Costumes:

"Hair Crowns" and "Flag Shoes"

Flag Costumes:

Since the twentieth century, the economy and culture of the Manchu people have changed dramatically, and many of the traditional costumes have been very rare. traditional costumes have been very rare. But from the movies, television and museums, we can still often appreciate the style of the old flag dress. Women's heads and wide and long, like fan non-fan, like crown non-crown headdress - hair crown is very striking.

In the past, Manchu women as young as the boys, more shaved head around the hair, leaving only the skull hair, braided into a braid hanging on the back of the head, until the adult side of the hair to stay braided. After marriage, they began to ò big basin head, rack head, two head and other types of hair buns, including two head is more typical. The two-pronged head is the hair bundled at the top of the head, divided into two locks, each into a bun, and then the remaining hair behind the bun into a long flat bun with a "swallowtail style". Normally, the bun is inserted horizontally with a headpin of 20 to 30 centimeters in length and two to three centimeters in width, known as the "big flat square", and the hair crown is worn on auspicious days or when receiving guests.

Flag head:

Hair crowns are made of iron wire or bamboo rattan as a hat frame, with green satin, green velvet or green gauze for the face, wrapped into a fan-shaped crown of about thirty centimeters long and ten centimeters wide. Wear fixed on top of the bun can be. Above also often embroidered patterns, set jewelry or decorated with a variety of flowers, adorned with a long tassel. This headdress is mostly used by Manchu women of the upper class, the general folk women married to decorate. Wearing this wide and long hair crown, limiting the neck twisting, so that the body straight, coupled with a long cheongsam and high bottom flag shoes, so that they walk to the slender step, extraordinarily stable, elegant.

Horseshoe shoes:

In addition to the "cheongsam" and "hair crowns", Manchu women's "flag shoes" are also very distinctive. This embroidered flag shoes with a wooden bottom, known as "high bottom shoes", or "flowerpot bottom" shoes, "horseshoe bottom" shoes. The wooden sole with high heel is generally about 5-10 centimeters high, some up to 14-16 centimeters, the highest up to about 25 centimeters. They are usually wrapped in white cloth and set in the center of the sole in the center of the foot. The shape of the heel sole is usually of two kinds, one is spacious at the top and convergent at the bottom, in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal flowerpot. The other is thin and wide, flat in front and rounded in the back, and its shape and landing marks all resemble a horseshoe. The "flowerpot bottom" and "horseshoe bottom" are thus named, and collectively called "high bottom shoes". In addition to the upper decorated with embroidered patterns such as cicadas and butterflies or decorative pieces, the part of the wooden heel that does not touch the ground is also commonly decorated with embroidery or beads. The tips of some shoes are also decorated with spikes made of silk thread, which can reach the ground. This shoe's high heel wooden sole is extremely strong, often the upper broken, but the sole is still intact, can be used again. High-heeled flag shoes for more than 13 or 14 years of age in the aristocracy of young women to wear. Older women's flag shoes, more flat wood for the bottom, called "flat shoes", the front end of the ground at a slightly cut, so that walking. Now are not worn.

Since ancient times, the Manchu people have been "cutting wood for crawling" custom. On the origin of this high sole shoes, there are a variety of sayings. According to one theory, in the past, Manchu women often go to the mountains to collect wild fruits, mushrooms, etc., in order to prevent insects and snakes bite, they will be in the soles of the binding of wooden blocks, and then made more and more sophisticated, the development of a high sole shoes. There is also a legend that the ancestors of the Manchu people in order to cross a muddy pond, to recapture the city occupied by the enemy, they learned the appearance of the crane, tied on the shoes on the high pitchforks, and finally won the victory, and achieved the revenge, the development and expansion of the purpose. People in order not to forget those days of suffering, to commemorate the merits of the high wooden shoes, the women wore these shoes, and generations, the more exquisite and beautiful, into the later this look.

Historically, Manchu men like to wear green and blue robes and coats, the top of the back of the head to keep hair braided behind the head, wearing a dome cap, under the set of pants. Women like to wear straight cheongsam, combing Beijing head or "bun", wearing children's rings, hanging handkerchiefs around the waist, day foot, with flower shoes. But today's "cheongsam" is not the history of Manchu women's clothing, but absorbed the Western clothing cut method of fashion, and the past Manchu women's clothing is very different.

Manchu clothing was popular in the Qing Dynasty, now the same as the Han Chinese clothing. Manchu women do not wrap their feet, the shoes embroidered with beautiful flowers, the center of the sole pad 10 centimeters high wooden heel, Manchu women wearing such shoes to walk, can maintain the posture of the head and waist swaying gait. Manchu women's hair style changes a lot, the girl age, only simple hair in the back of the head pull a bit. Growing up to get married soon, the hair should be combed into a braid and pulled into a single bun, after marriage, the hair style has a double-bun style, single-bun style and other kinds of double-bun style hairstyle from the top of the head combed for the front and back of the two parts. The front bun is combed into a flat top so that the crown can be worn, and the back of the neck bun is combed into a swallow-tail shape, stretching out behind the shin, which makes the neck always stay straight, so that Manchu women look more noble and dignified when they walk. The picture shows a Manchu bride combing her wedding hair. The cheongsam is a year-round garment worn by Manchu men, women and children, it is simple to cut, with a garden collar, wide front and back lapels, and narrow sleeves, four-piece cut, with longer slits, which makes it easy to get on and off the horse; and narrow sleeves, which makes it easy to shoot arrows. Because the mouth of the sleeve is attached to the horseshoe-shaped sleeve guard, also known as the horseshoe sleeve. In the Manchu people gradually out of the riding career, horseshoe sleeves have become decorative, and put down the horseshoe sleeves is still the Manchu people to the elders, honoring the rituals of homage. The women's cheongsam is more decorative than the men's cheongsam. The collar, front and cuffs are decorated with embroidery. With the change of time, the cheongsam style has changed a lot, and the four-piece cut system has been changed to a two-piece cut system. The cheongsam can well express women's body and curves. The picture shows the vest worn by Manchu women over the cheongsam. It is embroidered with delicate patterns. A Manchu woman wearing a cheongsam for a court dance. Men wearing traditional Manchu cheongsams, including robes with arrow sleeves and a vest, and hats for Manchu men.

Homes:

In the past, Manchu housing was generally characterized by a wall of shadows in the courtyard, with a "Solo Pole" for the gods. The traditional Manchu housing is generally west, center and east three rooms, the door opens to the south, the west room is called the west on the house, the center is called the hall, the east room is called the east under the house. The west house has south, west and north kangs, the west kang is expensive, the north kang is big, the south kang is small, the guests live in the west kang, the elders live in the north kang, and the elders live in the south kang.

Customs:

The Manchus honor their elders and pay attention to etiquette. When they meet their elders on the road, they should bow sideways and bow slightly with their hands hanging down in salute, and wait for their elders to pass by and then walk again; not only do the younger generation see their elders, but also the younger ones in the same generation should salute their elders in greeting. Friends and relatives meet, in addition to shaking hands and greet each other, some also hold waist to face ritual. The Spring Festival to pay homage twice, the night of the New Year's Eve to pay homage once, for the resignation of the old year, the first day of the year to pay homage once again, called to welcome the New Year. Indoor west bed shall not sit at random and pile up sundries; avoid playing dog, kill dog and avoid eating dog meat; not wear dog skin cap, not laying dog skin mattress, taboo wear dog skin cap or dog skin sleeve guests.

The Manchu will be the west wall as a sacred part of the ancestors, not allowed to hang clothes in this, posting paintings; the west kang is commonly known as "Buddha kang", for the "ancestors board". It is forbidden for people, especially women, to sit or lie on the west kang. Usually, guests are not allowed to rest in the west kang, and they are not allowed to put dog skin hats or whips here. It is forbidden to beat dogs, kill dogs and eat dog meat; not wearing a dog skin hat, not laying a dog skin mattress, and it is forbidden to wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin sleeve of the guests.

Do not cross from the tripod of the pot stove, fire pond, can not use footsteps or casually sit on the pot stove or fire pond; not allowed to bake feet, socks, shoes and boots on the pot stove mouth or pond; prohibited to eat leftover food, bones, fish spines, etc. thrown into the pot stove or fire pond.

The Manchus used to believe in shamanism, and every year, according to different festivals, sacrifices to heaven, gods, ancestors, pigs and pig's head as the main sacrifice. In the big sacrifice to kill the pig, especially in the ancestor sacrifice to choose the black pig without hair (some must also choose the black boar), before the slaughter to the pig's ear wine, such as the pig's ear shaking, it is believed that the god has been accepted, can be slaughtered. This is commonly known as "lead animal". In some places, the pig intestine and bladder into the bucket hanging on a pole, so that the crows to eat, if eaten within three days, for good luck. Then the whole pig unloaded into eight pieces, as arranged in the square plate, for the family house in the west wall of the ancestors under the tablets, family members arranged in accordance with the generations of crown-free kowtow three times, and then chopped meat into the pot boiled, the family sat around, dipped in salt and eat. At this time, if there are guests, as long as in front of the ancestral tablets kowtow three times, you can sit down to eat with, eat also do not have to thank. Manchu people still have to kill a pig when the neighbors and friends to taste the custom of the first pork. In the past, in the ripening season, the Manchu also "recommend new" rituals, now has been "on the field of tofu on the field cake" custom instead of, that is, in the five grains on the field, with new beans to do tofu to eat, to play the field at the end of the new grain to do the rhubarb rice or bean noodles and meat and potatoes to eat! to celebrate the harvest. Manchu young men and women get married, the bride must first sit on the south bed tent, also known as "sitting on the blessing". Until the evening, only on the ground to put a table, the bride, the groom should be arm in arm around the table three times after drinking.

Daily food:

The Manchu people eat three meals a day when they are busy, and two meals a day when they are idle. The staple food is millet and sorghum rice, round-grained rice, dry rice, like in the rice with small beans or beans, such as sorghum rice beans dry rice. Some areas to corn as the main food, like to ferment cornmeal made of "sour soup". Most areas in the northeast of the Manchu people still have the habit of eating water rice, that is, in the good sorghum rice or corn (rice + Cha) after the rice with water over again, and then into the water soak, eat, fish out, served in a bowl, cool and delicious. This way of eating more in the summer. Biscuits are made of sticky sorghum, sticky corn, yellow rice and other ground into the surface of the production of biscuits, biscuits with bean noodles, rubbing biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits, biscuits and cakes, biscuits and boiled (dumplings in Chinese), and so on. Manchu meat and potatoes has a long history, the Qing Dynasty that became the staple food of the Palace. One of the most representative of the imperial meal "chestnut flour nest", also known as small nest. Manchu confectionery Saqi Ma has also become a nationally renowned pastry. The more famous Qing Dongling pastry, also known as Qing Dongling large meat and potatoes, Beijing snacks Dun biscuits, Hebei Chengde snacks crispy meat and potatoes, Hubei Jingzhou snacks lard meat and potatoes, and so on.

The cold weather in the northern winter, no fresh vegetables, Manchu folk often pickled cabbage in the fall and winter (i.e., sauerkraut) as the main vegetables. It is rumored that the method of storing vegetables with pickles began in the Qing dynasty during the reign of Shunzhi. Sauerkraut boiled white meat, vermicelli is a common dish after the winter of the Manchu people. Sauerkraut can be boiled, stewed, stir-fried and mixed with cold methods of consumption, with sauerkraut under the hot pot is unique. Side dishes can also be used to make dumplings. The Manchus in the northeast region, each household pickled sauerkraut can generally eat until the next spring. In addition, there are daily vegetables such as radish and bean curd. The Manchu people love to eat pork, which is often cooked in white. The Najiakuan in Shenyang, Liaoning province, is a Manchu restaurant with a history of more than 100 years, which carries white meat and blood sausage, which is regarded as an authentic Manchu flavor.

There are many Manchu eating customs and dietary rituals. Such as rituals used God cake, God meat, passers-by can share, but generally can not be brought, after eating is not allowed to wipe their mouths; family dining, elders do not move chopsticks, the younger generation will never move the chopsticks; New Year's Eve to kill the New Year's Eve pig, there are friends and relatives, neighbors are invited to eat with the custom of white meat and blood sausage.

National food:

The Manchu people live in scattered, representative of the typical food, mainly:

① white meat and blood sausage.

② hot pot (the traditional flavor of Manchu dishes)

③ sour soup sub 9 Liaoning Xiuyan Manchu typical food)

④ Qingdongling pastry (also known as Qingdongling big meat and potatoes. The earliest is the Qing Dynasty emperor to the East Mausoleum to worship ancestors to make offerings, so also known as the "sacrificial meat and potatoes". Do offerings with fruit filling thick pastry meat and potatoes, fish meat and potatoes, spoons meat and potatoes, chrysanthemum meat and potatoes, battered meat and potatoes, deep-fried Goryeo meat and potatoes, river rice cake, yellow rice cake, seven-star cake, egg cake, berries milk cake, mountain grape cake, mountain pear cake dozens of kinds of noodles. Passed into the folk made pastry, roughly divided into two kinds of meat and potatoes size. Large biscuits per catty eight pieces, commonly known as Qingdongling large eight pieces; small biscuits per catty sixteen pieces, commonly known as Qingdongling small eight pieces. The size of the meat and potatoes varieties are mainly master cake, muffin, rose cake, dragon and phoenix cake, hawthorn peach. (There is no filling of the seven stars point, eight crack cake, walnut cake, to the mouth of the cake, etc.)

Traditional festivals:

Many of the Manchu festivals are the same as the Han Chinese. The main Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. During the festivals, traditional sports activities such as "pearl ball", horse jumping, camel jumping and ice skating are usually held.

Every New Year's festival, we have to kill pigs, the New Year (Spring Festival) when each family to kill two to three pigs. On the eighth day of the Lunar New Year (Laha Festival), eight kinds of grains, such as sticky sorghum and small beans, are used to cook congee, which is called Laha congee. New Year's Eve to eat dumplings, put a white thread in a dumpling, who ate the white thread means who can live a long life: some also put a copper coin in a dumpling, eat will mean that there is money to spend in the new year. In addition, they also eat hand-held meat and the unique snack "Saqima".

Zongjin Festival is the day of the Manchu "clan celebration". 1635 summer October 13, Huang taiji issued a decree, officially changed the clan name "Wujin" for "Manchuria", which marks a new ethnic ****. Marked a new national **** the formation of the same body.

In October 1989, in Dandong, "the first symposium on Manchu culture", the official December 3 every year as the "Gold Festival".

Zongjin Festival: is the Manchu "clan celebration" day. 1635 lunar October 13, Huang taiji issued a decree, officially changed the name of the clan "female" for "Manchuria". This marks the formation of a new national **** the same body. October 1989, in Dandong, "the first symposium on Manchu culture", the official December 3 every year as "gold festival".

On the Yuan Festival: that is, the 15th day of the first month, commonly known as the "Lantern Festival". The same as the Han Chinese, the Manchus also have the Lantern Festival hanging lanterns and eat Lanterns custom.

Walking disease: Manchu women's festival. Generally on the sixteenth day of the first month. That night, the women in groups of three to five, accompanied by the far continent, or walking sand roll ice, or playful and lively, called "walk the disease".

February 2: commonly known as "dragon head-raising day". That morning, the Manchu family to the stove ash scattered in the yard, ash road curved like a dragon, so called "lead to the dragon". Then held a ceremony in the courtyard, praying for good weather. The whole family also eat "dragon beard noodles" and "dragon scale cake". Women can not do needlework on this day.

Qingming Festival: not like the Han Chinese paper money on the top of the grave after the pressure of money, but in the grave inserted "Fodor's". "Fodor's" is a Manchu word, translated into Chinese as "willow" or "willow branches". According to Manchu beliefs, the willow is the ancestor of people, people are the descendants of the willow, in order to show that there are successors, to insert the willow on the grave.

Dragon Boat Festival: Manchu Dragon Boat Festival to eat dumplings, rowing dragon boats, the same customs with the Han.

Zhongyuan Festival: Manchu July 15 for the Zhongyuan Festival, is also regarded as the "ghost festival" of the dead. At that time, all the monasteries set up a dojo, burning lamps and reading scriptures, to hold a variety of rituals.

Mid-Autumn Festival: The Manchu family ate the Mid-Autumn Festival "reunion dinner". In addition, when the moon rises, but also for the moon. That is, in the courtyard of the west side to the east of a wooden screen, screen hanging on the cockle flower, bean branches, fresh lotus root, etc., for the moon rabbit. Before the screen set up a table, the table for a large moon cake. At the time of sacrifice, incense burning kowtow, women first, men after worship.

Lunar New Year's Day: the Manchu family Lunar New Year's Eve to soak "Lunar New Year's Eve vinegar" and cook "Lunar New Year's Eve meat". In addition to the family to eat but also to send friends and relatives.

Small year: the custom of the small year of the Manchu and the Han Chinese the same. The 23rd day of the lunar month for the "small year". At that time, every family should worship the God of the stove, commonly known as "send the stove king".

Manchu on the 30th of the year, to post couplets, window, hanging paper (in the past, according to the flag genus were posted red, yellow, blue, white), Fukuzi, paste the God of the Door (the Department of absorption of the Han customs), wear purse (in the past, the Royal Palace to reward the princes and ministers of the "peace year after year," purse, there are also given to each other in the private sector). Home yard erected lantern poles, picking red lights, dark lights, all night long.

New Year's Eve package dumplings, pay attention to pleats, can not pinch the light side of the "monk head" dumplings, avoiding the days over the "bald". Yard put dumplings taboo set into a circle, for fear of the new day went dead door. When the dumplings are cooked at midnight, the head of the family yells, "Have you risen for the new day?" The others reply at the same time, "Yes!" They compared the rising of the dumplings from the bottom of the pot to the rising of the day. Then they let the children climb up the cupboard and jump three times to show that the new day is "higher".

On this day, the younger generation should kowtow to the elders to pay respect to the New Year (in the old days, women kneeled and stroked their temples), and parents should give the children to keep the New Year's money. Clan relatives should also pay homage to each other, friends and relatives are invited to feasts, together with the old talk about the new. On New Year's Eve, ancestors are sacrificed to the gods. The gods in the gate to put a horizontal wood to prevent ghosts and demons to come in.

New Year's Eve Eve custom to eat dumplings, dumplings inside the dark put copper, eaters will be "the end of the year auspicious". Boys and girls in groups fireworks, firecrackers, play wooden plow, or skating with gusto; girls and young women are dressed in costume, playing Garaha (made of pig or cow knee bone toys).

On the first day of the morning at dawn, families firecrackers, the old and welcome the new. At the same time, in the west wall of their own ancestor board set up offerings, lighting tartar incense, bowing to the ancestors, praying to the gods to bless the whole family in the new year safe and sound, all the best. On the first day of the New Year, all families get up early, wear new clothes, congratulate each other on the New Year, called "New Year's Day".

From the first to the fifth, people are gathered in one place, singing, dancing, stilt walkers, entertainment, some places, young people also organized their own performance team, village performance, congratulations on the New Year, the festive atmosphere is more intense.

The Spring Festival for the Manchu and Han Chinese is a **** the same holiday, the Manchu people will also be the Spring Festival called "New Year". There are about 30,000 Manchus living in Lanzhou, and they have their own unique Spring Festival customs. "Lapa congee" and "lead the sacrifice": the Manchu people also have Xiba Festival (the eighth day of the eighth month of the Lunar Calendar). Legend has it that in the early years, there Bu Manchu patriarch, with the power to bully people, all year round door-to-door Lun Liu want to eat and drink, the Manchu people dared not speak out in anger. In the past, the eighth day of the month, a farmer named U Jinla came up with a good note, with glutinous rice, brown sugar and dozens of dried fruits cooked into a kind of gruel, please go to eat the patriarch, the patriarch took a look at the angry: "What is this thing ah, slimy!" Wu Zinla told the patriarch that this is called "Laha congee", the patriarch listened to this very unpleasant porridge name, angry away, and then no longer to the family to eat and drink. Manchu descendants in honor of the U Jinla, every year on the eighth day of the eighth month of the year to cook "Lahai congee" to drink. In the past, the Manchu people on the eighth day of the month not only to make their own "congee", and to send each other "congee" to strengthen the unity between relatives and neighbors. After the fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year, the Manchu people should choose any day to kill the pig, sacrificing to the ancestors, the grandfather and the ancestors of the branch. Annual pig shall not have white hair, pig bundled up and carried to the ancestors before offering, before killing the wine poured into the ears of the pig, if the ears move for the "lead animal", such as not moving, you need to pray, until the moving party can be killed. After killing, the first pig will be chopped into eight pieces, placed in front of the ancestral tablets, burning Dazi incense, the whole family kowtow. After the ceremony, you can eat meat. When eating the first meat, the whole family should sit around the pot, without a table. Sacrifice ancestors and eat New Year's dinner: the twenty-ninth day of the Lunar New Year, the Manchu family home to stick window, hanging paper, couplets and large "Fu" character. In the past, the Manchu people in the past on the hanging paper is very careful, the family is what color flag people on what color hanging what paper, ancestors originally from Changbai Mountain several ditch on the top of the ancestral board on the top of a few hanging paper. Lunar New Year's Eve 30 this day, every family should erect a five or six meters high "Solo pole" (also known as the God pole), the top of the pole hanging square tin liter, liter of pig's entrails for crows, magpies to eat. Legend has it that this pole is the Qing Emperor Nurhachu ginseng digging with the rope dial stick. It is also rumored that the Ming Li Chengliang harm Nurhachu, Nurhachu Meng Li Mrs. rescue, riding to escape, on the way to horse hoof fall to the bottom of the cliff, a group of crows, magpies fell on him to protect him, the pursuers thought that he had fallen to his death, they turned around and went. Nurhachu escaped into the mountains, to dig the ginseng proceeds of the purchase of weapons, food and supplies, rose to unify the northeast. Later generations to commemorate the crows, magpies to save their ancestors, in the Spring Festival erected "Solo pole". On New Year's Eve, the Manchus pay homage to their ancestors. Ancestor worship first in front of the ancestor board in the main hall of the home for homemade rice wine 13, homemade cream snacks 13 dishes, the board affixed to the new hanging sign (Manchu). The same offerings are also made in front of the "Solo Pole" in the southeast corner of the courtyard. Then, the eldest member of the family officiates at the ceremony and leads the whole family in bowing. Afterwards, offerings are made to the ancestors, including rice, vegetables, wine, dried fruits and snacks. After the ancestor worship is completed, the whole family goes to the house of the highest-ranking parent to perform the New Year's salute. After the ceremony, the whole family sits in a sequence and eats the New Year's dinner. Generally speaking, on New Year's Eve, the Manchu people will eat dumplings. The dumplings should be placed in rows horizontally and vertically, which means that the coming year will be prosperous. When the dumplings are boiled, the bottom of the pot should be burned with "apricot stick" firewood, because "apricot" and "Xing" are homophonic. When the dumplings rise from the boiling pot, the person cooking the dumplings yells, "The day is coming, the day is coming!" The whole family must follow, shouting, "Up! Up!" After eating the dumplings, some people even have their children jump a few times in the high places of the house to signify that the family's day has jumped high. Some people also wrap copper coins or other things in the dumplings to measure the luck of the year, thus increasing the atmosphere of the festival. Festival of Lights and "Strainer Aunt": Manchu New Year's Eve, from New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day of the first month of the year, after lighting the lanterns on the "Solo Pole" and under the eaves of the house, it will be all night long to show that the red lamps are shining high. If the lanterns go out, it means bad luck. Some people will even light to the second day of February. The Lantern Festival of the Manchu people is also known as the Lantern Festival. On this day, every family should hang all kinds of colorful lamps and hold a lantern festival. In the countryside, this night some people have to "check the month": buckwheat noodles made of 12 small lamp bowl, the bowl side marked on the month, put a soybean in each bowl, and then placed in a pot of steam, the bowl of soybean swelling means that month of waterlogging, soybean grain is small is a drought, not too big not too small for the wind and rain. Lantern Festival is also a festival of young Manchu women. On this day, "Gege" (girls) dress up beautifully to play "strainer aunt". They paste pink lotus paper on the strainer and paint it as a beautiful beauty, then tie the chopsticks and the strainer into the character of "ten", with the vertical one (the handle of the strainer) as the body, and the horizontal one (the chopsticks) as the hands, and then they put on the beautiful clothes made of colorful paper for the "Strainer Aunt" to make the "Strainer Aunt" look beautiful and beautiful. Then, the "Strainer Aunt" is dressed in beautiful colorful paper clothes and dances happily on the table. Afterwards, the onlookers can ask the "Strainer Aunt" for "divination", whatever they want, Ken Manchu The Manchus are not allowed to eat dog meat and do not wear dog-skin hats. In the Manchu home guests, can not just sit on the west bed.

However, I am a Manchu Oh~