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The Original Text and Appreciation of Farewell, Friend in Huai Shang Zheng Gu
Zheng Gu

Yangtze River Yangtze River Chun Lv, Xiaoyao De is dancing around the river to kill people.

The breeze blows gently, the flute whimpers and dyes the pavilion at dusk. You are going to Xiaoxiang, and I am going to the west Qinling.

Zheng Gu was born in Yichun, Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi). This poem is about seeing his friends off on the bank of Huaihe River, so it is a poem about seeing them off. The Huaihe River originates from Tongbai Mountain in Henan Province, flows through Anhui Province and flows eastward into Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province. Zheng Gu's friends will go to Hunan via Jiangsu (that is, "Xiaoxiang" in the poem), and Zheng Gu will go to Shaanxi (Qin) via Henan. Two friends, one in the south and the other in the north, run counter to each other. The farther they go, the harder it will be to meet each other in the future, so they left their feelings and became poems.

The first two sentences of this poem are written in the spring when poplar leaves are green and catkins are flying. His friend went south from Huai, and was going to cross the river to Hunan. Here the first sentence "Yangtze River" refers to the land, "Spring" refers to the scenery, and "Willow" refers to the scenery. When people in the Tang Dynasty bid farewell, they always folded willows as gifts, so it was shocking to see them. In the second sentence, Huayang is catkin and Huayang is snow, which is also easy to cause people's sadness. The so-called "stirring spring sorrow like catkins" exaggerates "worrying about killing", which further strengthens the separation of people crossing the river in place, time and scenery.

The last two sentences describe the scene when the poet broke up with his friend. "Bagpipes" refers to the sound of flutes rippling in the wind and gradually disappearing with the wind. The first two sentences have already talked about the willow tree, so we can know that the tune played in this flute should be the broken willow tree. At this point, the poet has written his farewell message, with the word "late" at the end of the sentence. He has written about the frequent tilting of the glass and the repeated playing of the flute until dusk. Therefore, the connotation of the word "late" is extremely rich. The conclusion is that friends go south and go north by themselves, and the contrast between the north and the south is strong, which not only highlights the theme, but also enhances the artistic appeal. Shen Deqian pointed out: "Sentences do not leave feelings, but are taken from words." (Don't Cut Tang Poems, Volume 20)

This farewell work first repeatedly plays up the feelings of parting in front, and only at the end of the sentence does it point out that the poet is "seeing the guests off". This structural feature makes the ending of this poem full of emotion. He Sunyi said in "The Raft of Poetry": "Poetry has extremely vulgar language, which is tasteless for writing, but it is wonderful to use it. For example, Zheng Gu's "Farewell to Old Friends in Huaishang" says that the title means "Xiang Jun Xiaoxiang I Qin Xiang". If you say it from the beginning, it is shallow and tasteless; This is actually a kind of artistic conception, which makes readers linger and feel that there are still dozens of sentences left unfinished. " The success of this poem is that the author is good at writing, and the four images of river, willow, Huayang and flute constitute the swaying artistic conception, thus showing endless separation. This poem is natural and smooth, with smooth tuning and full of the beauty of rhyme, that is, through the intentional repetition of homophones, it has caused the effect of swaying back and forth.

Turn one sentence into three sentences, and you will feel lingering. Nothing interesting, just write two words "Xiang". ([Ming] Chen Jiru's Three Poems of Tang Dynasty)

In the late Tang dynasty, people made quatrains very well, but they felt declining, so it was no longer a shock to levy the Tang Dynasty. The word "Yang" can be used in two sentences, that is, it is a crime, and there are wonderful sentences for people who commit felony, which can't be done unless it is in the Tang Dynasty. Today, people are sick in serious language, which is ridiculous. Xie Zeng changed it into a work, and the "last sentence" is too dull, and it is healthy to start with it. Let's say more ... "(See Four Kinds of Poems, Volume 1) The method of Xie You's quatrains is still unknown, but it is more common to change Tang poems (Xu Zeng's Talking about Tang Poems).

Don't leave your feelings without saying anything, but take them from the outside. The method is the same as Wei's poem Yan Wen. Xie still can't get his purpose, but he wants to do the opposite and asks about Long Guan again! (Shen Deqian's "Tang Poetry")

This poem is full of charm, but the first volume of Four Poems actually moved the last sentence to the first sentence instead of writing the last sentence. It is incomprehensible that there should be such a fool in the world. (Poems by Gao Buting in Tang and Song Dynasties)