One, red Fuji:The fruit is large, the shape of the fruit flattened round to nearly round, oblique shoulder. Fruit surface smooth, no rust, fruit powder, wax layer thick, thick and tough in the skin; bottom color yellow-green, coloring slice red or bright striped red; fruit points in more, yellow-white, smaller, rounded, rust-colored fruit points are large, irregularly protruding obviously. Flesh yellow-white, dense crisp, juicy, moderately sweet and sour, aromatic and refreshing to eat.
Two, Gala: fruit medium large, short conical; fruit surface bottom color golden, sunny side with light red halo, red intermittent wide stripes; fruit shape is upright, more beautiful, fruit top has five ribs, fruit stalks long and thin; thin skin, glossy; flesh light yellow, flesh is fine and crispy; soluble solids content of 13 ~ 15%, fruit juice, sweet and slightly acidic flavor, very tasty, good quality.
Four, Red General: the variety of fruit large, nearly round, fruit color bright, full red; flesh yellow-white, hard flesh, flesh is fine and crisp, juicy. Flavor sweet and sour rich, superior quality. Strong storage resistance, not easy to hair sheep, natural storage can be up to the Spring Festival.
Six, Golden Crown: also known as Golden Marshal, yellow banana. Fruit large, conical, slightly ribbed at the top; fruit stalks long and thin, thin skin, less glossy, slightly rough, greenish-yellow color, a little after storage into golden yellow, harvested late in the sun surface occasionally light red halo; yellowish-white flesh, dense flesh; just harvested when crisp and juicy, after storage is a little softer, taste sweet, slightly acidic, aroma is far away, good raw food quality.
Seven, red star (snake fruit): also known as red marshal, for the red banana thick stripes of red-type buds, is one of the world's major cultivars. Fruit large, conical. The top of the fruit has a five-angled bulge, the fruit pile is high, the fruit shape is beautiful; the first coloring appeared obvious intermittent red stripes, followed by a red haze, full coloring of the whole fruit thick red, and there is obvious purple-red thick stripes, the fruit surface is glossy, very bright and eye-catching; the fruit point is light brown or grayish-white, the fruit shoulder is undulating; the flesh is yellowish-white, the texture of the thick, more brittle, juicy, sweet taste.
China's apple production has now formed four major apple producing areas:
One, Bohai Bay producing areas
The region includes the Jiaodong Peninsula, Taiyi Mountains, Liaonan and part of western Liaosi, the greater part of Hebei and Beijing, Tianjin and the two cities, China's earliest cultivation of apples, the largest output and area, the highest level of production of the producing areas. In 2000, the region's apple area of 10.619 million mu, production of 7.7603 million tons, respectively, accounting for 28.99% and 38.35% of the country; apple exports 137,700 tons, accounting for 60.12% of the country's high-quality fruit commodities rate is high. The cultivated area and output of 28 priority counties in this region are 6,230,100 mu and 5,726,300 tons, accounting for 58.77% and 73.8% of the whole region respectively; in 2005, the cultivated area of apples accounted for 39% of the total area of apples in China, and the output accounted for 43% of the total output in China.
Liaonan to Dalian, Yingkou as a centralized production area, west of Liaosi to Huludao, Linghai and other places. The region has sufficient heat, good light and moderate precipitation. Taiyi mountainous area growing season temperatures are high, conducive to early maturity varieties of early maturity on the market; coastal areas in the summer cool, long autumn, light, is China's largest commercial production area of medium and late maturing varieties; the production area of superior export conditions, transportation and convenience; to attract more foreign investment, faster enterprise development, industrialization advantages are obvious; the region's scientific research, promotion of strong technical force, the fruit growers have a high level of technical skills.
Luzhong mountainous area, the northwestern plains of Lu mainly cultivated color system Fuji and new red star varieties. Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin area is mainly concentrated in the north to Tangshan and Zhangjiakou and other places for the best. Beijing is dominated by Miyun, Changping and Yanqing. Tianjin is the new apple area, mainly concentrated in the suburbs.
The region mainly develops colorful Fuji, short branch type Marshal, Jonagold, Golden Dwarf and so on.
Second, the Northwest Loess Plateau producing areas
The region includes Shaanxi Weibei area, Shanxi Jinnan and Jinzhong, Henan Sanmenxia area and Gansu Longdong area, the total area of 12.714 million mu of apples in 2000, accounting for 34.16% of the country; production of 7.7279 million tons, accounting for 38.19% of the country; exports of 32,300 tons, accounting for 14.1% of the national export volume. 14.1%. The 27 priority counties in the region cultivated an area of 7.263 million mu and produced 5.7376 million tons, accounting for 57.13% and 74.25% of the region respectively.
This production area has low dimensions, and most of it belongs to the Loess Plateau, with plenty of light, a big temperature difference between day and night (11.8-16.6℃), and deep soil, which makes it a high-quality apple production area. Tongchuan, Baishui and Luochuan in Shaanxi and Tianshui in Gansu have become important bases for exporting apples in China.
The region's apple cultivars are mainly coloring system Fuji, New Red Star, Jonagold, etc..
Third, the Yellow River Road and the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains production area
The area includes Yu Dong, Southwest Lu, North Jiangsu and North Anhui, area and production accounted for 11% and 14% of the country, respectively, the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains this year, the area of the fruit area of the growth of the slow, while the Yellow River Road fruit area is a significant growth trend.
The Yellow River old road production area, the terrain is low and flat, the average annual temperature of 13-15 ℃, the average temperature in January -1.6-1 ℃, the average temperature in July 27-28 ℃, the annual rainfall of 700 ml or so, the number of hours of sunshine 2300-2500 hours, the soil for the alluvial sandy soil, the soil has little organic matter, alkaline, pH 7-8, it is appropriate to use the Begonia to do the apple grafting rootstocks. Fruit trees have a long growing season, young trees bear fruit earlier, and fruit maturity is also early.
The region's dominant varieties are mainly red Fuji.
Fourth, the southwest cold highland producing areas
The area includes Sichuan Aba, Ganzi two Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of western Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan Zhaotong, Yi-Wei area, northwestern Guizhou, Bijie area, south of Tibet Chamdo and Yarlung Zangbo River in the lower reaches of the belt. The area and production account for 3% and 2% of the country respectively.
Southwest cold highland producing areas of low dimensions, high altitude, vertical distribution differences are obvious, the average annual temperature between 10-13.5 ℃, annual precipitation of 800-1000 ml, more production of early-ripening apples.
This area is mainly planted with Golden Crown, Marshal and Red Star.
Nutritional value of apples
Some scientists and physicians call apples the "all-around health fruit" or "general practitioner". Because of the mild nature of the apple, rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements, sugar, organic acids, pectin, protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and dietary fiber, and contains malic acid, tartaric acid, carotene, all fruits and vegetables in the nutritive value of the closest to the perfect one.
1. Rich in zinc
Apple has a "wisdom fruit", "memory fruit" reputation. People have long found that eating more apples has the effect of enhancing memory and improving intelligence. Apples are not only rich in sugar, vitamins and minerals and other essential nutrients for the brain, and more importantly, rich in zinc. According to research, zinc is the body of many important enzyme components, is to promote growth and development of key elements, zinc is also the composition of memory and closely related to the nucleic acids and proteins of the indispensable elements, zinc is also with the production of antibodies to improve the body's immunity has a close relationship.
2. The water content in fresh apples is 85%.
3. Apples contain polyphenols and flavonoids natural chemical antioxidants and a large amount of crude fiber.
4. Containing more potassium, it can combine with the body's excess sodium salt, so that it can be discharged from the body. When the body intake of sodium salt is too much, eat some apples, is conducive to the balance of electrolytes in the body.
5. Containing phosphorus and iron and other elements, easy to be absorbed by the intestinal wall, there is a brain and blood, tranquility and sleep.
6. The aroma of apples is a good medicine for depression and depression. Experts after many tests found that in many odors, the apple's aroma has the greatest psychological impact on people, it has the obvious role of eliminating psychological depression. Clinical use has proved that the mental depression patients smell apple aroma, the state of mind greatly improved, the spirit of relaxation and happiness, depression disappeared.