Niuheliang Site (the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) is briefly introduced as follows:

Niuheliang Site is located in lingyuan city and Jianping County under the jurisdiction of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province. Geographical coordinates: east longitude119 30', north latitude 4120'. It belongs to the site of Hongshan Culture in the late Neolithic period, dating from 5500 to 5000 years ago. Niuheliang site is the representative of the first stage of China ancient civilization exploration project.

Niuheliang site was discovered in 198 1, and the excavation began in 1983. The discovery of altars, temples, tombs and precious jade articles in Niuheliang Hongshan Culture, with solid and rich archaeological data, proves that as early as 5,000 years ago in the late Hongshan Culture, the social form had developed to the ancient stage of primitive civilization, which provided strong material evidence for the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization and had a great impact on the study of the history of ancient social development, traditional cultural history, ideological history, religious history, architectural history and art history in China.

Unearthed cultural relics from Niuheliang site

A large number of exquisite cultural relics have been unearthed from Niuheliang site, including jade, pottery, stone tools and bone utensils. 183 jade articles were unearthed at Niuheliang site. The jades unearthed in these tombs are simple and exquisite in shape and ornamentation, and vary in quantity, which shows that the function of jades is not only a simple ornament, but also a symbol of rank, status and power, which has had a far-reaching impact on the concept and system of taking jade as a gift and forming a traditional culture that takes jade as its belief and beauty.

The pottery unearthed from Niuheliang site belongs to Hongshan Culture pottery system, mainly composed of sand-mixed gray pottery and argillaceous red pottery, which has the characteristics of Hongshan Culture regional pottery. Painted pottery is mainly black, but also red and purple. The patterns are represented by Long Lin, crochet and geometric chessboard patterns, triangular patterns and diamond chessboard patterns.

Stone tools unearthed from Niuheliang site can be divided into three categories: hammered stone tools, ground stone tools and microliths. Most stone tools are unearthed in ash pits and pits, and there are also many exquisite stone tools. Among them, stone shovels, hoes, pits, grindstones, grinding rods and other stone tools were all related to agricultural farming at that time. The pottery figurines with knee-high clothes and short boots unearthed at the No.5 site of Niuheliang Site proved that Hongshan ancestors in this period had the ability to make clothes. The discovery of bone needles and bone cones proved that the clothing at that time was very developed.

Refer to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Niuheliang Site