In the last year of his life, was Du Fu there? Leiyang "spits beef and white wine", and the food pours into the stomach, which is not digested, so full! At the age of 59. Two or three hundred years ago, Du Fu may have died of worrying about the country and the people, or he may have died of old age and illness, but he would never die of too much wine and meat, because the way of death is the characteristic of the Hu people. Looking at the food culture in the Tang Dynasty, we can easily find that there is a profound "Hu Hua" phenomenon. Hu refers to the ancient name of nomadic people in northwest China. "Old Tang Book" records: In the second year of Zhenguan, many people from distant countries came to North Korea, and …… played in the household; China has1200,000 men and women returning from the Great Wall and surrendering from Siyi. "With a pinch of fingers, there are three million conference semifinals to join the Tang Dynasty, which is really the return center of the Duke of Zhou's vomiting!" "Hu Hua" did not have a derogatory meaning in the Tang Dynasty, but learned from others and created an inclusive prosperity. After missing Du Fu, let's say something happy today. Many of the foods we eat now were imported from the Tang Dynasty, more than you can imagine. Spinach, honey and Phyllanthus emblica ... Today, we introduce three most common foods and the cultural stories behind them. /kloc-Bai Juyi, a favorite of both emperors and literati, came to Chang 'an and spent his youth and days of our lives here. A small shop in Chang 'an sells Hu cakes in the shape of * * *. After taking the first bite, Bai Juyi can't live without it anymore. More than 800 years ago, Hu Bing was introduced to the Han Empire from the Western Regions, and * * *, who lives on whole grains, was very interested in this new food. "Continued Han Shu" records: "Lingdi loves Hu cakes, and Jingshi eats Hu cakes. "Because Emperor Han Ling likes to eat Hu cakes, Hu cakes are very popular and are the staple food of the whole capital. The name Hu Bing may be unfamiliar to us, but if we change the name, we will understand "náng". " "Naan" originated from Persian and was introduced into Chinese through Persian. Naan means "bread" in Arabic. It is said that Persia, as the center of civilization in West Asia, has made great contributions to China cuisine. Bai Juyi likes to eat Hu cakes. After eating, he asked Hu Ji how to do it. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi was promoted to the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In a good mood, he personally cooked Hu cakes for his good friend Yang Jingzhi, and sent a poem: Hu cakes are like Kyoto, and their faces are crisp and oily. I gave it to the Hungry Ambassador and Hungry Yang, but it seems to be a blessing. Bai Juyi cooks in person and invites Master Yang to taste Hu cakes. Master Yang has a bright face. Bai Juyi boldly teased this old friend with "Hungry Ambassador Hungry Yang" in his poem, which shows that their close relationship is a bosom friend. This poem, which expresses feelings with cakes, does not use allusions, but simply depicts the crispness, oil and oil of Hu cakes, revealing their delicacy and conveying their sincere treatment. Hu Bing also appeared in the plots of novels in the Tang Dynasty. According to the legend of the Tang Dynasty, Li Lijing and Hongfu arrived in Taiyuan overnight to meet campus guests at Lingshi Hotel. What did they eat the night they first met? Campus guests complain: I'm starving! Li Jing immediately showed off the Hu cake he bought. Campus guests took out daggers, cut the gordian knot, and cut them into pieces for everyone to share. In fact, the ancients didn't walk the rivers and lakes as smartly as Guo Jing and Huang Rong did, and ate 19 taels of silver for a meal. Save your life if you have the Hu cake you carry with you, or you will starve the hero to death for a penny. Not only that, when the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Xing (fled) and found that there was nothing to eat in Jixian Palace in Xianyang, so he reluctantly ate "Hu Bing" to satisfy his hunger. After all, the dietary differences between Han and Tang dynasties are very different. Hu Bing is a novel and delicious food in the eyes of Emperor Han Ling, just like Hamburg, which has just entered the China market, and it is a luxury sought after by all. In the Tang Dynasty, it was used as a snack for leisure and entertainment. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Hu cake has been popular in all walks of life and corners of society, and has changed from a staple food to a rich and thrifty mass food. Peace Jun-Wine I think everyone will recite William Wang's Two Poems of Liangzhou: a glass of luminous wine, and advise you to drink the pipa immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times? Wine is a specialty of the western regions, the luminous cup is a specialty of the western regions, and even the pipa is produced in the western regions. This is a frontier fortress poem full of western customs. In the poem, the protagonist wants to taste the wine carefully, and the pipa is played at once, urging him to play. The beautiful scenery set off the cruelty of war. Grapes have been widely planted in Longyou Road in Tang Dynasty, and Liangzhou, as the residence of Hu people, is rich in grapes. Like Hu Bing, grapes were brought by Zhang Qian and became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Grape was once called "Pu Tao" in ancient China. After the demise of the Han Dynasty, the communication between Han and the Western Regions was cut off, and the spread of grapes in China was also interrupted. However, aesthetic food and love can't live up to it. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong extended the empire's sphere of influence to Turkey and Iran, and grapes were introduced on a large scale and became a household name. The delicious grapes touched the Romans, Greeks and gourmets, and this time they also touched the Tang people. Yuan Gui in the history book Banfu in the Song Dynasty recorded that "peaches are harvested from Gaochang horse milk and planted in the garden to get their wine method. The emperor made wine with profit and loss, and every eight colors were fragrant and cool, and they were given to ministers, and the capital only knew their taste. " In 640 AD, Emperor Taizong ordered soldiers to pacify Gaochang. After the Tang Dynasty invaded Gao Changguo, the collected mare's milk grapes (shaped like horse * * *) were transplanted to the Palace Garden, and the winemakers in the Tang Dynasty also learned the brewing technology. Emperor Taizong also gave the ministers the certified wine produced by the imperial court for tasting. In history, many royal families in the Tang Dynasty tasted wine, and Yang Guifei personally brewed it: "The public presided over the glass Qibao Cup and drank western cold wine. ""After drinking the wine, Emperor Tang Muzong commented: "After drinking this wine, I feel the integration of four bodies. What a gentleman." Tang Muzong means that after drinking wine, he suddenly feels that his limbs are integrated, and (wine) is really a gentleman's harmony but different! It is likely that Tang Muzong deified wine, which is similar to the Greek worship of Dionysus. Du Fu also wrote grapes, but he didn't seem to be happy. Du Fu's Fishes is ripe in Pu Tao, and there are many alfalfa in autumn mountains. Guan Yun often brings rain, but water cannot become a river. Qiang women are intellectual fit, and Hull makes camels. Self-injury, late eyes, confusion and enrichment. Du Fu also used a brand-new antithesis in his poems, "rattan" versus "alfalfa". These two products were imported from the Western Regions by Zhang Qian in Han Dynasty. The first pair of couplets describes the rich products of the Tang Dynasty, followed by a decadent atmosphere, deeply feeling that the world is about to start chaos, which really conforms to Du Fu's temperament of worrying about the country and the people. Whether it is grapes or alfalfa, Du Fu is in no mood to have a full meal. However, even after the regime change, grapes have always been the best fruit favored by China people. Peppers, potatoes and peppers, which are as expensive as gold, were introduced from the United States in the late Ming Dynasty, which is the key to China's population exceeding 200 million. Many people mistakenly thought that people in Xichuan didn't eat spicy food before it was introduced to China. In fact, this is a common misunderstanding. Take a look at "For a rainy day" by Sun Simiao, a medicine saint. It mentions Sichuan pepper hundreds of times and can be cooked with decoction. It is very likely that the Tang people have already eaten spicy food. "Zanthoxylum bungeanum", an excellent substitute of Sichuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum, appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Sichuan pepper have no difference in medicinal value, but with their better taste, they quickly become the mainstream of condiments. According to Youyang Miscellaneous Language, "pepper" was called "the branch of treading shoes" when it left the Mohist world, and its son was like China pepper, which was extremely spicy. It was picked in June, and today people use it to make Pan Hu meat. "Pepper comes from Mojeto, India, also known as Mojeto. Its shape is similar to that of China pepper, and it is extremely spicy. You can pick it in June. Nowadays, people use Pan Hu to hold, eat and drink meat. Tang people like to sprinkle pepper when eating meat, and modern people like cumin, which is the pursuit of * * * sex food. The taste buds of human beings are interlinked from ancient times to the present. According to the current archaeological findings, pepper originated in Myanmar and Assam, India, and was introduced to Persia from India. Because of the close trade between Persia and Datang, pepper was transported from Persia to Datang. Pepper, as a precious spice, once brought great wealth to businessmen, who fought for monopoly rights one after another, just like western colonists in the 18th and 19th centuries, except resorting to force. In 777 AD, Yuan Zai, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, offended Tang Daizong and was finally executed. Yuanzai is the historical prototype of the longest day in Chang 'an Yuanzai. Have it both ways, the longest-lived Yuan Zai in Chang 'an City, is cynical, cowardly and selfish, and a buffoon, leading the lunch box out early. In history, Yuan Zai was much more forbearing. At the peak of his career, he was the official to the prime minister. When the emperor sent someone to copy Yuan Zai's house, he found that in addition to silks and satins, cash and luxury goods, he even collected 100 tons of peppers (equivalent to 60 tons). It's unbelievable how many people are in the Prime Minister's residence and how they digest the mountain of peppers, but more than 100 tons of peppers are also a symbol of wealth. However, although the pepper is fragrant, the disease enters from the mouth. Ben Feng Jingyuan in the Qing Dynasty kindly reminded everyone: "Pepper is a kind of heat-pure yang, which helps fire, makes eyes faint and sore, hurts the lungs and makes people vomit blood. "Finally, the food culture of the Tang Dynasty exudes charming charm, which stems from the collision and exchange between Chinese and foreign cultures, from the self-confidence and tolerance of the Tang Dynasty, and from the curiosity of the emperor and the people ... everything has created the treasures of the Tang Dynasty and benefited the food of the Tang Dynasty and later generations.