Mulberry leaves are the leaves of Mulberry, a Moraceae plant. Cold in nature, slightly angry, light in taste and slightly bitter. Mulberry leaves have high nutritional value and medicinal value. Mulberry leaves contain 17 amino acids, as well as fat, vitamin c, B 1, B2, folic acid, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese and sodium.
In traditional Chinese medicine, mulberry leaves have always been the focus of attention. "Herbal Classic" records that frying mulberry leaves with thick juice after autumn frost can relieve beriberi edema, benefit the large intestine, and cook food instead of tea to quench thirst. It has the effects of relieving cough, removing heat, treating dizziness, relieving eye fatigue, reducing swelling, clearing blood, treating dysentery and abdominal pain, nourishing liver and caring skin. Now, in the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, mulberry leaves are used as drugs to improve diabetes and other intractable diseases.
These characteristics of mulberry leaves have become the focus of food science and technology departments and medical circles, and were officially listed as "homology of medicine and food" by the Ministry of Health in 1993. In recent years, the chemical composition, pharmacological action, processing and utilization of mulberry leaves have been deeply studied, and mulberry leaves have been widely used in the fields of medicine and food.
Second, the health function of mulberry leaf tea Mulberry leaf is the only plant leaf found so far that contains DNJ, with the content of 0. 1 1%. DNJ is deoxynojirimycin, which has obvious hypoglycemic effect. So you can make mulberry leaf tea. Mulberry leaf tea produced by modern tea-making technology has the following characteristics
It has the effects of lowering blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipid, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. Replacing tea with decoction can clear liver, improve eyesight, nourish skin, strengthen stomach, whiten skin color and keep fit. Many people think that drinking mulberry leaf tea can lose weight. The application of mulberry leaves in food includes: mulberry leaf tea, mulberry chrysanthemum tea, peanut frost mulberry leaf tea, mulberry chrysanthemum tea, mulberry chrysanthemum tea, mulberry loquat tea, mulberry leaf beverage, as vegetables, colorants, health wine and so on.
Mulberry leaf tea is a kind of natural health care product to keep healthy and enhance physical fitness, especially suitable for patients with diabetes and hypertension to drink for a long time. Both myocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage are the results of capillary blockage. Mulberry leaves contain flavonoids that strengthen capillaries and reduce blood viscosity. Therefore, mulberry leaf tea can prevent myocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage while losing weight and improving hyperlipidemia. Mulberry leaf tea can improve the "sub-health" physique such as abdominal distension, loss of appetite, weakness of legs and feet, lung-heat cold, throat discomfort, cough with excessive phlegm, bad stomach, constipation, insomnia, beriberi, edema, poor defecation and qi and blood. Making a bag of drinks in the morning, noon and evening has unexpected gains.
At present, Japanese sericulture research institute has developed mulberry tea with health care function, which is dark green in color and rich in high-quality protein, fatty acids, crude fiber, sugar and nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese. It is convenient to drink, and has the functions of promoting metabolism, blood circulation and relieving fatigue. In addition to mulberry leaf tea, Japan has also introduced a series of foods such as mulberry leaf noodles, mulberry leaf biscuits and mulberry leaf wheat noodles, which are well received by the market. Mulberry leaf extract can also be used as a safety pigment for cakes, which is really useful, really beneficial and impressive.
Third, the extension of the industrial chain
Mulberry leaves are the main products of mulberry, which can be picked 3-6 times a year. They have strong vitality, fast growth, strong adaptability, wide planting area, low requirements for soil quality, cold resistance, drought resistance, pollution resistance, insect resistance and shear resistance, and high leaf yield. Therefore, the resources of mulberry leaves in our region have great advantages. Planting mulberry and sericulture is a traditional agriculture in China. However, in recent years, the silk market is in a downturn, and the benefits of mulberry gardens are low, which has seriously affected the enthusiasm of farmers to grow mulberry. Exploiting the potential function of mulberry leaves, comprehensively utilizing mulberry leaves, prolonging sericulture industrial chain, increasing added value of products and improving sericulture industrial benefits are important ways to build a new socialist countryside, increase sericulture farmers' income and increase agricultural benefits. Judging from the current situation, there is a widespread phenomenon of serious waste of resources, which is characterized by "two lows and one short", that is, low land utilization rate, low labor efficiency and short extension chain of by-product development, which requires us to develop sericulture production, pay attention to land saving, labor saving and resource recycling, and gradually improve resource utilization rate. Sericulture products are very rich. Silkworm cocoons are not only used to make silk, but also a large number of by-products such as mulberry branches, silkworm excrement, silkworm chrysalis and mulberries need to be developed and utilized.
In order to further improve the comprehensive benefits of sericulture production and extend the sericulture industry chain, it is necessary to develop sericulture by-product resources. Mulberry trees are full of treasures. Mulberry leaves, branches and fruits are valuable resources. Making full use of them will be a promising project, which can not only increase farmers' income, but also develop related industries and solve the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution.
Fourth, the processing technology
Process flow: picking leaves → selecting → cleaning → cutting leaves → deactivating enzymes → kneading → deblocking → drying → extracting fragrance → packaging.
Benefit analysis of verb (abbreviation of verb)
1 mu mature mulberry field can produce mulberry leaves 1000 kg per year. According to 5 kg dry mulberry leaf tea 1 kg, 1 mu mulberry field can produce 200 kg mulberry leaf tea; According to the price of 20 yuan/Jin, 1 mu mulberry field can generate economic benefits of 4000 yuan. In addition to the leaves for sericulture, the remaining mulberry leaves can also generate an economic benefit of 2000 yuan per mu of mulberry garden, and the production prospect is very considerable.