The sea urchin (Sea urchin) is an order under the phylum Echinodermata, a group of invertebrates that live in the shallow waters of the ocean. The main characteristics of the body is spherical, disk-shaped or heart-shaped, no wrist. The endoskeletons are fused to each other to form a solid shell, and most species have a complex chewing apparatus in the mouth, called Aristotle's lantern (Aristotle's lantern), which is toothed and can chew food. Digestive tube long tubular, coiled in the body, to algae, hydroids, worms for food. More dioecious, individual development through the sea urchin larvae (long carpals), after metamorphosis into young sea urchins, after 1-2 years to reach sexual maturity. It can be divided into two subclasses: the regular sea urchin subclass and the irregular sea urchin subclass, and 22 orders. There are more than 900 species and 225 genera. About 100 species are known in China, and about 7,000 species are fossilized.

Distributed from the intertidal zone to thousands of meters deep seabed, mostly concentrated in the coastal zone of the rocky seabed or sandy seabed, or have a wide distribution, or confined to specific areas of the sea, depending on the species. The sea urchin was the first model organism used in the history of biological science, and its eggs and embryos were pivotal to the development of early developmental biology. It is one of the longest-lived marine organisms on earth.

Sea urchins feed on their gonads, which are also known as sea urchin eggs, sea urchin seeds, sea urchin yellow, sea urchin paste, orange color, taste and smell, accounting for 8-15% of the total weight of sea urchins. Eicosapentaenoic acid contained in its gonads accounts for more than 30% of the total fatty acids, which can prevent cardiovascular disease. Sea urchin is not only a superior seafood delicacy, but also a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. The main nutrients of sea urchin eggs are lecithin, protein, riboflavin, thiamin, fatty acids and so on. Fatty acids contained in sea urchin eggs have a good effect on the prevention of certain cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that sea urchin eggs are salty in taste and flat in nature, with the effect of softening and dispersing knots, resolving phlegm and swelling. Sea urchin is very easy to deteriorate after death. At the same time, sea urchin shells can also be made into handicrafts, some manufacturers also develop sea urchin food, sea urchin made of chilled sea urchin, alcohol sea urchin and sea urchin sauce. In addition, sea urchin extract Bonellinin (Bonellinin) has inhibited the growth of cancer cells.

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