Most of the vitamins cannot be synthesized in the body, or the amount synthesized is insufficient to meet the body's needs. Therefore, they must be taken from food.
The content of vitamins in food is relatively small, and the body's needs are not much, but it is a substance that can never be reduced. Dietary vitamin deficiency, will cause metabolic disorders in the human body, so that vitamin deficiency occurs. Such as lack of vitamin A will appear night blindness, dry eye and dry skin; lack of vitamin D can suffer from rickets; lack of vitamin B1 can get foot disease; lack of vitamin B2 can suffer from lipitis, keratitis, lingual inflammation and scrotal inflammation; lack of PP can suffer from mange; lack of vitamin B12 can suffer from pernicious anemia; lack of vitamin C can suffer from scurvy.
Vitamins are a huge family, on the current knowledge of vitamins there are dozens of kinds of vitamins, can be broadly divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble two categories. The former includes vitamins A, D, E, K, and the latter includes the B vitamins and vitamin C, as well as many "vitamin-like".
The main vitamins found in medicine now are:
1. Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamin A. Maintains normal vision and prevents night blindness; maintains the health of epithelial cell tissues; promotes growth and development; increases resistance to infectious diseases; and prevents and treats dry eye disease.
Vitamin D. Regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body, promotes absorption and utilization, and promotes bone growth.
Vitamin E. Maintains normal fertility and normal muscle metabolism; maintains the integrity of the central nervous and vascular systems.
Vitamin K. Stops bleeding. It is not only the main component of plasminogen, but also induces the liver to make plasminogen. Pediatric Vitamin K Deficiency
2. Water-soluble Vitamins
Vitamin B1. Maintains normal circulatory, digestive, neurological, and intramuscular functions; regulates gastrointestinal functions; constitutes a coenzyme of decarboxylase and participates in the metabolism of sugar; prevents beriberi.
Vitamin B2. also called riboflavin. Riboflavin is the body of many important coenzymes class of components, these enzymes can be in the body of material metabolism in the process of transmission of hydrogen, it is also protein, sugar, fatty acid metabolism and energy utilization and composition of the necessary substances. It can promote growth and development, and protect the health of eyes and skin.
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). Anti-stress, anti-cold, anti-infection, prevents toxicity of certain antibiotics, eliminates post-operative bloating.
Vitamin B6. plays an important role in protein metabolism. Treats neurasthenia, vertigo, atherosclerosis, etc.
Vitamin B12. anti-fatty liver, promote the storage of vitamin A in the liver; promote cell maturation and body metabolism; treatment of pernicious anemia.
Vitamin B13 (lactic acid clear).
Vitamin B15 (Pantethine). Mainly used to fight fatty liver and increase the rate of oxygen metabolism in the tissues. Sometimes used to treat coronary heart disease and chronic alcoholism.
Vitamin B17. highly toxic. Thought by some to have cancer controlling and preventing effects.
P-aminobenzoic acid. One of the most recently discovered vitamins in the B vitamin family. Can be synthesized in the body.
Inositol. One of the B vitamins and a lipophilic vitamin like choline.
Vitamin C. Connects bones, teeth, and connective tissue structures; has a bonding function between individual cells of the capillary wall; increases antibodies and strengthens resistance; promotes maturation of red blood cells.
Vitamin P.
Vitamin PP (niacin). Acts as a hydrogen transporter in the physiological oxidation of cells and is effective against mange.
Folic acid (vitamin M). Anti-anemia; maintains normal cell growth and immune system function.
Vitamin T. Aids in blood clotting and platelet formation.
Vitamin U. Important in the treatment of ulcers.
Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs for nutrition and growth. The organism that is deficient in vitamins can develop certain diseases. Therefore, some people think that vitamins are nutrients, intake is "more good". The more vitamins a person needs, the better? The answer is no. The key to proper nutrition is "moderation". Excessive intake of certain vitamins is not only unhelpful but also harmful to the body.
We know that vitamins can be roughly divided into water-soluble (vitamins B, C) and fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, K, etc.) two categories. Water-soluble class of vitamins excess can generally be excreted with the urine, fat-soluble class of vitamins A or D, the excess can not be excreted. This gives people an impression that water-soluble vitamins eat more harmless, some people advocate daily oral vitamin C 3-5 grams to achieve the purpose of health care. In fact, this is harmful, experiments have confirmed that long-term daily service vitamin C1 grams or more, can cause oxaluria, hyperuricemia, high exogenous hemorrhage. Some people can appear in the whole body rash, swelling, blood pressure drop, nausea. In fat-soluble vitamins, the poisoning caused by taking too much vitamin A and vitamin D is the most common. Vitamin A excess, will cause insomnia, asthma, dizziness, hair loss, nausea, diarrhea, etc.; vitamin D excess, can cause loss of appetite, tiredness, constipation, weight loss and low fever.
Normal people need daily vitamin C50-100 mg, vitamin A2500-3000 international units, vitamin D300-400 international units.
Nutritionally speaking, the so-called vitamins should be the human body can not be synthesized (or synthesized in quantities that do not meet the needs) but in the body's normal metabolic processes and regulate the physiological function of the indispensable class of substances. They are nutrients that must be supplied by food. Therefore, in case of deficiency, some typical clinical symptoms may appear. Up to now, we have not found any deficiency due to lack of amygdalin, so these two substances can not be called vitamins.
Vitamin B15 and vitamin B17 are some foreign nutritional scholars proposed beneficial to human health food ingredients, and named as vitamins, but so far have not been recognized by the world scholars.
Recent research has shown that vitamins also have some special functions, such as pantothenic acid mood regulation, folic acid and vitamin B12 to reduce the role of DNA depletion, folic acid and B6 beneficial cardiovascular and so on.
For vitamin supplementation, you should supplement from both diet and vitamin preparations. Fruits and vegetables are high in vitamin content, but because each vegetable and fruit vitamin content is different, may not be able to balance in all aspects of vitamin supplementation, vegetables and fruits in the processing, cooking vitamin loss, vitamin preparations will be able to play a balanced role. However, vitamin preparations are not easily absorbed, and non-natural green, so it is still mainly fruit and vegetable supplements.