Phaseolus vulgaris, also known as kidney beans and kidney beans, is very adaptable and is grown in both north and south of my country. Moreover, kidney beans can be planted multiple times in one year. Phosphorus beans have high nutritional value and are rich in nutrients. Protein, fat, sugar, as well as a variety of minerals and vitamins, it is a very popular vegetable. Kidney beans can be fried, pickled into pickles, dried vegetables and canned. Note: Kidney beans contain saponin. These two toxins must be destroyed by high temperatures. If they are not heated thoroughly, they will cause poisoning. Therefore, they must be heated at high temperatures during production and cooked before consumption. When is the best time to sow beans?

Phaseolus vulgaris is a vegetable that likes warmth. It cannot grow well in high temperature and cold environments. Some people think that the earlier the seeds are sown, the better. Phosphorus beans will have more fruit and will be available early. In fact, they think so. It is wrong. If you sow too early, it will be difficult for the seedlings to emerge. If the seedlings emerge unevenly or weakly, they will freeze to death when exposed to the danger of cold air. This is equivalent to a wasted work and you will have to re-sow the seeds. This is not only wasteful. Seeds and wasted labor. , so it is necessary to grasp the timing of planting beans during the Spring Festival and do not blindly sow them early.

The suitable temperature for kidney bean germination is 20 to 25 degrees. If the temperature exceeds 40 degrees or is lower than 10 degrees, kidney bean seeds will not germinate normally. The suitable temperature for the growth of seedlings is 18 to 20 degrees. If the temperature is below 10 degrees, the seedlings will grow slowly or even freeze to death. When the soil temperature is lower than 13 degrees, it is not conducive to root growth and cannot produce nodules. However, rhizobia can grow well when the low temperature reaches 23 to 28 degrees. The suitable temperature for flowering and pod formation is 18 to 25 degrees. If the temperature is lower than 15 degrees or higher than 30 degrees, flowers and pods will fall.

Beans need an accumulated temperature of more than 700 to 800 degrees from sowing to flowering. If the accumulated temperature is not reached, even if the plants can bloom, it will be difficult to form pods. Therefore, they should not be planted too early in spring cultivation. When the temperature reaches Beans can be planted within the range of 10 to 25 degrees, but the most suitable temperature is around 20 degrees. Therefore, spring sowing is the main method for growing beans in the open field.

Spring live broadcasting is done a few days before the last frost, that is, the period from Qingming to Grain Rain. However, the temperature varies from place to place, so the sowing time is also different. Generally speaking, the temperature of 10 cm of soil layer The temperature should be stable at 10 degrees, and there should be 5 to 7 days of continuous sunshine before sowing. Sowing in Northeast China is usually from late April to mid-May; in North China and Northwest China from mid-April to early May; in South China, sowing can be done in mid-to-late February. Learn the following tips: kidney beans bloom and produce so many pods that you can’t finish them all after one crop

First, choose good varieties and apply enough base fertilizer

Phase beans can be planted all year round. When planting beans, you should choose varieties according to climate characteristics. When planting beans in spring, generally choose varieties with strong growth, long pod-bearing period, high quality and high yield. Choose high-quality seeds with large, well-proportioned, shiny seeds and no insect holes. Before sowing, it is best to dry them in the sun for 1 to 2 days, and then soak them in warm water for 4 to 6 hours. When the seeds swell, remove them and sow them. This will not only sterilize and disinfect the seeds, but also help them germinate faster.

Before sowing the beans, tidy up the vegetable land. Apply 4,000 to 6,000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure, 10 to 15 kilograms of superphosphate, and 10 to 15 kilograms of potassium fertilizer per acre. The soil should be finely divided. Tidy up the soil and make a flat or high border for planting. The border is 10 cm high, 1.2 meters wide, and the trench is 40 cm deep.

Note: Avoid repeated planting of kidney beans. Plant beans in plots that have not been planted with legumes and vegetables for 2 to 3 years. This can prevent diseases and insect pests, and the farmyard manure used must be thoroughly decomposed. 2. Plant closely and reasonably to cultivate strong seedlings

Sowing beans can be sown in ditches or holes with a depth of 3 to 5 centimeters. Pour some water in the holes or ditches. Do not water too much to prevent rot. kind.

There are vine beans and dwarf beans, and the planting density is also different. The row spacing of vine beans is 65 to 85 cm, the plant spacing is 20 to 26 cm, and 4 to 6 seeds are sown in each hole; the row spacing of dwarf beans is 30 cm. ~40cm, hole spacing 15~25cm, 3~6 seeds per hole. After sowing, cover with 3 to 5 cm of fine soil. You can also use the seedling transplanting method to grow kidney beans, which can better ensure that the seedlings are strong and healthy.

After the beans are sown, the seedlings will usually emerge in 7 to 10 days. When the seedlings emerge, they need to be hoeed. If there is a mulch film, the mulch film must be broken in time to allow the seedlings to emerge smoothly.

There should not be too many seedlings in each hole. Generally, 3 strong seedlings that are growing well are enough. Pull out the weak seedlings. If there are any missing seedlings, make up for them in time. Water after filling the seedlings, and pay attention to watering. 3. Cultivating and weeding, scientific fertilization and watering

Grow beans in the open field in spring. After the seedlings emerge, the climate is warm and the rain is sufficient. Such weather conditions are not only conducive to the growth of beans, but also to the growth of weeds, so it should be based on Carry out cultivating and weeding when necessary to prevent weeds from competing with beans for nutrients. At the same time, it also improves soil permeability, prevents compaction, and plays a role in retaining water and fertilizer.

As the saying goes: "A crop depends entirely on fertilizer." To make beans grow vigorously, water and fertilizer management is very important. Fertilization cannot be blind. Fertilization and watering must be done scientifically according to the growth and different stages of the plant. .

The flower buds of kidney beans can be differentiated in the seedling stage. The flower buds of dwarf kidney beans can be differentiated 20 to 25 days after sowing. The flower buds of vine beans can be differentiated about 25 days after sowing. At this time, the plant grows quickly and requires a lot of consumption. For nutrition, fertilization should be carried out in time, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, but not too much nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate supplement of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can increase the number of flower buds, and at the same time, it can also improve the plant's disease resistance and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.

For live planting of kidney beans, fertilizer is usually applied for the first time when the compound leaves appear. If it is transplanting seedlings, apply seedling fertilizer 4 to 5 days after planting. It is recommended to apply 1,500 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre. It is best to add 25 kg of superphosphoric acid. When beans begin to bloom and form pods, they will need more nutrients. At this time, more fertilizer is needed. It is recommended that 2,500 to 5,000 kilograms of decomposed human waste per acre be applied once a week. At the same time, 2% superphosphate or 0.5% urea solution can be sprayed on the plant leaves to prevent flowers and pods from falling. If farmyard manure is not available, chemical fertilizers can be used instead.

Phaseolus vulgaris has strict requirements on moisture and has certain drought resistance. Control water during the seedling stage to promote root growth. Water a small amount when planting or replenishing seedlings. Water to slow down the seedlings after 3 to 4 days. Generally do not water during the flowering period if there is no drought. If there is a drought, do not flood with water. It should be done before flowering. Pour a small amount of water once. Water the fruit pods when they grow to 2 to 3 centimeters long, and then water them every other week to keep the soil moist. Generally speaking, water less during the seedling stage, and there should be no drought during the pod-setting stage, but there should also be no stagnant water. Note: The weather is hot in summer, so watering should be done in the morning and evening. Fourth, build a shelf in time to promote climbing

Dwarf kidney beans do not need to build a shelf. If they are vine beans, they need to build a shelf. Generally, the shelf can be built when the bean vines grow to 20 cm. Use bamboo poles to build them. Make a human-shaped frame and tie the vine to the bamboo pole to guide it to climb up. The shelf must be fixed to prevent it from falling due to wind or rain. Building a shelf for kidney beans can expand the growing space and improve ventilation and light transmittance. The plants will grow more vigorously and produce more flowers and fruits. 5. Do a good job in preventing and controlling pests and diseases to increase yield and quality

When planting beans in spring, during the entire growth period of the plant, due to the warm or hot climate and abundant rain, various pests and diseases are prone to occur, affecting yield and quality. Therefore, when planting beans, you must prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in advance. The following are the main things to do: 1. Do not sow again. Before sowing, you must clean up the crop residues and weeds in the ground, and deeply plow the soil before winter. Low temperatures in winter kill pests and pathogens in the soil. 2. Use fermented farmyard manure. 3. Disinfect the seeds. 4. Fertilize and water properly to improve plant disease resistance. If bean diseases and insect pests have occurred, the cause of the disease must be determined in time, and then symptomatic medication can be applied to minimize losses. 6. Timely picking

Beans mainly feed on tender pods. If picked too early, the economic benefits will be affected. If picked too late, the edible value will be reduced, and it will also affect the next crop of fruit pods, usually 10 years after flowering. It can be harvested in ~15 days. If the temperature is high, it will be harvested in about 10 days. For spring vine beans, the tender pods can be harvested 60 to 70 days after sowing.

Summary: Don’t plant beans too early in the open field in spring. Most areas are most suitable for sowing between Qingming Festival and Grain Rain. If you want to make beans with high yield and high quality, you must start from the seeds. Good seeds are the basis for high yields, and reasonable fertilization is the guarantee. The key is to manage the fields well and pick them in time. The day after tomorrow is Qingming Festival, and now is It’s a good time to plant melons and beans, are you ready?