Carcinoid, also known as carcinoid tumor, is a new group of organisms that occur in argyrophilic cells of gastrointestinal tract and other organs, and its clinical, histochemical and biochemical characteristics may vary according to its location. This kind of tumor can secrete 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), kinins, histamine and other biologically active factors, causing vascular dyskinesia, gastrointestinal symptoms, heart and lung diseases, etc., which is called carcinoid syndrome.

clinical picture

Carcinoid itself has no obvious symptoms or only local symptoms, while carcinoid syndrome often has obvious systemic symptoms. Rectal carcinoid is often accidentally found in general surveys.

1. Local symptoms of carcinoid

Often accompanied by the following local symptoms, right lower abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction symptoms, abdominal mass, gastrointestinal bleeding, respiratory symptoms and so on.

2. Systemic symptoms of carcinoid syndrome

Most of them are caused by malignant carcinoid of small intestine after liver metastasis, and they can also be caused by carcinoid of bronchus, stomach, pancreas, thyroid and ovary. It is often accompanied by skin flushing, gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, etc. Cardiopathy is the main cause of death for carcinoid patients, and more than 90% of patients have liver metastasis and often have signs of hepatomegaly.

Clinically, the possibility of carcinoid should be considered in any of the following situations: ① The possibility of small intestinal carcinoid should be suspected in patients with right abdominal mass, long-term weight loss and a history of diarrhea; ② Intermittent diarrhea, facial telangiectasia, paroxysmal flushing, asthma or mental symptoms that can't be explained by other reasons indicate the existence of carcinoid syndrome. If accompanied by hepatomegaly, the possibility of this disease should be considered more. ③ The possibility of colon carcinoid should be considered for chronic low intestinal obstruction with hematochezia, which has a relatively long course of disease and is generally in good condition; ④ Young patients with no smoking history, lung mass and long-term survival, except for other lesions, suggest that bronchopulmonary carcinoid is possible.

Williams divided carcinoid into three types according to the different characteristics of the origin of carcinoid. The three types are different in cytology, histochemistry, biochemistry and clinical manifestations, as well as in treatment.

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