The formation of traditional festivals is a process of long-term accumulation and cohesion of a nation or country's history and culture. There are various traditional festivals in China, which are an important part of China's long history and culture. Chinese traditional festivals developed from ancient ancestors clearly record the rich and colorful social life and cultural content of the Chinese nation. Since 2008, three traditional festivals have been added to the national statutory holidays: Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. 1, Spring Festival time: the first day of the first lunar month in the narrow sense, and the first day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month in the broad sense: Yuanri, New Year's Day, Yuanzheng, Yuanchen, Yuanshuo, Niandan, Shousui, Nianchao, Xinzheng, Shouzuo and Sanyuan ("Zheng" means "Zheng" in the first month). Commonly known as "New Year". The Spring Festival refers to the traditional Chinese New Year in the cultural circle of Chinese characters. The traditional names are New Year, New Year, and New Year, but they are also verbally called New Year, Celebrating New Year, and New Year. In ancient times, the Spring Festival used to refer to beginning of spring in the solar terms, which was also regarded as the beginning of a year. Later, it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month as the New Year, and it was generally believed that it would not end until at least the fifteenth day of the first lunar month (Shangyuan Festival). The concept of Spring Festival and New Year originally came from agriculture. In ancient times, people called the growth cycle of the valley "year". Hebe: "Year is ripe.". It is hard to know when the Spring Festival (New Year in the summer calendar) originated, but it is generally believed that it originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors at the end of the year in China's Yin and Shang Dynasties (La Worship). The name "nian" began in the Zhou Dynasty. As for the determination of the time of the beginning of the year (in other words, the arrangement of the month order), it is also related to the astronomical calendar (as mentioned above). It is said that Xia was in the Yin month (the first month of the current lunar calendar), Shang was in the ugly month (the December of the current lunar calendar), Zhou was in the Zi month (the November of the current lunar calendar, that is, the month of the winter solstice), Qin was in the Hai month (the October of the current lunar calendar), and Xia Zheng was restored in the Western Han Dynasty. In fact, the ancient "Spring Festival" refers to the "beginning of spring" in the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar. Related Legend: In ancient China, there was a monster called Nian, with long tentacles and fierce and unusual head. Nian lived at the bottom of the sea for many years, and climbed ashore every New Year's Eve, devouring livestock and hurting people. Therefore, every New Year's Eve, people in villages and villages fled to the deep mountains to avoid the harm of "Nian" animals. On New Year's Eve this year, people in Taohua Village were taking refuge in the mountains, when an old beggar came from outside the village. He was walking on crutches, with a bag on his arm and elegant silver whiskers, and his eyes were on Matthew. Some villagers sealed windows and locked doors, some packed their bags, some herded cattle and drove sheep, and people shouted hiss everywhere, which was a scene of panic. At this time, who has the heart to take care of the begging old man? Only an old woman in the east of the village gave the old man some food and advised him to go up the mountain quickly to avoid the "Nian" beast. The old man smiled and said, "If my mother-in-law lets me stay at home for one night, I will definitely drive the" Nian "beast away. When the old woman looked at him carefully, she saw that he was young, healthy and vigorous, and had an extraordinary outlook. But she continued to persuade and begged the old man to laugh without saying a word. Mother-in-law had no choice but to leave home and take refuge in the mountains. At midnight, Nian beast broke into the village. "It was found that the atmosphere in the village was different from that in previous years: the old woman's house in the east of the village had red paper on the door and the house was brightly lit by candlelight. In 2000, "the beast shook all over and gave a strange cry." Years "glared at her mother-in-law's house for a moment, and then screamed and rushed over. As we approached the door, there was a sudden explosion in the courtyard. Nian trembled and dared not go forward again. It turns out that Nian is most afraid of red, fire and exploding. "At this moment, my mother-in-law's door was wide open, and an old man in a red robe was laughing in the courtyard. In "panic, panic and fled. The next day was the first day of the first month, and the people who came back from refuge were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this time, the old woman suddenly realized, and quickly told the villagers about the promise of begging for the old man. The villagers flocked to the old woman's house together, only to see red paper on her mother-in-law's door, a pile of unburned bamboo still exploding in the yard, and a few red candles in the house were still glowing ... The ecstatic villagers changed their clothes and hats one after another to celebrate the auspicious arrival, and visited relatives and friends. The story soon spread in the surrounding villages, and people knew the way to drive away the "Nian" beast. Since then, every year on New Year's Eve, every family has posted red couplets and set off firecrackers. Every household is brightly lit by candlelight, and it is better to wait for the new year. In the early morning of the first day, I have to say hello to my relatives and friends. This custom spread more and more widely and became the most solemn traditional festival among the people in China. Applicable area: The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han nationality, but more than a dozen ethnic minorities such as Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong and Li have also had the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival has its own national characteristics and is more meaningful. Custom: Set off firecrackers to stick the Spring Festival couplets to eat sausages in jiaozi in the New Year, and watch the Spring Festival Gala with bacon (only in recent years). 2. On February 2nd, the dragon heads up and the dragon heads up (February 2nd, the "Society Day" in the south and the "Dragon Head Up Festival" in the north), which is also called "Spring Farming Festival", "Agricultural Festival" and "Spring Dragon Festival", is a traditional folk festival of Han nationality. Dragon raising its head is on the second day of the second lunar month every year, commonly known as the Qinglong Festival. Legend has it that it is the day when dragons raise their heads. It is a traditional festival in urban and rural areas of China. People celebrate the "Dragon Head Festival" to show respect for dragons and pray for rain, so that God can help ensure a bumper harvest. Festive custom: Sacrificing Hua Xushi for the "Dragon Head Festival" is full of the idea of worshipping dragons, thinking that dragons can control water and rain, and decide whether crops are abundant or not, and they must not be offended. In the old days, on this morning, people would worship the roller. It is said that the roller is the embodiment of Qinglong. Some also put the scorpion up, indicating that "the dragon looks up." As the saying goes: "If you don't shave your head in the first month, you will die." Therefore, adults and children often shave their heads and have their hair cut on this day, which means shaving the "faucet" to show dignity and good luck. Women should avoid sewing for fear of "blinding longan"; Don't grind flour, rice, and cart, for fear of "breaking the waist and tail of the dragon". In fact, "if you don't shave your head in the first month, you will shave your head and die." It is a rumor that the "dead uncle" in it is actually a change of voice of "homesickness", and the cause of this statement is also related to Shenyang. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, many Han people didn't cut their hair in the first month to show their nostalgia for the Ming Dynasty, but they were afraid to openly confront the Qing government, so there was a saying that "my uncle died in the first month" and it has been handed down. Northern customs-dragon-attracting, insect-killing, insect-fumigating, head-shaving (hair-shaving), food customs, marrying a woman to live in spring, taboos (no sewing, no carrying water, no washing clothes, no grinding noodles)-Southern customs-Sacrifice to the society (the main activities are to worship the land and gather social drinks to worship and entertain the gods. Why eat "bulging"? Some people say that if you eat a "door stick" and hold the door, evil spirits will not enter, and one year will be peaceful. Some people say that after the Spring Festival, everyone is bored and confused, and after eating a "bulging" meal, they begin to work and live. Some people also eat dumplings on February 2, saying that it is to paste the scales and nails of the dragon, so that the dragon can be refreshed and sent to heaven for rain. There are a few ballads that satirize the lazy woman: "After the 23rd day of the first month, the lazy woman was so worried that she had nowhere to drill. I want to go to heaven again and have no shoes to wear; I want to drill the ground again, but I don't have a tip; I want to be hanged again, and I can't leave the oil on February 2 nd. " There is also a custom of frying beans on this day in the local area. The folk song says, "On February 2, the dragon looked up, and peas burst in every pot, waking the dragon king to rise early, and the clouds and rains ensured a bumper harvest." Someone is still burning incense and kowtowing in the nearby Yaowang Temple, praying for safety. Local customs: On February 2nd in Liaocheng, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, men have to have their hair cut, and the dragon looks up for a haircut on this day, hoping for good luck in the year. Eating chess pieces and fried beans in Tengzhou Qingdao symbolizes "golden beans blossom". Stir-fried corn: The legendary tradition of stir-frying corn on February 2 every year is to commemorate Yilong's efforts to relieve the suffering of human drought, even at the expense of offending dogma. Legend has it that Yulong was imprisoned by the Jade Emperor because he couldn't bear the people's suffering from drought and helped them to rain, and made a rule that only golden beans would be released when they bloomed. The people gathered together to fry corn because they were grateful for Yulong's righteous act. Because it looked like golden beans blooming, Taibai Venus, who was in charge, was mistaken and released Yulong. The tradition of frying corn on the second day of February every year has also been preserved. Festival legend: There is such a fairy tale circulating among the people in northern China. It was said that Wu Zetian became emperor, which annoyed the jade emperor and told the four dragon kings that it was forbidden to rain on the earth for three years. Soon, the Dragon King, who was in charge of Tianhe, heard the cries of folk people, saw the tragic scene of starving people, and worried that life on earth would be cut off, so he disobeyed the jade emperor's will and rained for the world. When the Jade Emperor learned that the Dragon King had been laid down to the mortal world, he was crushed under a big mountain to suffer, and a monument was erected on the mountain: "The Dragon King's rain violated the rules of heaven and should be punished by the eternal life; If you want to re-enter the Lingxiao Pavilion, unless the golden beans bloom. " In order to save the Dragon King, people look for blooming golden beans everywhere. By the second day of the second lunar month, when people are drying corn seeds, they think that this corn is like golden beans. Isn't it that golden beans bloom when they are fried? So every household exploded popcorn and set up a case in the yard to burn incense for the blooming "golden beans". (The legend is wrong. Wu Zetian was a figure in the Tang Dynasty, and corn was introduced to China only in the Ming Dynasty. Where did corn seeds come from then? ) The Dragon King looked up and knew that the people had saved it, so he shouted to the Jade Emperor: "The golden beans are blooming, let me out quickly!" As soon as the Jade Emperor saw that the golden bean flower in the courtyard of every household in the world was open, he had to send a message to the Dragon King to return to heaven and continue to give the world clouds and rain. Since then, people have formed a habit, and on the second day of February, popcorn is eaten. 3. Lantern Festival

It is an important traditional festival in China. The 15th day of the first month is the night of the first full moon in a year, and it is also the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. On the night in spring returns, people celebrate it and celebrate the continuation of the Spring Festival, so it is also called "Shangyuan Festival", that is, the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar. In ancient books, this day is called Shangyuan, and its night is called Yuanye, Yuanxi or Yuanxiao. The name Yuanxiao has been used to this day. Custom: Because Lantern Festival has the custom of displaying and watching lanterns, it is also known as "Lantern Festival" among the people. In addition, there are customs such as eating Yuanxiao, walking on stilts, solve riddles on the lanterns, dragon dancing, lantern viewing and lion dancing. Evolution: The ancient calendar in China is closely related to the phases of the moon. On the fifteenth day of the first month, people ushered in the first full moon night of the year, which is naturally regarded as an auspicious day. As early as the Han Dynasty, the fifteenth day of the first month has been used as a day for offering sacrifices to God and praying for blessings. Later, the ancients called the fifteenth day of the first month Shang Yuan, the fifteenth day of July Zhong Yuan and the fifteenth day of October Xia Yuan. At the latest, in the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sanyuan was the day to hold a grand ceremony. Of the three elements, Shangyuan is the most valued. Later, the celebrations of Zhongyuan and Xiayuan were gradually abolished, while Shangyuan was enduring. Eating Yuanxiao: Eating Yuanxiao on the 15th day of the first month, as a food, has a long history in China. In the Song Dynasty, a novel food for the Lantern Festival was popular among the people. This kind of food was first called "Floating Yuanzi" and later called "Yuanxiao", and businessmen also called it "Yuanbao". Yuanxiao, or "Tangyuan", is filled with white sugar, rose, sesame, red bean paste, yellow cinnamon, walnut kernel, nuts, jujube paste, etc., and wrapped in glutinous rice flour into a round shape, which can be vegetarian and has different flavors. It can be boiled in soup, fried and steamed, which means a happy reunion. Shaanxi dumplings are not wrapped, but "rolled" in glutinous rice flour, or boiled or fried, hot and round. 4. Cold food festival Cold food, that is, Cold Food Festival, also known as "No Smoking Festival", "Cold Festival" and "Hundred Days Festival". One hundred and five days after the summer solstice and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Source: Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin who had been in exile for many years in the Spring and Autumn Period, returned to China and acceded to the throne [that is, Jin Wengong], honoring the courtiers who fled with him, except for the meson push. Jiezitui then lived in seclusion with his mother in Mianshan [now southeast of Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province]. When Jin Wengong learned of this, he wanted to raise the reward. He found Mianshan, but he couldn't find him, so he wanted to burn the mountain to force him out. However, Jiezitui refused to be an official and could not persist. As a result, both mother and son were burned to death. In order to commemorate Jietui, Jin Wengong changed Mianshan to "Jieshan", set up a shrine to worship Jietui, and designated the day of burning the mountain as the Cold Food Festival. Fireworks were banned nationwide, and only cold food was eaten. Later, the custom of eating cold food and sweeping graves on this day was formed. Activity: On this day, no smoking is allowed and only cold food is eaten, so it is called "Cold Food Festival". In the development of later generations, customs such as sweeping sacrifices, hiking, swinging, cuju, holding hooks and fighting eggs have gradually increased. The Cold Food Festival has lasted for more than 2,000 years, and it was once called the largest folk festival. Many literati have written poems about the Cold Food Festival. 5. Tomb-Sweeping Day, Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the Walking Festival, is at the turn of mid-spring and late spring, that is, the first 108 day after the winter solstice. It is a traditional festival in China, and it is also one of the most important festivals for offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves. The traditional Tomb-Sweeping Day of Han nationality in China began in the Zhou Dynasty, with a history of more than 2,500 years. Influenced by the Han culture, 24 ethnic minorities in China, such as Manchu, Hezhe, Zhuang, Oroqen, Dong, Tujia, Miao, Yao, Li, Shui, Jing and Qiang, have also had the customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Qingming is only the name of a solar term at first, and it has become a festival to commemorate ancestors, which is related to the Cold Food Festival. Jin Wengong designated the day after the Cold Food Festival as Tomb-Sweeping Day. In most parts of Shanxi, the Cold Food Festival was celebrated the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Yushe County and other places celebrated the Cold Food Festival two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day; Yuanqu County also pays attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before and light cold food the day before. Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the important "Eight Festivals of the Year" in China. Generally, it is around April 5th of Gregorian calendar, and the festival is very long. There are two sayings: 8 days before 10 and 8 days after 10, which belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day in recent 20 days. Tomb-Sweeping Day originally refers to the 15th day after the vernal equinox.1In 935, the government of the Republic of China designated April 5th as a national holiday in Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the national grave-sweeping festival. It is said that the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day began with the ceremony of "tomb sacrifice" by the ancient emperors and generals, and later the people followed suit, and it became a fixed custom of the Chinese nation to worship ancestors and sweep graves on this day. On May 20th, 2006, Tomb-Sweeping Day declared by the Ministry of Culture of China was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list with the approval of the State Council. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, besides paying attention to prohibiting fire and sweeping graves, there are also a series of customs and sports activities such as hiking, swinging, cuju, polo, swinging and inserting willows. According to legend, this is because cold food is forbidden in the Cold Food Festival. In order to prevent cold food and cold meals from hurting people, everyone comes to participate in some sports activities to exercise. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, people avoid needles and laundry, and women in most areas avoid walking. Before evening, a gray line should be sprinkled in front of the gate, which is said to prevent ghosts from entering the house. Therefore, this festival is a distinctive festival, with both sad and sour tears for sweeping the new grave of where will you go and laughter for an outing. Due to the combination of the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day, some places still keep the habit of eating cold food on the Qingming Festival. In Shandong, Jimo eats eggs and cold cakes, while Laiyang, Zhaoyuan and Long Island eat eggs and cold sorghum rice. It is said that if not, it will be hail. Taian eats cold pancakes and rolls raw bitter vegetables. It is said that his eyes are bright. Jinzhong area still retains the habit of banning fire the day before Qingming. In many places, sacrificial food is divided after the sacrificial ceremony is completed. When people in southern Shanxi celebrate Qingming Festival, they are used to steaming large steamed buns with white flour, with walnuts, dates and beans in the middle, coiled into a dragon shape outside, and an egg tied in the middle of the dragon's body, named "Zifu". It is necessary to steam a great total "blessing" to symbolize family reunion and happiness. When going to the grave, the general "Zifu" is dedicated to the ancestors, and the whole family will share it after the grave sweeping. According to the old custom in Shanghai, the steamed cakes used for sacrifice are penetrated with wicker, dried and stored. When they arrive in long summer, they will be fried and given to children. It is said that they will not get sick in summer after eating them. 6. Dragon Boat Festival The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, which is an ancient traditional festival in China. The real name of "Dragon Boat Festival" is "Duanwu", which means the beginning of Dragon Boat Festival. Because people think that "May" is an evil month and "the fifth day" is a day, they avoid "May" and change it to "Dragon Boat Festival". The Dragon Boat Festival was recorded as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty. It was not a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan, but some customs after the Dragon Boat Festival were influenced by Qu Yuan. Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, also known as Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, May Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Bathing Orchid Festival and so on. It is a traditional cultural festival popular in China and other countries in the cultural circle of Chinese characters. The Dragon Boat Festival originated in China and was originally a festival for getting rid of diseases and epidemic prevention. Before the Spring and Autumn Period in wuyue, there was a custom of holding tribal totem sacrifice in the form of dragon boat race on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Later, because the poet Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River and died, it became a traditional festival for Chinese to commemorate Qu Yuan. In some areas, Wu Zixu and Cao E are also commemorated. Celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival has been a traditional habit of China people for more than 2,000 years. Due to the vast territory, numerous nationalities and many stories and legends, not only many different festival names have emerged, but also different customs exist in different places. Its contents mainly include: the daughter returns to her mother's house, hangs a statue of Zhong Kui, greets the ghost boat, hides in the afternoon, sticks leaves in the afternoon, hangs calamus and wormwood, swims in all diseases, wears sachets, prepares sacrificial bowls, races dragon boats, contests, hits the ball, swings, paints children with realgar, drinks realgar wine, calamus wine, eats poisonous cakes, salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits. Zongzi: Today's Zongzi is more diverse and colorful. Nowadays, glutinous rice is generally wrapped in glutinous rice shells in various places, but the colors contained in it depend on local specialties and customs. The famous ones are longan, meat, crystal, lotus seed, candied fruit, chestnut, spicy, pickled cabbage, ham and salted egg. Realgar wine: The custom of drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival was very popular in the Yangtze River valley. The old saying once said, "If you drink realgar wine, all diseases will go away." Realgar is a mineral, commonly known as "cockscomb stone". Its main component is arsenic sulfide and contains mercury, which is toxic. The common realgar wine is made by adding a small amount of realgar to white wine or homemade yellow wine, and there is no pure drink. Realgar wine has the efficacy of sterilization, deworming and detoxification, and Chinese medicine is also used to treat skin diseases. In ancient times, when there was no disinfectant such as iodine, soaking in realgar could detoxify and relieve itching. For children who are not old enough to drink, adults apply realgar wine to their foreheads, ears, ears, hands, feet and hearts to disinfect and prevent diseases. Wuhuang: Jiangsu and Zhejiang have the custom of eating "wuhuang" on the Dragon Boat Festival. Wuhuang refers to cucumber, Monopterus albus, yellow croaker, duck egg yolk from Gaoyou and realgar wine. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival in northern Zhejiang also eats tofu. Caking: Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival for Korean people in Yanbian, Jilin Province. The most representative food on this day is fragrant cakes. Beating cakes means putting mugwort and glutinous rice in a big wooden trough chiseled by a single wood and beating it with a long-handled wood. This kind of food has national characteristics and can add festive atmosphere. [13] Fried Dumpling: In Jinjiang, Fujian, every household will eat "fried Dumpling" during the Dragon Boat Festival, which is made by mixing flour, rice flour or sweet potato powder and other ingredients into a thick paste and frying it. According to legend, in ancient times, it was rainy season in southern Fujian before the Dragon Boat Festival, and it rained continuously. People said that God had pierced a hole and wanted to "mend the sky". The rain stopped after eating "fried piles" on the Dragon Boat Festival. People say that the sky has been mended. This food custom comes from this. 7. Mid-Autumn Festival Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Moon Festival, Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, August Festival, Moon Chasing Festival, Moon-playing Festival, Moon Worship Festival, Daughter's Day or Reunion Festival, is a traditional cultural festival popular in many ethnic groups and countries in the Chinese character cultural circle in China, which falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar. Because it is just half the value of Sanqiu, hence the name, some places set the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16th. The Mid-Autumn Festival began in the early years of the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it had become one of the major festivals in China with the same reputation as the Spring Festival. Influenced by Chinese culture, Mid-Autumn Festival is also a traditional festival for overseas Chinese in some countries in East and Southeast Asia, especially local Chinese. Mid-Autumn Festival has been listed as a national legal holiday since 2008. On May 20th, 2006, the State Council was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. The Mid-Autumn Festival has had the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon, enjoying the moon, eating moon cakes, enjoying osmanthus, drinking osmanthus wine, etc. since ancient times, and it has spread to this day and lasted for a long time. The Mid-Autumn Festival is a colorful and precious cultural heritage, with the full moon as a sign of people's reunion, as the sustenance of missing their hometown and their loved ones, and hoping for a bumper harvest and happiness. 8. Double Ninth Festival

The Double Ninth Festival, which falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, is a traditional Double Ninth Festival, also known as "Old People's Day". Because the Book of Changes defines "six" as the yin number and "nine" as the yang number, on September 9, the sun and the moon merge with yang, and the two nine are heavy, so it is called Chongyang, also known as Double Nine. The Double Ninth Festival was formed as early as the Warring States Period. In the Tang Dynasty, Double Ninth Festival was officially designated as a folk festival, and it has been followed since then. Double Ninth Festival, also known as "Treading in Autumn" and "Treading in Spring" on March 3rd, is a family affair. On this day, all relatives of Double Ninth Festival should climb the mountain together to "avoid disaster", insert dogwood and enjoy chrysanthemums. Since Wei, Jin and Chongyang, the atmosphere has become increasingly rich, and it has been one of the most traditional festivals sung by literati in past dynasties. Evolution: September 9th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Double Ninth Festival in China. At the same time, it is also a festival to respect the elderly in China. In 1989, China designated September 9th as the festival for the elderly, which skillfully combined tradition with modernity and became a festival to respect, love and help the elderly. Custom: Every time we go to Chongyang, people will think of Wang Wei's "Being a stranger in a foreign land, thinking of our relatives every festive season". I know from afar where my brother climbed, and there was one less person in the dogwood. " This poem. Since ancient times, the Double Ninth Festival has been a day when people respect and love the elderly, miss their parents and long for reunion. The specific customs are listed as follows: ① Climbing high; ② Eating Chongyang Cake; ④ Appreciating Chrysanthemum and Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine; ④ Inserting Evodia rutaecarpa and hairpin chrysanthemums; ⑤ Drinking chong yang wine; however, there was also a saying in history that the 13th day of the seventh lunar month was a day to respect the elderly, but it was changed to September 9th in 1989. Time: the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. 9. Winter Solstice Festival is an important solar term in the China lunar calendar and a traditional festival of the Chinese nation. The winter solstice is commonly known as "Winter Festival", "Long Festival" and "Sub-Year". As early as the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,500 years ago, China had observed the sun with Tugui and determined the winter solstice, which was the earliest one of the 24 solar terms, and the time was between the Gregorian calendar1February 2 1 day and 23rd every year. Climatic characteristics: Astronomy regards the winter solstice as the beginning of winter, which is obviously late for most areas in China. As the poem goes, "The northwest wind hits a hundred herbs and declines, and several times it is cold and a sun rises. During the day, the time is the shortest, but I see Jin Mei in full bloom. " (Heshui Zuo) The winter solstice is the shortest day in a year. After the winter solstice, the direct point of the sun gradually moved to the north, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually became longer and the nights gradually became shorter. Therefore, there is a saying, "After eating the winter solstice noodles, the day is longer." Climatically, during the winter solstice, the average temperature in the northwest plateau is generally below 0℃, and the southern region is only about 6℃ to 8℃. In addition, the winter solstice began to count nine, and the winter solstice became the first day of counting nine. As for "Counting Nine", a folk song goes like this: "If you don't do it in September and September, you will walk on the ice in March and April, and if you look at willows along the river in May and June, the river will open in July and September, and the geese will come in August and September, and the cattle will walk everywhere in September and September." However, even in the first half of the coldest month 1 month in the southwest low-altitude valley area, the average temperature is still above 10℃. It can be said that autumn has gone to spring, and there is no winter all year round. The winter solstice usually falls on1February 2 1 day or1February 22 in the Gregorian calendar. Because the winter solstice is not fixed on a specific day, it is called "live festival" like Qingming. The winter solstice as a festival originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has been in existence ever since. The first month of the Zhou calendar is November in the summer calendar, so the first month of the Zhou Dynasty is equal to November in the Gregorian calendar today, so there is no difference between worshipping the New Year and celebrating the New Year. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the summer calendar that the first month was separated from the winter solstice. It can also be said that the simple "Winter Solstice Festival" has only existed since the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has been in existence ever since. The winter solstice is a good time for health preservation, mainly because "Qi begins at the winter solstice". Because from the beginning of winter, life activities began to turn from decline to prosperity and from static rotation. At this time, scientific health preservation helps to ensure vigorous energy and prevent premature aging, so as to achieve the purpose of prolonging life. During the winter solstice, the diet should be diversified, and the grains, fruits, meat and vegetables should be reasonably matched, and high-calcium foods should be appropriately selected. There are different customs in different places during the winter solstice, and most places in northern China have the custom of eating jiaozi during the winter solstice. After thousands of years of development, the winter solstice has formed a unique seasonal food culture. Eating jiaozi has become the winter solstice custom of most people in China. Of course, there are exceptions, such as the custom of drinking mutton soup on the day of the winter solstice in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, which means driving away the cold. 10, New Year's Eve The last day of the twelfth lunar month is called New Year's Eve. In addition, the original meaning is "go" and the extension is "easy"; The original meaning of the word "evening" is "sunset" and it is extended to "night". Therefore, on New Year's Eve, it means "get rid of the old year and get a new year tomorrow", that is, "get rid of the old and get a new one". In ancient times, "New Year's Eve" had other names, such as "except for the night, excluding the night, eliminating the year, eliminating the year, eliminating the year, and ending the year". Although there are many names, they always mean to send the old and welcome the new, and to eliminate diseases and disasters. New Year's Eve, or "New Year's Eve". It refers to the night before January 1st of the lunar calendar in China and other areas of Han culture circle. Generally, this day is a day for people to eat, drink, play and have fun. New Year's Eve originated from the "expulsion" in the pre-Qin period. According to Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Ji Dong Ji, the ancients beat drums to drive away the "ghost of plague" the day before the New Year, and the next year will be disease-free and disaster-free. The customs of northerners are roughly the same, including jiaozi and steamed buns during the New Year. In the south, however, customs are different, such as making rice cakes, making zongzi, cooking glutinous rice balls, eating rice, etc. Different regions in the south have many different Chinese New Year customs. Dumplings are shaped like "Yuanbao" and rice cakes sound like "Niangao", which are good signs of good luck. The climax of New Year's Eve is that the elders give "lucky money" after the New Year's dinner. Next, post Spring Festival couplets and door gods, and close the door. It was not until the morning of the first day of junior high school that the door was opened to "pick up the god of wealth", and then the whole family kept the year. The last day of the year is called "New Year's Eve" and that night is called "New Year's Eve". People often stay up all night on New Year's Eve, which is called Shounian. Su Shi has "Shousui": "Children are forced not to sleep, and they are happy at night." On New Year's Eve, people not only have to clean up their homes and outside, but also put up door gods, Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures and hanging door cages, and people put on new clothes with festive colors and patterns. In addition, all ethnic minorities in China also keep their own traditional festivals, such as the Water-splashing Festival of the Dai nationality, the Nadam Festival of the Mongolian nationality, the Torch Festival of the Yi nationality, the Danu Festival of the Yao nationality, the March Street of the Bai nationality, the Song Fair of the Zhuang nationality, the Tibetan calendar year and the Wangguo Festival of the Tibetan nationality, and the jump flower festival of the Miao nationality.