Li County, Hebei Province is the origin of Ma Yam, a national geographical indication protected product, with a cultivation history of 3,000 years. In 2019, the planting area of ??yam in Li County reached 55,000 acres. The varieties of Ma yam include stick yam, purple yam, Xiaobaizui, iron stick yam and other varieties. The average yield per mu of traditional planting is 3,000 kilograms. Excluding the investment of about 3,000 yuan, the profit can be more than 5,000 yuan per mu. It is a way for farmers to get rich and increase their income.

However, in recent years, some farmers have resorted to predatory planting, causing the soil to lose its planting ability, compaction, and continuous cropping obstacles. Diseases and insect pests have seriously affected the yield, and the quality has declined. Hairy, rough, and curved skin has Phenomenons such as branching and branching account for a large proportion. Most yam growers take a three-year break from one season in order to re-crop. Production capacity is declining year by year.

In the autumn of 2018, the cooperation team organized on-site inspections by technical personnel from both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and jointly decided to select 10 acres of land in Li County in 2019 to use Taiwan's casing yam planting technology for demonstration planting, with the target yield per mu exceeding Thousands of kilograms, and the input-output ratio is improved.

1. Variety Selection

For demonstration, five varieties of ground yam were selected from two categories: stick yam and purple yam.

2. Preparation before planting

1. The planting soil is divided into the planting land of the previous year, the planting land of the second year and the planting land of the third year. Since tube planting has very low soil requirements, the planting site only needs to be prepared as required.

2. For plastic casing processing, use a hard plastic pipe with an inner diameter of 6-7cm, cut it into a 1m long section with a hand saw, and cut it lengthwise (divide the pipe into two halves), and then cut one end of the plastic pipe into Go to the middle of the other end and drill holes with a hand drill or electric drill. The hole diameter is 1cm and the spacing is 20cm. Drill 4 holes in each row and 2 rows at a time. The processed plastic casing can be used for 6-8 years.

3. Mark the entire border. Make a flat border for every 2 rows of yam, with a border width of 1.4-1.5m. Apply bio-based fertilizer and mark both ends of the border and the lines of the plastic casings so that you can find the plastic casings when sowing.

3. Preparation of seed potatoes

1. Yam segments are cut from the tubers with buds at the top when harvesting the yam. They are 20cm long and weigh about 50g. Dry them in the sun before sowing to allow the wounds to heal, and then store them in layers. Pay attention to anti-freezing during storage.

4. Sowing at the right time

1. The seed potatoes prepared from yam beans should be bright in color, with full terminal buds, strong tubers, sparse nodules, few roots, no pests and diseases, and no Rotten, not frozen, weighing about 150g. Sowing yam seeds requires a diameter of more than 3cm and a length of 15-20cm.

2. 15-20 days before germination and sowing, take out the yam segments stored in layers and place them in an environment of 25-28°C to sand 3-5cm for germination. During germination, you can use a sunny border or a small arched shed, which should always be airtight and insulated. The yam shoots can be sown when they emerge from the sand.

5. Post-planting management

1. Intertillage can not only preserve moisture, but also increase ground temperature and promote the emergence of yam. After sowing, the soil should be cultivated 1-2 times in time. After the soil is unearthed, shallow cultivating should be carried out 2-3 times to prevent weeds from breeding. When cultivating, the areas close to the yams should be shallow and the areas far away from the yams should be deep. As the yams grow, it is advisable to stay away from the yams during cultivating.

2. When the yam stems grow to 30cm long, set up a "human" frame with a height of 1.5-2.0m and be firm to prevent it from being blown over by the wind. The vines must be introduced and put on the shelves in time. Generally, the side branches are not removed, but the aerial stems that are not used for seed preservation must be removed in time. Too many aerial stems will affect the expansion of yam tubers.

3. Water the yam stems for the first time when they grow to about 1m. Watering should not be done too early, otherwise it will delay root growth. The amount of water should be small and flooding should not be used. Water the second time after 7-10 days, and the amount of water can be larger. It is advisable to water later to keep the soil dry and moist. When the main vine reaches the top of the trellis and side branches begin to form at the bottom of the plant, keep the soil moist.

6. Demonstration product quality characteristics

1. Sensory characteristics.

Stick medicine: The stems are regular, even in thickness, about 50 cm long. The roots are dense and long, the mouth is short, about 10 to 15 cm, the skin is thin, the texture is crispy and the flesh is white, the mucus is thick, and filaments can be pulled out when broken open, the taste is sweet and numb, warm and refreshing, and it is used as both medicine and food.

Ziyao: The tuber is cylindrical, 40 to 80 cm long, 1.5 to 4 cm in diameter, and 15 to 20 cm in mouth. The outer skin is dark brown, with purple spots on the light skin, and the fibrous roots are sparse; the tuber is fleshy. It is thick, firm in texture, white in cross-section, and can be pulled out into thin strands when broken open. It is powdery, sweet and delicious, and can be used as medicine and food.

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