Into the senior three, in order to facilitate the candidates more comprehensive review of geographic knowledge, for you to collect all the knowledge points of high school geography for review and preparation, welcome to refer to!

I. Characterize the location of a place:

① Latitudinal location (high latitude? Middle latitude? low latitude?) ② land and sea position

③ relative position (relationship with the famous geographical things in the place)

Second, the climate

1. Factors affecting the strength of solar radiation:

① the sun's altitude angle (determined by latitude) ② atmospheric conditions (weather, climate) ? ③ altitude (high altitude, thin air, weakening effect is weak. Solar radiation is strong) ? ④ length of sunshine

2. Factors affecting high and low temperatures:

① latitudinal position (solar radiation) ② topography and terrain (altitude? occlusion? Leeward slope? Windward slope? Barrier to air currents?)

③ atmospheric circulation ④ sea and land location and sea and land distribution (winter continental temperatures lower than the ocean, higher than the ocean in summer)

⑤ ocean currents ⑥ the heat capacity of the subsurface, albedo, etc. (vegetation conditions)

3. Factors affecting the amount of precipitation:

① atmospheric circulation (baroclinic and wind zones; monsoon circulation; the center of atmospheric activity) ② ocean currents ? ③ sufficient water vapor, condensation nuclei, updrafts ④ topography (windward slope?), the windward slope? ④ Topography (windward slopes? leeward slopes? ④ Topography (windward slopes? leeward slopes? airflow obstructions?)

⑤ Land and sea position (distance from the sea? ⑤ Land and sea position (offshore wind, onshore wind?)

4. Factors affecting the size of the air pressure:

① terrain (elevation) → air pressure decreases with increasing altitude ② temperature → the same altitude temperature is high and air pressure is low

5. Factors affecting the climate:

① latitudinal position (solar radiation, determining the amount of heat) ? ② atmospheric circulation (precipitation)

③ subsurface (sea and land position, topography, ocean currents, surface conditions, etc.) ? Human activities (affecting microclimate and global warming)

6. Factors affecting the annual difference in temperature

①Latitudinal position (the higher the latitude, the greater the annual difference in temperature)

②Subsurface A. Sea and land position (difference in heat capacity between sea and land) B. Terrain elevation (H rises, T difference falls)

7. Reasons affecting the size of the daily difference in temperature

1) Atmospheric conditions ? p> ①Atmospheric conditions ? ② land and sea position (differences in thermal properties) ? ③ the subsurface (vegetation cover, vegetation type) ④ latitude

8. China's winter temperatures north-south temperature difference in the influence of factors

① latitude location (solar radiation): winter direct sunlight in the southern hemisphere, the south of the latitude is low, the height of the sun at midday is greater than in the north, the day grows longer than in the north, the acquisition of solar radiation more than the north ? ② the north is close to the source of winter winds, winter winds exacerbate the cold in the north, and by the cold wave influence

9. China's summer temperature difference between the north and the south of the factors

① the summer sun direct sunlight in the northern hemisphere, the northern noonday solar altitude is smaller than in the south, but daytime longer than in the south,

so get the sun's heat is not less than in the south ② the southern rainy season is long, more clouds

10. Reasons for the summer heat in the Tulufan Basin and the formation of a high value center

① deep inland, rapid warming in summer ② low altitude, high temperatures ③ surrounded by mountains, occluded topography, the heat is not easy to diffuse ④ arid climate with few clouds, sunny days, strong solar radiation ⑤ the influence of incendiary winds

11. Factors that make the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau less subject to the influence of the winter winds

① farther away from the origin of the winter winds ① farther away from the source of winter winds ② north of the east-west mountain range (such as: Qinling) of the barrier ③ plateau topography, high terrain

12. Yangtze River Basin, "three rivers, big furnace" formation factors

① located in the valley, the terrain is closed, it is not easy to heat

① located in the valley, the terrain is closed, it is not easy to dissipate heat? ② is located in the summer wind leeward slope, and the air flow downward warming ③ deep inland, the climate is strong continental, summer warming faster ④ July and August by the control of the sub-high, the prevailing downward air flow, the weather is sunny, the solar radiation is strong, the temperature is high (ambient drought) ⑤ large cities, the heat island effect is strong

13. Taiwan's burning squatters in the country's annual precipitation of the first factor

① is located in the mountain slopes windward slope, the summer by the south-eastern monsoon and the warmth of Taiwan's heat island effect

① the windward slope, the summer by the windward slope of the southeast monsoon and Taiwan's warmth. Summer by the southeast monsoon and Taiwan's warm current, precipitation is abundant

② winter, the northeast monsoon through the ocean surface temperature and humidity increase, by the mountain uplift, precipitation is abundant

14. Tulufan Basin in the Tocsun annual precipitation in the country's lowest influencing factors

① deep inland, the ocean air flow is difficult to reach ? ② topographic isolation, surrounded by mountains, water vapor is difficult to enter

15. Climate non-zonal distribution of factors

① topographic relief ② ocean currents ③ land and sea distribution

16. Factors affecting the formation of rainstorms

① a constant supply of water vapor ? ② strong upward air currents ③ Long duration of weather systems that form precipitation

17. Analysis of the factors that cause long and cold winters in Russia

① High latitudinal position. The low solar radiation, low temperatures ② north of the Arctic Ocean, by the polar cold air currents have a great impact

③ most of the region deep inside the Asian and European continents, far from the sea, low temperatures in winter

18.Upper Yansk become the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere

① latitude: high latitude position, access to solar radiation is less, the temperature is low

② land and sea location: deep inside the Asian and European continents, the continental precipitation in the winter

② sea and land location: deep in the ①Latitude: high latitude position, access to solar radiation, low temperatures

②Location of land and sea: deep in the interior of the continent of Asia and Europe, the continent cools quickly in winter

③Atmospheric circulation: by the polar cold air currents have a great impact

④Topography and terrain: high topography, low temperatures, the terrain was "horseshoe" to the north of the openings, so that the accumulation of the south of the cold air

19.

① by the subtropical high pressure control and the southeast trade winds, air flow sinking, prevailing offshore winds, precipitation

② Peru cold flow through, reduce temperature and humidity

20. the reasons for the narrow tropical desert climate in western South America

① terrain: the Andes influence

① ocean currents: Peru cold current, the Peru cold current, the Peru cold current, the Peru cold current. ② ocean currents: the Peruvian cold current to reduce the temperature and humidity

21. Antarctica has become the world's "cold pole" of the influence of factors

① high latitude, the surface of the solar radiation is less ② high terrain, the temperature ③ ice and snow black cover, ice and snow on the reflection of solar radiation is extremely strong

④ latitude of 400 to 600 south of the westerly winds ⑤ West wind drift, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current hinders the exchange of heat between seawater at high latitudes and seawater at middle and low latitudes

22. Factors affecting precipitation in Antarctica

① Polar high pressure control, prevailing sinking air currents. Factors affecting precipitation in Antarctica

① controlled by the polar high pressure, the prevailing downdrafts

② very low temperatures, evaporation is weak, the water vapor content in the air is very low, the air is dry

23. Climate type ? ② temperature (high and low? Winter and summer temperatures are high and low ? Seasonal variations in temperature, large inter-annual variations ?)

③ Precipitation (how much annual precipitation? Precipitation seasonal and inter-annual variations)

④ Combination of temperature and precipitation (especially monsoon, plus "rain and heat at the same time")

① Type of terrain (plain, hill, plateau, basin, mountain)

② Terrain (size of the ups and downs, elevation, direction of inclination)

③ Name of the terrain area

① Terrain type (plains, hills, plateaus, basins, mountains)

② Terrain (undulation, altitude, direction of inclination) p>

④ combination of landforms (only in large areas) ⑤ direction of terrain inclination (determined by the direction of river flow)

25. The reasons why the temperature on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is lower than that of the surrounding areas:

① high terrain, low temperature; ② winter by the influence of the Kunming quasi-stationary fronts of the cold air masses

③ is located on the slope of the summer winds from the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the atmosphere is rich in water content. Thicker cloud cover

Stronger weakening ability of solar radiation, lower temperatures

④ Numerous lakes on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, good vegetation, the climate regulation effect is obvious, the temperature is also lower

26. Return to the desert belt, "oasis" (23 ° 26 ′ through the southeastern part of China) the formation of the factors

① sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea. p>

① sea and land position? ② climate and precipitation ③ typhoon influence

Third, topography and geology

1. Generalization of topographic features

① terrain (high? Low? Inclined? undulating?) ② elevation ③ types of terrain, distribution ? ③Topography type and distribution ④Topography combination status, combination structure

Characteristics of contour (value) line distribution: ①Sparse and dense ②Towards ③Direction of value change ④Degree and direction of curvature ⑤Center of high and low values

2. Factors influencing the shape of the earth's surface:

①Internal forces: earthquakes, volcanoes, metamorphism (folding, faults)

②External forces: weathering, erosion, transport, deposition, sedimentation, and faults

②External forces: wind, erosion, transport, deposition, and sedimentation. Tulufan Basin, Hami Basin formation causes ① internal force: crustal fracture subsidence and formed

4. Ili River Valley formation causes ① internal force: crustal fracture subsidence and formed ② Ili River carrying sediment accumulation

5. Yarlung Zangbo River Valley formation causes

① internal force: located in the combination of the Asian-European and Indian Ocean plates, by the ② external force: river erosion downcut

7. Hengduan Mountain Range causes

① internal force: the collision of the Asia-Europe plate and the Indian Ocean plate extrusion, uplift

② external force: the place is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, precipitation, water erosion and river cutting strong

8. Taiwan Mountain Range causes

① internal force: the collision of Asia-European plate and the Pacific Ocean plate extrusion, uplift

① internal force: Asia-Europe plate and the Pacific Ocean plate collision extrusion, uplift

① external force: the collision of the Asia-European plate and the Pacific Ocean plate collision extrusion, uplift

8. The collision and extrusion of the Asia-Europe plate and the Pacific plate, and the uplift of the plate to form

9. Factors affecting the intensity of earthquakes:

① the magnitude of the earthquake itself and the depth of the earthquake source ② the size of the distance between the epicenter of the epicenter of the earthquake

③ the geologic structure of the situation (the development of faults?).

10. Causes of the North China Plain

① Internal force: subsidence of the earth's crust ? ② External force: the accumulation of sediment carried by the Haihe, Yellow and Huaihe Rivers

11. Causes of alluvial fans in the foothills of the Northwest Mountains and the Taihang Mountains

External force: the rivers carry sediment out of the mountains, and a large amount of sand and gravel accumulates in front of the mountains due to the slowing down of the flow rate

12. Causes of the formation of Fen River Valley and Weihe River Plain

① Internal force: fracture of the earth's crust subsidence

12. ②External force: the Fen River and Wei River carry sediment accumulation

13. Factors affecting multiple earthquakes

① Near the plate boundary ?

14. folds and topography: folds: the early stage: the dorsal slope into a valley, dorsal slope into a mountain; later, due to internal and external forces, the top of the dorsal slope to keep the tension is easy to break up, erosion into a valley; to the oblique groove part of the extrusion becomes solid, not easy to be eroded, the formation of mountain ranges.

Faults and terrain: the formation of a block of mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Lushan, Mount Huashan; graben: Weihe Valley, Fenhe Valley

15. Congo Basin formation: Congo Basin was originally an inland lake, after the uplift of the Earth's crust, the river undercutting, the lake out of the diarrhea and become.

16. Dead Sea (Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, Fen River Valley, Weihe River Valley) cause: the role of internal forces ---- rupture subsidence

17. North America's five freshwater lakes (European fjords, lakes) cause: the role of external forces ---- glaciation

Four, hydrology (rivers and lakes)

1, the hydrological characteristics of rivers: flow size, seasonal changes, sand content, freezing period, flood season, dry season

2, the river system characteristics: flow direction, flow, watershed area, the status of the river bends, the shape of the water system (fan, tree, pinnacle, centripetal, etc.);

How many tributaries,

3. ① the recharge of the river (how much precipitation) (how much snow and ice melt water) ② the basin area ③ the number of tributaries ④ human activities

4. factors regulating river runoff: ① reservoirs, lakes, ② the regulation of forests and other vegetation ③ terraces, the regulation of the leveled land

④ regulation of the tributaries of the river (the regulation of the system) ⑤ the regulation of groundwater

5. factors affecting the value of the river's navigation

5. Factors affecting the shipping value of rivers:

Natural causes: topography and flow velocity, water volume and seasonal changes, ice age, sand content

Social causes: population and urban density of the area through which the river flows, the level of economic development

6. Reasons for the shipping value of the rivers of Western Europe is large: the river is full of water, the water level is stable, the sand content is small, there is no ice age, the value of shipping is large.

The reason why the navigation value of the Russian Ob (Yenisei, Lena) is not large: high latitude, long freezing period, and the phenomenon of flooding.

7. Factors affecting the temperature of the sea water:

① solar radiation (heat gain and loss) ← latitude ? ② ocean currents ③ land climate

8. the salinity of the sea water size factors:

① precipitation, evaporation (climate, latitude) ② currents (warm currents through the: high salinity; cold currents through the salinity of low)

③ icing, melting ice ④ injection of river runoff ? ⑤ exchange with the outside sea water (whether the sea is closed)

9. Factors affecting the size of the tide: (Qiantang River tide)

① topographic conditions (whether the mouth is large and small inside the trumpet-shaped opening)? ② meteorological conditions (wind direction)

③ astronomical conditions (sun, moon, location) on the first and fifteenth day of the astronomical tide

10. Factors affecting the amount of water resources:

① precipitation, evaporation (the size of the runoff of the river)? ② active degree of the water cycle

11. Factors affecting the formation of fishing grounds:

① continental shelf: the depth of the sea water and how much sunlight ② runoff (freshwater rivers): the amount of nutrients

③ latitude: temperate waters ④ currents: cold and warm currents convergence or upwelling

12. Factors affecting the formation of marshes

① topography: low-lying, easy to accumulate water, poorly drained ①Topography and terrain: low-lying, easy to accumulate water, poor drainage

②Meteorological conditions: high altitude or latitude, low temperatures, evaporation is small, the surface of the water

③Water conditions: water from rivers, mountain ice melt, river flooding, floods caused by the surface water in the depressions to gather

④Geological conditions: the ground is permafrost, the surface water is not easy to seep

⑤Human activities

⑤Human activities

①The formation of swamps: the formation of the surface water is not easy. ⑤ human activities

13. the formation of flooding influences

① high latitude location, the temperature is below 0 ℃, there is ice phenomenon ? ② rivers flow from low latitude to high latitude

V. Integral and Differential Geography

1. Factors affecting the spectrum of vertical zones: ① latitude, ② the relative height of the mountains

2. Differences in the natural zones of the northern and southern slopes of the Himalayas:

① the natural zones of the southern slope are more complex than the northern slope ? ② north and south slopes of the same natural zone in the distribution, the south slope lower than the north slope elevation

③ south slope base zone for the forest, the north slope for the alpine meadow grassland ? ④ The snow glaciers on the south slope are lower in elevation than the north slope

3. Analysis of the factors affecting the above differences:

① The south slope is lower in latitude than the north slope, and the base zone is at a lower elevation, with a larger relative altitude ② The south slope is a sunny slope, and the north slope is a leeward slope

③ The south slope is oriented to the Indian Ocean, and is affected by monsoon winds, and the precipitation is more abundant than that on the north slope

4. Determinants affecting the height of the snow line:

① Air temperature is the same as that of the north and south slopes, with the north slope as alpine meadow grassland

4. p>

① temperature: latitude, sunny slopes, leeward slopes, T rise, the higher the snow line

② precipitation: oceanic (wet climate → snow line down)

continental (dry climate → snow line up) windward slopes → snow line down ? Leeward slopes → snow line rises