one
Heilongjiang river system
Flowing through Heilongjiang province
Basin area The basin area is 37,444 square kilometers.
Mudanjiang is 725 meters long and has a drainage area of 37,444 square kilometers.
Biomass and composition (mg/L) of phytoplankton in Mudanjiang: the total phytoplankton is 1.95, diatom 6 1.0%, green algae 8.7%, cyanobacteria 2.6%, dinoflagellate 14.4%, Chrysophyte 7.7% and Euglena 5.6%.
Zooplankton biomass (mg/L): protozoa biomass 0.03, rotifer biomass 0.22, cladocera biomass 0.0 1, copepod biomass 0.0 1, and total biomass 0.27. (The above information comes from China Fisheries Department)
The name of this river is Mudanjiang, which was called Huhan River in the Tang Dynasty. Jin dynasty was called Jiang (the change from bone to river); The Yuan Dynasty was called Huerha River; In the Ming Dynasty, the lake was changed into a river (also known as Laha River, Huerha River, Huerha River, Huerha River and Huerha River); The Qing people called Erha or Mudanjiang. Most of the names mentioned above have similar sounds but different characters, and Manchu means "Wanqu" (another explanation is "Xiangshui"). Mudanjiang twists and turns, flowing in the mountains of Laoyeling, hence the name Mudanjiang, which means a winding river. It turned out to be the name of the station, which was used as a place name when the city was built.
two
Mudanjiang city
Mudanjiang covers an area of 40,435 square kilometers and has a population of 27 1 0,000 (2003). The Municipal People's Government is stationed in Aimin District. Postal code: 157000. Administrative division code: 23 1000. Area code: 0453. Pinyin: Mudanjiang City.
Mudanjiang covers an area of 40,435 square kilometers and has a population of 27 1 10,000 (2004).
Aimin District covers an area of 359 square kilometers and has a population of 230,000. Postal code 157009.
Dongan District covers an area of 566 square kilometers with a population of 6.5438+0.8 million. Postal code 157000.
Yangming district covers an area of 358 square kilometers and has a population of 6.5438+0.6 million. Postal code 1570 13.
Xi area covers an area of 325 square kilometers with a population of 2 1 10,000. Postal code 157000.
Muling City covers an area of 6,094 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. Postal code 157500. The Municipal People's Government is located in Bamiantong Town.
Suifenhe city covers an area of 427 square kilometers and has a population of 60,000. Postal code 157300. Suifenhe Town People's Government.
Hailin city covers an area of 9,877 square kilometers and has a population of 440,000. Postal code 157 100. The Municipal People's Government is located in Hailin Town.
Ning 'an covers an area of 7,870 square kilometers and has a population of 440,000. Postal code 157400. The Municipal People's Government is located in Ning 'an Town.
Dongning county covers an area of 7368 square kilometers and has a population of 2 1 10,000. Postal code 157200. County People's Government in Dongning Town.
Linkou county has an area of 7 1, 9 1 km2 and a population of 450,000. Postal code 157600. Linkou Town and County People's Government.
Mudanjiang city, named after the river. Mudanjiang translated the complacent phrase "peony wula", which means "winding river". Shen, Han and Jin belong to Lou, southern and northern dynasties belong to Buji, Sui belongs to Mohong, Tang belongs to Bohai, and Jinhu changed dynasties. The Ming Dynasty belonged to Nuer Tuo, and the Qing Dynasty belonged to General Ningguta. Today, Mihe Village in the suburb (called Niye River in ancient times) is an important post station for Ningguta to reach Sanxing. 190 1 year (twenty-seventh year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty) to build the Middle East Railway and the railway station. Because the station faces Mudanjiang in the south, it is named "Mudanjiang Station". After the establishment of civil servants in the late Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Ning 'an government. After the founding of the Republic of China, it was under the jurisdiction of Ning 'an County. After 1920, a street base was set up around Mudanjiang Station, with the increasing population and shops, gradually forming a market town. After the fall of Northeast China,1936,65438+February, after the Tumen River-Jiamusi Railway was opened to traffic, Mudanjiang New Station (now Mudanjiang Station) was built, becoming a transportation hub running through the east, west, north and south. 1On June 27th, 937, the Puppet Manchukuo decided to add Mudanjiang Province; At the same time, Mudanjiang City will be established, which will be implemented from July 1. Mudanjiang city preparatory office was established in the pseudo Mudanjiang provincial office, which was established in February of the same year 1 in 65438+, and belongs to Mudanjiang province. 1943, 10 months later, it became the capital of General Dongman Province and Dongman Province. 1945 After the victory of "93" War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in the middle of June of the same year, the cadres of the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China arrived in Mudanjiang, and a democratic government was established in Mudanjiang. 1946 10 in April, the first provisional Council of Suining Province decided to establish Suining Province, and Mudanjiang City is subordinate to Suining Province and is the capital of Suining Province. On June 8, the same year, Suining Province was abolished on 10, and Mudanjiang City was under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang District. 1947 On August 20th, Mudanjiang Province was established, and Mudanjiang City was under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang Province. 1July 9, 948, Mudanjiang Province was revoked and Mudanjiang City was placed under the jurisdiction of Songjiang Province. 1949 to 65438+February, some villages in the suburbs of Mudanjiang were divided into Hailin and Muling counties respectively, and the total area of the city was reduced from 1083.5 square kilometers to 750 square kilometers. 195 1 At the end of the year, the total population of the city was110.3 million, which was divided into four municipal districts, namely Ding and other cities. 1August, 954, after the merger of Song and Heilong provinces, it was directly under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province. 1956 In March, 9 villages in Jiangnan, Xiakuang, Xinglong, Hailang and Chaihe districts, such as Hualin, Gongnong, Hu Yi and Tieling, were placed under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang City. The jurisdiction of the city is restored to the original state of 1945 and 10. 1956 In September, according to the State Council's regulations that cities with a population of less than 200,000 generally do not have municipal districts, four municipal districts were abolished and six sub-district offices were established. 1958 this month, the total population of the city has exceeded 200,000. With the approval of the Provincial People's Committee, six sub-district offices were abolished, and three urban areas and 1 suburb were established in Aimin, Dong 'an and Xi 'an. In August of the same year, Mudanjiang City was placed under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang District; On June+10, 5438, Wen Chun Commune in Ning 'an County was placed under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang City, with a total area of 1400 square kilometers and a total population of 238,000. April 5 1960 Ning 'an County in Mudanjiang District was placed under the leadership of Mudanjiang City, and September 22 1962 Ning 'an County was placed under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang District. On February 8 1966, Mudanjiang city was changed to a city directly under the provincial government, and on February 8 1968, it was changed to Mudanjiang area. 1June, 970, yangming district was founded. 1983 On September 3rd, with the approval of the State Council, the pilot project of city governing counties was carried out, Mudanjiang area was abolished, and the city governing cities merged, and seven counties in the former Mudanjiang area, namely Ning 'an, Hailin, Mishan, Linkou, Muling, Dongning and Hulin, were placed under the leadership of Mudanjiang City. In the same year, 65438+ 10/8, the provincial government decided to put suifenhe city under the management of Mudanjiang city. After 1988, Mishan County and Hailin County successively withdrew their counties to set up cities, which were managed by Mudanjiang City. 1992 10 The provincial government decided that Mishan City should be placed under the management of Jixi City. 1On June 4th, 993, the State Council approved Hulin County of Mudanjiang City to be placed under the jurisdiction of Jixi City.
1993 February 12 The Ministry of Civil Affairs approved (China People's Bank approved [1993] No.9) to cancel Ning 'an County and establish Ning 'an City. 1on March 7, 1995, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved (China People's Bank approved [1995]No. 18) the cancellation of Muling County and the establishment of Muling City. 1September 30, 1997, the State Council approved (Guo Han [1997] No.90) to cancel the suburb of Mudanjiang city. Put Xinglong Town and Dongcun Township in the former suburbs under the jurisdiction of Dongan District; Put Wen Chun Town and Jiangyan Township in the former suburbs under the jurisdiction of Xi District; Tieling Town and Hualin Town in the former suburbs were placed under the jurisdiction of yangming district; Bei 'an Township and Mishima Township in the former suburbs were placed under the jurisdiction of Aimin District.
Mudanjiang city is rich in resources, and the mountains in Mudanjiang city are undulating. In the criss-crossing rivers and lush forests, there are many natural gifts: millions of hectares of dense forests, thousands of wild economic plants and more than 50 rare animals, 78 kinds of minerals and165438+100000 kilowatts of hydropower resources to be developed. According to statistics, among more than 2,000 wild economic plants in Mudanjiang City, there are more than 1 100 species available for development and utilization, which is known as the "natural plant gene bank" of Heilongjiang Province, among which there are more than 900 kinds of medicinal plants, mainly including about 50 kinds of ginseng, scallop, asarum, Schisandra, acanthopanax senticosus, Astragalus and three needles. Among minerals, there are huge reserves of raw coal, gold, marble, peat, granite and perlite.
Mudanjiang is a scenic tourist city. At present, there are more than 30 major scenic spots and cultural attractions that have been developed and utilized, including Crater National Forest Park, Mudanfeng National Forest Park and National Nature Reserve, Mudanfeng Ski Resort, Memorial Statue of Eight Women Throwing into the River, Hengdaohezi Northeast Tiger Breeding Farm, Weihushan Tiger Garden, Lotus Lake, etc. Among them, Jingbo Lake, which is 1 10 km away from Mudanjiang City, is the largest lava barrier lake in China and is a provincial-level tourism.
Mudanjiang has been a famous industrial city in the north for 60 years, especially in the 20 years of reform and opening up, and its economy has developed rapidly. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the city's GDP grew at an average annual rate of more than 65438%.
three
cigarette
Produced by Hailin Cigarette Factory
four
Song: Mudanjiang
Singing: Nan Quan Mama
Album: The Second Meal
Composer: Yang Ruidai (Gary)
Lyrics: Fang Gang
Warhead:
The curved bridge is reflected on the lake.
Look at this from the other side and see the next round of happiness in the moonlight.
You and I are walking on the old streets of bluestone slabs.
What does that mottled brick wall look like now?
What can't be achieved is called distance.
The name you can't go back to is hometown.
Lala+warhead:
Whoo ~
Who sang that Mudanjiang song outside the door?
I listen to your sad voice melodious.
The wind chimes are shaking and ringing.
The small village by the river is as quiet as a nap.
Who sang that Mudanjiang song outside the door?
I walked gently to your side.
The light of missing passes through the window.
Silver warmth sprinkled on my childhood bed.
Laura:
There are several bends in Mudanjiang. Don't get on the boat. We don't care.
Catch the moon full of stars and drink a bowl of hometown for grandpa.
There are several bends in Mudanjiang. Don't dock shrimp. We don't have time to install it.
Fishing for the moon and filling the starlight to make soup for grandma and drink a bowl of hometown.
Chiamuze
Jiamusi City is located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province, and its geographical coordinates are129/kloc-0' to 5' and 45 47' to 48 30' north latitude. The total urban area is 135 5'. The total area of the city is 69 1 16 square kilometers, accounting for about 15.2% of the total land area of the province. It is a famous political and cultural center of Sanjiang Plain in China. Jiamusi city is divided into 5 districts and 6 counties (cities) according to administrative divisions. The five districts are Qianjin District, Xiangyang District, Dongfeng District, Yonghong District and its suburbs, and the six counties (cities) are Tongjiang City, Fujin, Huanan, Huachuan, Tangyuan, Fuyuan. There are 5 1 town and 138 townships in the city. There are Baoquanling, Hongxinglong and Jiansanjiang agricultural reclamation sub-bureaus. Farm management bureau and its 37 large state-owned farms; There are Hejiang Forest Management Bureau and three Forestry Bureaus under the Provincial General Administration of Forest Industry; The provincial reform-through-labour bureau has three reform-through-labour detachments. The land area of the three systems, namely, General Administration of Farm, General Administration of Forestry Industry and Labor Reform Bureau, accounts for 45.6% of the total area of the city, and the cultivated land accounts for 0.45% of the total output of grain, beans and potatoes, accounting for 40.4%.
Jiamusi City has a population of 3.74 million (including 550,000 in the urban area). The agricultural population in the city accounts for 68. 1% of the total population. The median age of the population is 25.6 years old and it is an adult population. Jiamusi's population is unevenly distributed. The average population density of the city is 54 people/km2, including at least 7 people/km2 in Fuyuan County and 53/kloc-0 people/km2 in the urban area. There are 33 ethnic groups in the city, of which the Han nationality accounts for 95%. Ethnic minorities mainly include Manchu, Korean, Hui, Mongolian and Hezhe. Hezhe nationality is the least populated nationality in China, with Jiamusi 1.293 people, accounting for 87% of the whole country, mainly distributed in Tongjiang and Raohe.
Jiamusi City has developed transportation and is an important transportation hub in eastern Heilongjiang Province. Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River flow through the territory, and the three rivers are rich in water, with a navigable mileage of 1 006,5438+0 km and a total length of 3,632 km, making them the second longest shipping trunk line in China. The sediment concentration of the three rivers is small, among which Songhua River is the largest river with the smallest sediment concentration in China and the best water conveyance route in Northeast China. Jiamusi has 140 civil steel ships of 80,000 tons, with an annual freight volume of 1.23 million tons. Jiamusi, Yilan and Suibin Port Stations 1 1, in which the annual flood throughput of Jiamusi is1.2000 tons. Sanjiang water transport has played an important role in the formation and development of Jiamusi economy. The long-term development has formed the economic layout of Jiamusi City along the river. There are 9 counties and cities along the Sanjiang River, among which the municipal government and 7 county governments are located along the Sanjiang River. Sanjiang route has been the economic transportation artery of Jiamusi City for a long time, and the coal, oil, timber and grain needed by counties along the Yangtze River 10 mainly depend on water transportation. There are five counties along the Yangtze River without railways, so water transportation plays a very important role. Jiamusi City has a railway operating mileage of 628 kilometers, and the municipal government and five county governments are located along the railway. Therefore, the railway plays a special role in the economic development of Jiamusi area. From the perspective of industrial distribution and development, the industrial development of counties along the line has achieved remarkable results, and the output value of five counties along the line accounts for 88.5% of the total industrial output value of the city. There are four railway trunk lines in Fu Qian (Jiamusi to Qianjin Town), Tujia (Tumen to Jiamusi), Suijia (Suihua to Jiamusi) and Jiahe (Jiamusi to Hegang), which extend from the urban area to the east, south, west and north of the urban area. Among them, the Fu Qian Line is 300 kilometers long and runs through the city. The city's highway mileage is 528 1 km. Harbin (to Tongjiang City), Haruo (to Luobei County) and Er Fu (to Fuyuan from Tongjiang) have trunk highways, accounting for 20% of trunk highways and 20% of county-level highways. Because the Sanjiang River has been closed for five months, the transportation of downstream counties mainly depends on highways.
Jiamusi air transport is mainly responsible for transporting passengers. There are routes from the urban area to Harbin, and the airport facilities can be used for the take-off and landing of aircraft over 20 tons.
The climate of Jiamusi City belongs to the continental climate of middle temperate zone, with an average temperature of 2.9℃, the lowest temperature of -4 1. 1℃ and the highest temperature of 38. 1℃. The average frost-free period over the years is 128.9 days, with the longest 154 days and the shortest 106 days. The average annual precipitation is 535.3 mm, the maximum daily precipitation is 88.5 mm, the average annual sunshine hours are 2525.3 hours, the maximum is 2866.9 hours, and the minimum is 23 1. 1 hour. During the growing period of crops (May-September), the average sunshine hours are 1, 175.3 hours. At least 1 0,037.7 hours, and at most 1 0,355 hours. The wind direction is northwest all the year round, with an average wind speed of 3.6m/s and a maximum wind speed of 31.8m/s. ..
Jiamusi agriculture occupies an important position in the city's economy. 1984, the city's total agricultural output value1506.96 million yuan (calculated at constant prices 1980), accounting for 42.8% of the city's total industrial and agricultural output value. Among the city's total agricultural output value, the output value of agricultural planting1180.92 million yuan, accounting for 78.4% of the city's total agricultural output value, forestry output value 766.5438+03 million yuan, accounting for 5.654.38+0% of the city's total agricultural output value, and animal husbandry output value 96.76 million yuan, accounting for 9.6%.
Jiamusi agriculture is mainly based on planting, mainly producing soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugar beet, hemp and flue-cured tobacco. Among them, the sown area of grain crops is13.05 million mu, accounting for 90.2% of the total sown area, the sown area of cash crops is 860,000 mu, accounting for 6.0% of the total sown area, and the sown area of other crops is 560,000 mu, accounting for 3.8% of the total sown area.
Introduction of scenic spots:
Morningstar island
It is a sand dune island in the Songhua River in the north of Jiamusi City. It consists of 10 islands, with a length of 6 kilometers from east to west and 3 kilometers from north to south, with an area of 1 1.25 square kilometers. It is the largest island in the center of Songhua River Basin.
There are many trees in Chensheng Island, including poplar, pine, elm, Queena Ding, hawthorn, mountain wood, camphor tree and willow, especially willow, so it is commonly called "Willow Island". There are more than 20 kinds of birds living on the island, such as pheasants and ducks, and small animals, such as rabbits. From June to August every year, the whole island of full of green is full of flowers, birds and flowers, quiet and elegant, with the characteristics of simple and rugged Yuan Ye scenery. In winter, you can skate and ski, enjoy fishing on the river, and watch the tree hanging like a jade leaf.
Children's Gong Yuan
Formerly known as Xinglin Lake Park, 1 June, 19901day was converted into a children's park. Located at the western end of Xinglin Road, with a total area of 14 hectares, including 3.2 hectares of water surface. ; There is a memorial statue of Chairman Mao in the park, which stands at the east gate of the Children's Park. Landscape pavilions, flowers and trees are everywhere in the park, which is a multifunctional comprehensive children's park. Modern large and medium-sized amusement facilities have attracted many children and adults.
Minglian Development Community, a key project in Heilongjiang Province, is a thousand acres of fertile land, which is called sightseeing agriculture by Comrade Zhang Chi, secretary of Qitaihe Municipal Party Committee. The rice produced in the endless paddy fields is green food, because it is watered with "divine water". There are many people in every village in this area, and young men and women are also very symbolic. Many researchers trace back to the source and finally come down to the mystery of water, that is, "Prajna Spring", which means "wisdom" in Buddhist language. There is a song called "Spring in the Frontier is Clear and Pure". It may be said that all the branches and rivers here can be called spring. Naoli River is deeply melancholy, because there is the "Twelve Martyrs Mountain" where the heroes of the Anti-Japanese Union died. The loach river is as light as a picture, because she is afraid of waking the "sleeping" soldiers in the secret camp. Take a sip of Prajna spring water and feel refreshed. According to the continuous monitoring by the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Heilongjiang Province throughout the year, this kind of "divine water" is the best mineral spring in China at present, which contains many trace elements and is the most needed substance to activate human cells. There is a big fishing ground in the lower reaches of Naoli River. If you throw it out with one shot, you can not only catch more than two kilograms of big carp, but also hang it for natural fish, advocating nature, which is the greatest pursuit of contemporary people. At noon, enjoy a delicious fish feast on the shore, stew natural fish in natural water and enjoy the real natural delicacy.
Shui Yuan Mountain Park
Shuiyuanshan Park is located in the southeast of the city, about 3 kilometers away from the downtown square, covering an area of 64 hectares, with a planned area of 54 hectares and an altitude of11.3 meters. In March 2002, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government decided to develop and construct Shuiyuanshan Park. The construction project was carried out in three phases, with a total investment of 30 million yuan in the first phase, and ground was broken in June.
The layout of the park is divided into eight parts, including the square area in front of the door, covering an area of 46,000 square meters, integrating leisure, entertainment and viewing. It is located in the overlooking pavilion scenic spot, Hundred Birds Garden scenic spot, large-scale wildlife viewing area dominated by animals in Sanjiang area, pastoral grazing area, comprehensive entertainment area for animal training and circus performance, a variety of plants viewing area and a lotus yard.
At present, there are more than 60 kinds of main exhibition projects in the park. According to animal classification and habits, more than 0/000 kinds of wild animals/kloc-are exhibited in Bainiao Garden, Beast Area, Small Animal Village, Herbivores Free-range Area and Comprehensive Animal Performance Field. Among the animals on display, there are more than 20 kinds of rare and protected animals in the country, among which sika deer, deer and other precious animals have formed populations, as well as Arab baboons and red pandas in friendly zoos.
After the park is completed as planned, it is still the first-class level in Heilongjiang Province. It is not only a place for sightseeing, but also a popular science propaganda center and scientific research base for animal planting in our province. Shui Yuan Mountain Park, with its beautiful and elegant natural scenery, huge and rare fauna and beautiful scenery, makes people linger, and plays a positive role in enriching the amateur cultural life, cultivating self-cultivation and cultivating sentiment of Jiacheng people.
Sifengshan scenic spot
Jiamusi Sifeng Mountain Scenic Area is located in the southwest of Jiacheng District, 6 kilometers away from the city center. It is an artificial lake scenic spot integrating flood control, irrigation and tourism. The lake is wide, surrounded by mountains, and the water adds color to the mountains, and the mountains help the water. It is a rare eco-tourism area. 1994 was designated as a provincial-level scenic spot by the Heilongjiang provincial government.
The total area of the scenic spot is 473 hectares, of which the water surface is 26 1 hectare, the flat and mountainous areas are 2 12 hectares, the existing green space is13 hectares, and the total storage capacity is12.74 million cubic meters.
After more than forty years of development, especially in recent years, the construction of scenic spots focusing on tourist facilities has begun to take shape. The location here is superior and the transportation is convenient. You can take the bus on Shuangyong Line or Line 6 directly to the entrance of the scenic spot. Every tourist season, it is very lively here, and there are a constant stream of domestic and foreign tourists, which can reach1-200,000 person-times every year.
The scenic spot is well equipped, clean and tidy, with good public order and orderly management, which can make tourists live comfortably, eat well and have fun, and make tourists come on impulse and return with satisfaction.
The main attractions of the scenic spot are:
The main dam of the reservoir is 780 meters, which is more magnificent after reinforcement. The shaft spillway is the only unique overflow facility in the province. The spillway culvert passes through the mountain, commanding like a waterfall; The tomb of Verda Majo, an internationalist warrior, is located on Dongshan Mountain in the scenic spot. There is a natural clear spring behind the dam, which is cool and sweet; There are also carp coming out of the water, girls' night reading sculptures, wall sculptures of the zodiac, giant Buddha statues, water intake towers, Bishui Bridge, Jingxiangge and other attractions.
The main resorts are:
Great Wall Ecological Park, Qilin Villa, Wuwei Villa, Shengci Villa, Huxin Island Villa, Sifeng Villa, etc. Each resort has advanced facilities and elegant decoration, which can provide all-round services for tourists to eat, live and play.
The main entertainment items are:
Cruise around the lake, boating on the lake, landing on the island in the middle of the lake, fishing by the lake or fish pond, karaoke bars, mountain climbing, etc.
At present, the municipal government is making a high-standard master plan for the scenic spot, and all facilities in the scenic spot will be implemented according to the new plan. In the construction, the principle is conducive to the development of scenic spots, the purpose is to create the style of scenic spots, improve the taste of scenic spots and increase the charm of scenic spots. We believe that with the gradual implementation of the new planning of the scenic spot, Sifeng Mountain Scenic Spot will become an ideal leisure and entertainment place with elegant and beautiful environment, which can provide multi-faceted services and meet the different requirements of tourists.
Local specialties:
There are 1 18 rivers in Jiamusi city, which are rich in water resources. The total area of rivers, reservoirs and swamps is 1.28 million hectares, and it is rich in carp, crucian carp, grass carp and silver carp. The specialty salmon, sturgeon and bighead carp are famous aquatic products at home and abroad. Fish seed paste is made from the eggs of salmon, sturgeon and bighead carp, which has high nutritional and economic value and is a best-selling product in domestic and foreign markets.