Mary Stewart (1542 65438+February 8th-65438+February 8th 0587), Queen of Scots (1542- 1567), Queen of France (1559-65438+). 1542 65438+Born in Linlisgo Palace, Scotland on February 8th. Six days after his birth, he became the Queen of Scotland. His father james v of scotland of Scotland died of cholera at the age of 30, and Marie de Guise, the Queen of Scotland and the sister of the French Duke of Gith, became the Regent.
1543 Queen Mary was crowned Queen of Scots in stirling castle. The five-year-old queen was sent to the French court as the fiancee of the French crown prince according to the plan of the joint French attack on Britain made by the Scottish aristocratic conference. There, under the protection of Henry II and Queen Catherine de Medici, Mary received the best education she could receive. /kloc-At the age of 0/7, Queen Mary married French Crown Prince Francois of the same age. In the same year, Henry II died in a knight contest. Francois became king of France and Mary became queen of France.
According to records, Queen Mary and the king have deep feelings. Although the king grew up sickly, bloated, struggling and obviously impotent, there seems to be a feeling between Mary and Francois that transcends friends. However, Fran?ois II died suddenly in 1560, and Queen Mary ended her life in France and finally returned to Scotland.
Mary, who returned to Scotland, did not feel the sense of superiority brought about by her improved status. She was overwhelmed by all kinds of disputes, but there is no denying that she is talented, just as she is ambitious. 1565 In July, Mary I unexpectedly married his cousin Sir henry stuart Darnley. He was handsome and young, but the most attractive thing was that Henry could inherit the British throne after Elizabeth's death (provided that Elizabeth had no heir). However, after marriage, Mary found that her husband was a lecherous prodigal son. On the one hand, he kept asking Mary to give him the title of "king" and real power. On the other hand, he attacked the Queen's minions, especially the Italian minister David Riccio, and even reconciled with the Scottish nobles and killed Riccio in front of the Queen. This aroused the hatred of the queen. 1567 On February 9th, Lord Darnley, who was recuperating at Kirkfield Palace in Edinburgh, was strangulated in the garden, and the Kirkfield Palace exploded that night. It is believed that this was done by the Queen's lover, Count boswell, but the Queen organized a false trial attended by a group of nobles who supported her. As a result, the count himself was acquitted.
But what happened later changed the queen's fate. 1567 may 15, the queen and the Earl of boswell suspected of killing Lord Darnley were married at the Holy Cross Palace. Unpopular marriage was the beginning of Scottish nobles' public opposition to Mary I's rule. The Queen hoped to save the Earl of boswell by agreeing to the demands of the nobles, but the nobles failed to keep their promises and imprisoned the Queen in a castle on the shores of Lake Levin. Mary was forced to pass the throne to her and James, the son of Lord Darnley.
1568, Mary escaped from Levin Lake Castle. She organized several attempted military coups and was forced to flee to England to seek the protection of her cousin Elizabeth I, only to be placed under house arrest by Elizabeth at Carlisle Castle.
Mary has been in prison for 20 years. Because during this period, there were successive uprisings against Protestantism, which directly threatened the rule of Protestant Queen Elizabeth I. Although the queen herself wanted to save Mary's life, she was finally forced to order her execution.
1587 On February 8th, Queen Mary was executed at Foslihen Castle. Legend has it that the executioner didn't sharpen his axe in advance, so that his neck was not completely broken at first sight and his blood was like a note. When the executioner showed everyone Queen Mary's cold head, he was surprised to find that the Queen was still mumbling.
In the eyes of Scots, Queen Mary is more like a tragic heroine than a ruler. Thankfully, the original intention of Mary and Darnley (to let their descendants inherit the throne of England and Ireland) became a reality after her death. 1603, James VI of Scotland succeeded the virgin queen Elizabeth to the throne and became a veritable king of England.