. Cultivation of edible fungi requires warm, moist and fertile culture medium. Commonly used culture media include livestock manure, cottonseed hull, plant straw and so on.