New Year's Eve is extremely important for Chinese people. On this day, people are ready to get rid of the old and welcome the new and have a family reunion dinner. In ancient China, some prison officials even let prisoners go home to reunite with their families for the New Year, which shows how important the "reunion dinner" is to ancient China people.
Family is the cornerstone of Chinese society, and the annual reunion dinner fully shows the mutual respect and love of Chinese family members, which makes the relationship between families closer. Family reunion often comforts and satisfies the head of the family spiritually. The old people see their children and grandchildren in full house, and the family is happy. The care and hard work of raising their children in the past have not been in vain. What happiness it is. The younger generation can also take this opportunity to express their gratitude to their parents for their parenting.
When the children are playing with firecrackers, it is also the busiest time for housewives in the kitchen. The New Year's food has been cooked a few days ago, and the New Year's Eve dinner is always cooked on the 30 th of the year. In the north, jiaozi on the first day of the Lunar New Year will also be packed out on the 30th night. At this time, everyone's chopping boards are busy chopping meat and vegetables. At this time, the sound of chopping boards coming from every household, firecrackers coming from streets and alleys, the sound of "crackling" abacus and the cadence of reimbursement coming from shops and shops, mixed with laughter everywhere, are one after another, echoing with joy, interwoven into a cheerful movement on New Year's Eve.
Speaking of the sound of the anvil on New Year's Eve, Deng Yunxiang's "Yanjing Local Records" recorded a very bleak story on New Year's Eve: in the old society, the poor had a hard life, and the 30 th night was a pass. There is a family whose husband hasn't returned with money until late at night. "There are no bottles of millet at home, and there are no new year's goods. The woman put her child to sleep at home, unable to do anything. She heard the chopping block next door, and it was extremely painful. I wondered if her husband could bring some money or something back. I didn't know how to spend the year tomorrow, and I was afraid that there was no chopping block at home to make people laugh. So she cut the chopping block with a knife, thumped and chopped, and shed tears ... This story was really sad.
Eating New Year's Eve is the most lively and enjoyable time for every household in the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, a table was filled with rich new year's dishes, and the whole family was reunited, sitting around the table, and having a family reunion dinner, the sense of fulfillment in my heart was really unspeakable. People not only enjoy the delicious food on the table, but also enjoy the happy atmosphere. There are big dishes, cold dishes, hot fried dishes and snacks on the table. Generally, two things are indispensable, one is hot pot, and the other is fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, indicating that it is booming; "Fish" and "Yu" are homophonic, which is a symbol of "more than auspicious celebration" and also a metaphor for "more than every year". There are also radishes, commonly known as vegetable heads, wishing you good luck; Lobster, fried fish and other fried foods, I wish my family prosperity, such as "cooking oil with fire". Finally, I will have a dessert, wishing the days to come to be sweet and sweet. On this day, even if I can't drink, I will drink a little. In ancient times, people paid great attention to the quality of wine when drinking during the Spring Festival. Some wines are now gone, leaving only many touching names, such as "wine", "Lanwei wine", "Yichun wine", "Mei Huajiu", "peach blossom wine wine" and "Tu Su wine".
[Edit this paragraph] The origin of folk customs
On New Year's Eve, no matter how far apart and how busy the work is, people always want to go back to their homes and have a reunion dinner. Sometimes when it is really impossible to go home, the family always keeps a seat for him and a pair of bowls and chopsticks to show their reunion with him. This New Year's Eve dinner, also called "Family Fun", is a family banquet that people attach great importance to.
As the saying goes, hit 1000, scold 10000, and have dinner at 30 nights. According to the traditional folk custom of our country, the food of New Year's Eve is very particular, usually there are wonton, jiaozi, long noodles, Yuanxiao and so on.
Eating wonton in the new year takes its original meaning. According to legend, Pangu split the sky and the earth, making "the light and clear air floating up is the sky, and the heavy and turbid air is the ground", and ending the chaotic state, the universe is all around. Then take the homonym of "wonton" and "muddy hoarding", which means that food is full of hoarding.
Jiaozi is one of the traditional foods in China. Also known as flat food or boiled cake. In ancient times, there were only wonton and no jiaozi. Later, the wonton was made into a crescent shape and became jiaozi. In the Tang Dynasty, the habit of eating jiaozi had spread to the remote areas of our country. On New Year's Eve, as soon as twelve o'clock strikes, we begin to eat jiaozi, so it is the time of the year, which means that the old and the new alternate and the time of the year comes.
Long noodles, also known as longevity noodles, eat it in the New Year and wish you a long life. All pasta in ancient times were called cakes, so noodle soup was also called soup cakes at first. At first, the noodles were not rolled or pressed, but the reconciled noodles were torn into the pot by hand, which was similar to the practice of "crow's head" and "monkey's ear" eaten in the north now. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that noodles were rolled with chopping boards that long noodles, short noodles, dry noodles, plain noodles, meat noodles and dried noodles gradually appeared ...
Yuanxiao, also known as glutinous rice balls, is more common in the south. It is made by rubbing glutinous rice into a circle (stuffing with different flavors can be added to it) and then cooking it in a pot, which means round and round. Yuanxiao is usually the staple food for breakfast or New Year's dinner, which is very popular in restaurants, hotels and at home.
In many places, some non-staple foods are also used when eating New Year's dinner, in order to get a lucky taste. Eat dates (spring comes early), persimmons (everything goes well), almonds (happiness comes), tofu (family photos), three fresh vegetables (three Yang Kaitai), long-lived fruits (immortality), and rice cakes (rice cakes and rice cakes are getting higher every year) ... Of course, the varieties of New Year's Eve are more abundant now. What are chickens, ducks and fish?
[Edit this paragraph] Spread and evolution
According to the traditional folk customs, the eating customs of New Year's Eve in different parts of China are different: northerners eat jiaozi, southerners eat rice dumplings and rice cakes, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong eat Yuanxiao on the first day, or fry or cook; People in Zhangzhou, Fujian eat raw garlic and preserved eggs on the first morning of the first day; On the first day of chaozhou people, Guangdong, he ate the local "rotten circle"; Hui people eat noodles and stew on the first day of the first month, and only eat jiaozi on the second day. Wonton Eating Wonton in the New Year takes its original meaning.
According to legend, Pangu split the sky and the earth, making "the light and clear air floating up is the sky, and the heavy and turbid air is the ground", and ending the chaotic state, the universe is all around.
Then take the homonym of "wonton" and "muddy hoarding", which means that food is full of hoarding. In ancient times, jiaozi only had wonton without jiaozi, and later it became jiaozi by making wonton into a crescent shape.
In the Tang Dynasty, the habit of eating jiaozi had spread to the remote areas of our country. On New Year's Eve, as soon as twelve o'clock strikes, we begin to eat jiaozi, so it's the time of the year, which means that the old and the new alternate and the time comes.
The custom of eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival originated in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. Eating rice cakes, from the auspicious meaning of "sticky (sticky) high (cake) every year", is interpreted as the meaning of rising year by year.
[Edit this paragraph] Auspicious recipes for New Year's Eve dinner
With the changes of the times, people's practices on New Year's Eve dishes are also varied, but its purpose is that the food should represent auspiciousness and symbolize the new year's new atmosphere, and everything should be smooth in the new year. The menu of New Year's Eve pays attention to the auspicious name, and the dishes should be delicious and delicious. Here are some ways to make New Year's Eve for your reference!
five blessings have descended upon the house
Five blessings Ingredients: Chinese cabbage (white stalk) 600g pork tripe 200g grass shrimp 250g squid (fresh)100g sea cucumber 50g ham 75g mushroom (fresh) 50g.
Seasoning: 5 grams of salt and 4 grams of pepper.
Practice: 1. Wash Chinese cabbage, cut into large pieces, stir-fry with 2 tablespoons of oil until soft, and then put it in a stew;
2. Cut pork belly into strips;
3. Cut squid, blanch and take out;
4. Wash the sea cucumber, remove the fishy smell first and then cut into thick slices;
5. Cook the ham before taking out the slices;
6. Soak the mushrooms until soft, remove the pedicels and place them on the Chinese cabbage respectively;
7. Cut off the grass shrimp, blanch it and take it out for later use;
8. Put the seasoning in a stew, move it into an electric cooker or steamer and steam for 40 minutes, then add the grass shrimp and steam for 5 minutes before taking it out.
May you always get more than you wish for!
Annual surplus of main ingredients: perch 750g.
Seasoning: green onion15g ginger10g fish sauce10g white wine 5g oyster sauce 5g salad oil10g white sugar 3g sesame oil 5g pepper 4g each.
Practice: 1. Wash the perch, cut it from the abdomen into pieces connected with the back, spread it flat in a steaming pan with a little oil, and cut 2 shallots and 2 slices of ginger into small noodles and put them on the fish;
2. Mix 2 tbsps of seasoning fish sauce, wine 1 tbsps, oyster sauce 1/2 tbsps, salad oil 1/2 tbsps, and sugar 1 teaspoon in a small bowl, then pour it on the fish, and steam it in a pot at medium heat/kloc-0.
3. The other 3 shallots, 3 slices of ginger and 1 pepper are shredded and soaked in water;
4. When the fish is steamed, take it out, pick out the onion and ginger, put it in another clean plate, and spread it with shredded onion, ginger and pepper;
5. Heat the seasoning salad oil 1 tablespoon, sesame oil 1 tablespoon and pepper a little, and pour it on the onion, ginger and shredded pepper.
with the advent of spring begins prosperity —the New Year heralds prosperity
Sanyangkaitai Ingredients: pork tripe 300g squid (fresh)100g chicken leg 200g pork leg150g.
Accessories: Lentinus edodes (fresh) 50g Dictyophora (dry) 50g lettuce 50g rape100g.
Seasoning: oyster sauce10g vegetable oil15g salt 4g white sugar 5g pepper 3g each.
Practice: 1. Wash the pork belly, cook it first and then slice it;
2. Cut squid, blanched, fished out and reused;
3. Cut pork tenderloin (pork leg) and chicken leg, and blanch the blood for later use;
4. Soak mushrooms and bamboo shoots soft, remove pedicels and cut into small pieces;
5. Lettuce is cooked and cut into strips first;
6. Blanch the rape before showering for later use;
7. Put pork tripe, squid, chicken leg, pork tenderloin and abalone in a casserole, add all seasonings and cook for 10 minute, then add mushrooms, bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots, and simmer for half an hour with low fire to make them completely cooked, soft and tasty;
8. Add rape, cook it and remove it for eating.
Tuan Tuan yuan yuan
Tuantuanyuan main ingredient: glutinous rice10,000g.
Accessories: bacon (raw) 200g eggs150g.
Seasoning: 5 g of pepper powder, 5 g of salt, 5 g of green onion/0/00 g of kloc, 20 g of ginger, each with an appropriate amount.
Practice: 1. Soak glutinous rice in warm water for 2 hours, then steam it in a cage for 40 minutes;
2. spread the glutinous rice cold, and when it is warm, beat the eggs;
3. Cook the bacon first, and then cut it into dices;
4. Cut the onion into chopped green onion, peel the ginger and cut it into powder;
5. Put all the ingredients into the glutinous rice, add pepper noodles and salt (according to your own taste) and mix well (after mixing well, you can dig a small piece and bake it in the microwave for 30 seconds to taste it, mainly raw eggs, which can actually be eaten, but it needs good gastrointestinal function).
6. After mixing well, wet your hands with water first, then take about 25 grams and knead them into a circle.
grinning all the time
Smile often. Ingredients: candied dates 350g glutinous rice balls150g.
Seasoning: 20 grams of rock sugar, each appropriate amount.
Practice: 1. Cut the jujube, and then put the prepared small dumplings in it;
2. Add water to the pot to put rock sugar, and cook the jujube until it floats.
3. You can also put it in the refrigerator for a while, which is sweet, soft and delicious.
[Edit this paragraph] Local customs
There are many tricks of the New Year's Eve dinner, including jiaozi, Wonton, Long Noodles, Yuanxiao, etc., and each has its own emphasis. Northerners are used to eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival, which means "making friends at a younger age". And because the white-flour jiaozi is shaped like a silver ingot, a pot of pots on the table symbolizes the meaning of "making a fortune in the New Year, and the ingot rolls in". Some wrapped jiaozi, but also wrapped a few coins sterilized by boiling water, saying that whoever ate first would make more money. The custom of eating jiaozi was handed down from the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing, a medical saint, saw that the poor people's ears were frozen rotten in the cold winter, so he made a kind of "Quhan Jiaoer soup" to treat frostbite for the poor people. He used mutton, pepper and some herbs to dispel cold and warm, and made ear-like "jiao-er" with flour bags, cooked it in a pot and distributed it to the poor. After eating it, people felt warm all over and their ears were hot. Since then, people have followed suit, which has been passed down to today. Eating wonton in the new year is based on its original meaning. Legend has it that the world was in a chaotic state before it was created, and Pangu created the universe with four sides and long faces, also called longevity noodles. Eating noodles in the new year is to wish you a long life.
Kanto New Year's Eve: Preserving the ancient customs and the interaction between Han and Manchu.
Cao Baoming, a well-known folklore expert in China, said that the New Year's Eve dinner is also called "Year of the Group" or "Family Fun", because after this meal, it is necessary to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new year, so it is also called "Year of the Year". In ancient times, people thought that the New Year's Eve dinner also had the functions of expelling epidemics, exorcising evil spirits and keeping fit. Therefore, the New Year's Eve is characterized by a family reunion dinner, which all men, women and children should attend. For this reunion, the family members or children who go out must come home before New Year's Eve. If they fail to get back in time, a space should be left on the dining table for those who have not returned, and a pair of chopsticks should be placed to show family reunion.
The New Year's Eve dinner was usually the most abundant meal in a year in the old Kanto farmers, and it had to be cooked on the 30th. There must be fish in the table full of tables, which means that there is more money and food in the new year, and everything is well-off. There must also be a bowl of braised meatballs to show family reunion. Cao Baoming said: "According to Zonggu's Record of Jingchu's Age, there was a custom of eating New Year's Eve at least in the Northern and Southern Dynasties."
The Kanto people always have the saying that "the poor celebrate the New Year, the rich celebrate the New Year, and they don't eat jiaozi for the New Year". Shi Lixue, chairman of the Jilin Folklore Society, said that jiaozi appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Around the origin of jiaozi, different legends and stories have been produced among the people. However, Kanto people have always advocated that the first jiaozi meal of the Spring Festival should be eaten at midnight on New Year's Eve. This custom has spread all over Kanto urban and rural areas and has been passed down from generation to generation.
Nowadays, many farmers in Northeast China still maintain many ancient customs, such as offering sacrifices to ancestors, setting off firecrackers and eating jiaozi before eating. However, in recent years, eating and drinking on the New Year's Eve is no longer important. Shi Lixue thinks: "The New Year's Eve has already gone beyond the scope of eating, but lies in the warmth between people, which is warm in the greetings and warmth of the family. There is nostalgia for the old year that is about to pass away, and there is hope for the upcoming New Year. "
Chongqing Tujia New Year's Eve: "Pork deduction" and "sea pepper filling" are indispensable.
Just entering the twelfth lunar month, Xu Wenxu, a farmer in Hongxing Village, Banxi Township, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing, was busy. In order to prepare for this New Year's Eve dinner, it is impossible for some essential traditional main courses not to be prepared ten and a half days before. Among them, the most important ones are "deducting meat" and "filling sea pepper". Xu Wenxu said that "deducting meat" seems simple, but it takes some effort to be really fat but not greasy, tender and refreshing. "Filling sea pepper" is to mix glutinous rice flour with seasoning, then fill it into hollowed sea pepper, and then put it in a pickle jar for half a month. On New Year's Eve, take it out and fry it in oil before serving.
Xu Wenxu told reporters that the reason why Tujia people attach importance to these two dishes is because it is rare to eat meat several times in the past year, and glutinous rice is also a rare thing. Therefore, every family regards these two dishes as an opportunity to show their skills at the New Year's Eve, and also to reward their families who have worked hard for a year.
Surprisingly, kelp once became the main course of Tujia New Year's Eve. Because it used to be difficult to eat salt in Tujia nationality gathering areas and the medical conditions were poor, people often suffered from big neck disease due to iodine deficiency. In order to supplement iodine for their families, Tujia people put a kelp on the New Year's Eve dinner to supplement the iodine needed by the human body. Under the conditions at that time, kelp was really a delicacy for Tujia people, and it was impossible to eat it often, so it became a good dish on the New Year's Eve. Nowadays, kelp has already withdrawn from the "stage" of New Year's Eve.
After the Tujia people have eaten the New Year's Eve dinner, each family will light a firewood. Everyone will sit around and listen to the old people telling stories, and they will stay up until dawn, named "Shoutian Ridge" to express their love for the fields.
Korean: "Suijiu" and "Degu" occupy a special position.
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province is the main inhabited area of Korean nationality in China, and the Spring Festival is also the traditional and most important festival of Korean nationality. Korean New Year's Eve has its own traditional food and characteristics.
Cao Baoming, a folklore expert, said: "Korean New Year's Eve is often rich, with 70 or 80 plates, large and small, and some families even reach hundreds. Among them,' old wine' and' Degu' occupy a special position. "
On the eve of the Spring Festival, the reporter saw in the villages of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture that many Korean villagers were brewing "old wine". Jin Zhen, a 52-year-old villager in Mijiang Township, Hunchun City, told reporters that Koreans have the custom of drinking "old wine" on New Year's Eve. This kind of wine is mostly brewed before the "New Year's Day". The Lunar New Year Festival is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality. The "Lunar New Year Wine" is a kind of medicinal liquor with rice as the main material and a variety of Chinese herbal medicines. Used for drinking and entertaining guests during the Spring Festival, they think that drinking this wine can ward off evil spirits and prolong life. A New Year's Eve dinner, a lifetime of mother-child love.
Jin Zhenzhen said that "Degu" is a kind of soup cake, that is, after rice noodles are steamed, they are mashed into large sticky balls, then rubbed into oval round strips, cut into thin slices, poured into chicken, pheasant and beef soup pots, and then put some sesame oil or sesame oil and seaweed when eating, which is delicious.
The reporter learned that on the 30th, Korean women should wear beautiful national costumes. Most families start making cakes early in the morning. "Although there are machines selling cakes now, we still like to make them ourselves with a cake hammer because it still tastes different." Korean villager Park Yingzi said.
Jin Zhen said that on New Year's Eve, it was a very happy moment when more than a dozen members of his family gathered together for dinner. The whole family will stay up all night. Different from the Han nationality, the Korean New Year's Eve dinner will be filled with songs and dances, accompanied by the ancient music of Gaya piano and flute of the Korean nationality to welcome the New Year.
Customs of foreign New Year's Eve dinner
India: hungry
Indians fast on New Year's Day, from early morning until midnight. After midnight, families only taste the prepared meals and congratulate each other on the New Year.
Hungary: Do not eat birds
Hungarians don't eat birds on New Year's Eve because they think that if they eat birds such as chickens, ducks and pigeons, their luck will fly away in the coming year. Most of the gifts they give to their relatives and friends in the New Year are pictures of "chimney sweeper" and little pig. "Chimney sweeper" is of course a symbol of getting rid of the old. The chubby little pig is pleasing and meaningful. People respect little fat pig in image, but it's actually another matter, because their traditional food for the New Year is fried little suckling pig, which is to start with little fat pig!
Bulgaria: sneezing cattle and sheep
If you eat New Year's dinner at a Bulgarian home, you must sneeze, which will bring unexpected benefits. According to local custom, the first person who sneezes will bring happiness to the whole family for a year. So the owner went to his farm and brought the first sheep, calf or pony he saw first and gave it to the first guest who sneezed. What a sneeze!
France: Save the wine and drink it up.
The French have a superstition that if there is any wine left at home on New Year's Eve, it will bring bad luck next year. Only clean, can usher in a good year. Therefore, they would rather get drunk than drink all the wine at home.
Poland: Eat vegetables.
Polish girls wear special rabbit-shaped clothes to eat green vegetables during the New Year. It is said that everything will go well after eating green vegetables.
Paraguay: No fireworks.
Paraguayans in South America designated the last five days of the year as "Cold Food Day". In these five days, from the head of state to the common people, no fireworks were used and only cold food was eaten. After the New Year's zero clock rings, we can start to cook delicious food and hold a big banquet to celebrate the New Year.
Madagascar: Avoid eating meat.
In Madagascar, you are not allowed to eat meat for seven days before the New Year, and you can eat some poultry until dinner on New Year's Eve. On New Year's Day, the couple will give their parents a chicken tail to show their respect. Give drumsticks to brothers and sisters to show concern and friendship.
Vietnam: soup is forbidden
On New Year's Eve, some ethnic minorities in northern Vietnam will burn incense, kowtow and play a bucket of boiled rice at the place where they usually get water. After cooking, first pay homage to the ancestors, and then the whole family will have a New Year's Eve dinner. When eating this meal, soup is absolutely forbidden. They think that after drinking the soup, the crops planted will be flooded.
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Dessert: pumpkin pie
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