Literary and colloquial reading is a unique phenomenon in Chinese dialects, and some Chinese characters have two pronunciations in dialects. Text reading and white reading represent different phonetic levels.

Literary reading, also called pronunciation, pronunciation, classical Chinese pronunciation and pronunciation, is the outer layer of dialect. White reading, also known as voice, pronunciation, white voice or pronunciation, is usually the self-source layer of dialects.

For example, if the National People's Congress voted Cantonese as the new national Mandarin by one vote, then now all our pronunciations are Cantonese. For example, "Qin" of "hand-picked" is pronounced jam 1 according to Cantonese, but many northerners in China are still used to reading Qοn in spoken language, which means reading for nothing, while jam 1 means reading for literature.

About the shell word:

1958 published the Pronunciation Checklist of Words with Different Pronunciation in Putonghua, which standardized the words with different pronunciations in written and spoken languages and stipulated that:

(1) kjeldahl shells, shells, skulls and mauser guns.

(2) Qiao (text) shell, carapace and body.

(1) oral reading and (2) classic reading. It is stipulated in the audition form:

Four, some words have second reading, this table with "words" and "language" as annotations. The former is generally used in written language, disyllabic words and classical Chinese idioms; The latter is mostly used for monosyllabic words in spoken language, and a few are used for disyllabic words in daily life. In this case, take words as examples when necessary. For example: "Chinese fir" gambling "(1) shān (text): yew, sequoia, water ~; (2) shā (language): fir pole, shirt wood ".