Pinyin name Li zhèHe

English litchi seeds

Alias plum nucleus, branch nucleus, plum nucleus and big plum nucleus.

source

Source: Litchi seed. Sapindaceae

Latin animal and plant mineral name: China litchi.

Harvest and storage: the fruits are picked when they are ripe in June and July, and the seeds are collected after eating litchi meat (aril), washed and dried.

Litchi original evergreen tree 10- 15m high. Even pinnate compound leaves, alternate, stalk length 10-25cm or more; 2-3 pairs of leaflets, less than 4 pairs, petiole 7-8 mm long, leaf blade lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6- 15 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, apex acute or caudate mucronate, entire, hairless, thin leathery or leathery. Panicle terminal, wide and multi-branched; Herbs, monoecious; Calyx shallow cup-shaped, deeply 5-lobed, covered with golden yellow short villi; Petals 5, with wide and hairy scales in the base; Stamens 6-7, sometimes 8, filaments about 4 mm long; The ovary is densely covered with small tumors and bristles. The fruit is ovoid to nearly spherical, 2-35 cm long, and usually dark red to bright red at maturity. The seeds are all wrapped in fleshy arils. Spring blossoms and summer bears fruit.

Habitat is distributed in South China and Southwest China, especially in Guangdong, South Fujian and Taiwan Province Province.

Character; Role; letter

Character identification: The seeds are oblong or oval, slightly flat and 1.5-2.5 cm long. 0.5- 1.5cm in diameter. The surface is brown to reddish brown, slightly shiny, with irregular depressions and fine wrinkles; One end is truncated, with a nearly round yellow-brown hilum, with a diameter of 5-7mm, and the other end is obtuse. Hard, thin seed coat, leathery, fragile after cutting; There are two thick cotyledons, orange or brown. Slight gas, slightly sweet, bitter and astringent. It is better to be big and full.

Microscopic identification of powder characteristics: light brown. 1 The epidermal cells of seed coat are yellowish brown or reddish brown. The lateral cells are 1 row, grid-shaped, 34-59μm long and 10- 17μm wide. The cell walls are thickened, not lignified, and covered by cuticle. The surface is polygonal, and the vertical wall is unevenly thickened. Stone cells are round and polygonal, most of them have protrusions or branches, and the tops of branches are flat, with a cell diameter of 17-34μm and a wall thickness of 3- 10 μ m, with sparse pits and grooves and no obvious bedding. Stellate cells are seed coat aeration tissues with irregular stellate branches, large intercellular spaces, thin walls, no holes and grooves. The embedded cell emblem is yellow-green or light yellow. Slender, long 17-46μm, 3-8μm in diameter, thin wall and slightly lignified. It is composed of several cells in a group, and its long axis is irregularly embedded. Cotyledon cells are round or polygonal, with a diameter of 22-5 1μm, filled with starch granules, leaving round marks after melting. Some cells contain yellow-green or yellowish-brown oil. 6. A single starch granule is spherical, ovoid, with a few sharp corners at one end or both ends, with a diameter of 3.5- 18μm and a length of 23μm, and is umbilicus-shaped, trigeminal or split, without obvious stratification; There are few compound granules, consisting of 2-4 granules; There are more than half grains, and there are 2-3 umbilical points.

The chemical constituents of the seeds contain saponin (1. 12%), tannin (3.43%) and a- methylene cyclopropyl glycine [a- (methylene cyclopropyl) glycine]. A small amount of volatile oil was separated, including 3- acetoin, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-butanediol), pinene, caryophyllene and iso-coumarine. δ-pinene, α-curcumene, calamine, lido, guaiacene, xanthohumol and palmitic acid, etc.

Pharmacology: subcutaneous injection (60-400mg/kg) of this substance to mice starved for 22 hours can significantly reduce blood sugar and liver glycogen content. Hypoglycemia: Rats with alloxan-induced diabetes were gavaged with litchi seed dry extract 1.3 and 2.6mg/kg for 30 days, and their blood sugar was measured once every 10 day, which showed that the blood sugar in the drug-containing group was lower than that in the control group. Subcutaneous injection of-methylene cyclopropylglycine to mice at a dose of 230-400mg/kg can reduce blood sugar from normal 71-kloc-0/03 mg/100 ml to 35-57mg/ 100ml. Subcutaneous injection of α -methylene cyclopropyl glycine in mice at a dose of 230-400mg/kg can reduce blood sugar from normal 71-kloc-0/03 mg/100 ml to 57-35mg/ 100ml. It can also resist the mutagenic effect of salmonella typhimurium.

The acute toxicity of toxic litchi seed is very low. The dose of mice was 20g/kg by gavage, and no one died within 3 days after taking the medicine.

Physical and chemical identification (1) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 4ml of water, slightly heat it, filter it, take 1ml filtrate, add 1 drop of ferric chloride test solution, and the reaction will be blue-green. (Check tannin) (2) Take this product powder for foam test and hemolysis test, which are all negative.

Sweet in nature; Slightly bitter; Sexual temperature

Meridian-entering liver; Kidney; Spleen meridian

The function is mainly to regulate qi and relieve pain; Dispel cold and stagnate. Indications of hernia pain; Testicular swelling pain; Abdominal pain; Dysmenorrhea and postpartum abdominal pain.

Usage and dosage: decoction, 6-10g; End of study,1.5-3g; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: take appropriate amount, grind it into powder and apply it.

Pay attention to "materia medica from the beginning": don't take it without cold, dampness and qi stagnation.

The attached prescription 1 is used to treat chronic stomachache, and those who repeatedly touch it: litchi seed is one yuan, and woody root is eight points. To end it. One yuan, clear soup mixed with clothes. ("Jingyue Quanshu" Li Xiang Powder) 2 Treatment of heartburn and intestinal gas: litchi seed 1 capsule. Forging and blending wine (Herbal Yi Yan) 3 Treating kidney as big as a bucket: loading fennel, green tangerine peel (whole) and litchi seed. File scattered, stir-fry, fire poison, for the end. Drink two yuan three times a day. ("Shi Yide Xiao Fang" Li Hesan) 4 Treatment of hernia TUI swelling: 49 litchi stones, 9 oranges (even white), 4 sulfur coins, and the last one, salt water hits the lake, and mung beans are big. When in pain, take nine pills with hollow wine, and then take them for a long time, which also treats all kinds of gas pain. ("Tan Xian Xiao Jie Fang" Yuhuan Lai Fudan) 5 Treatment of blood gas stabbing pain: litchi kernel (burning) half two, Cyperus rotundus one or two. The top is the bottom. Two yuan each time, salt and wine. ("Women's Good Prescription" Juantong Powder)

Various exhibitions

1. Outline: Eliminating qi stagnation. Treating hernia pain, women's blood gas stings.

2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Treat cold evil and stomachache.

Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica