Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeastern border of the motherland, where the latitude is high, the climate is cold, almost half of the year for the cold winter. Mention of cold, so that immediately associated with the "cold, high winds and water shortage" and other words. But Heilongjiang happens to be a province of rivers and lakes, in addition to the famous Sino-Russian boundary rivers, boundary lakes of the Heilongjiang River, Ussuri River and Xingkai Lake, where there are the Songhua River, Nenjiang River, Mudanjiang River, Suifen River and Tangwang River dozens of large and small rivers, and Mirror Lake, Lianhuan Lake and Wudalianchi and other lakes, coupled with the vast "Three Rivers Wetland The "Three Rivers Wetland" and "Flowery River Wetland" constitute a dense wetland water network, which is extremely rich in water production. Those waters are not only rich in the production of valuable "three flowers" (bream, jihua, ao-hua), "five Luo" (Zheluo, Faro, Tongluo, Huluo, Yaluo), and "eighteen sons". Among these fish, there are many are the specialty fish of Heilongjiang, not to mention the southern rivers can not see their figure, even if the northern rivers and lakes are also difficult to find its trace, such as koeluga (sturgeon), seven grain floater (Shi's sturgeon), wyvern headfish (six bearded catfish), salmon, copper Luo, Cheruo, Ussuri white salmon, cod, seven star eel and so on, are the specialty of the Heilongjiang River system of fish. At that time, the Heilongjiang River was also known as the "natural fish bank".
Many of the above fish species, I have been in the "Heilongjiang fish" in the article introduced, will not repeat, here only introduces several kinds of endemic fish have not been mentioned in Heilongjiang.
Jihua fish
Jihua fish, also known as the flower of the channel catfish, carp family, subfamily of catfish, the scientific name of the "flower of the bone", is one of the two bony fish produced in Heilongjiang. In addition to the fish, Heilongjiang also produces another kind of bone fish, called heavy lip, scientific name lip bone.
The appearance of the two species of bonefish is very similar, the body is similar to the cylindrical, the back of the head is flat and wide, the front of the head is more pointed, tapered, prominent kiss; mouth inferior, horseshoe-shaped; there are two pairs of whiskers, the former one is slightly shorter than the latter pair, the scales are medium-sized. The difference is that the dorsal fin of Yoshihana is sail-shaped, ossified at the front end, with many black spots on both sides of the body and on the dorsal and caudal fins, while there are 7-11 larger black spots on the side of the body right in the middle; whereas the heavy-lipped spine fins do not have an ossified front end, and do not have any spots on the body, and they come in two colors, golden yellow and greenish grey.
The gudgeon is mostly between 20-30 centimeters in length and weighs between 250 and 500 grams, with the largest individuals reaching about 1,000 grams. However, like that big fish is very rare, even in the Heilongjiang River fishing fishermen almost never seen, I was lucky to see one. I once under the bean cake hook fishing carp, bite the hook after pulling up to see, it is a three pounds more than a large fish Jihua, almost like a thick stick of rice, foot and a half long. That day, I caught six or seven carp and one jellied fish. Of the few fish that were caught, all the remaining carp were smaller than the gudgeon, except for a five or six pound carp that outweighed the gudgeon.
The fish belongs to the carp family, and it is an omnivorous fish like carp. It not only eats other fish and shrimp, but also devours vegetarian food such as bean cakes. However, in the selection of meat and vegetarian food, it is certainly preferred meat bait. Therefore, it is possible to catch jihua fish with bean cake and pasta, but it is rare, mainly river shrimp or earthworms. Don't look at the small size of the fish, but the bite is particularly fierce, especially in the fall and winter seasons every year, feeding is particularly crazy. I remember a year in early winter, the sky fluttered with sporadic snowflakes, I carried a pickpocket shrimp net to the river to go fishing.
The river has not flowed ice rows, I am picking shrimp, while preparing to fish the place to go, and finally chose a migratory water bay. Migratory water bay in the distance from the shore more than forty meters away, there is a clear line, that is the river and back to the line of the intersection of the water. After estimating the distance, I picked up the fishing line and threw it out with force, and the lead fell right on the intersection line of the two waters.
The hook was thrown into the water, and not much work was done, but there were fish on the hook. The bite was particularly fierce, and the willow tied to the fishing line was bent, so I reached out and grabbed the fishing line, and a half-pound fish was pulled up. I took the fish off the hook, changed the bait (river shrimp), and threw it into the river again. Soon there were fish biting again. In less than an hour's work, I had caught more than a dozen gefilte fish.
Looking at the caught fish, I couldn't help but think sadly: they can only feed desperately in order to get through the long, cold winter, and as a result, they are caught. Had they not been such gluttonous eaters, could they have cut their lives short? In fact, if they don't accumulate enough fat in their bodies before the winter comes, I'm afraid it will be difficult for them to survive the long winter. After all, only a very small number of gefilte fish are caught, and the vast majority of them will not bite on people's hooks and will be lucky to survive.
The river is too cold, not only drifting sporadic snowflakes, but also the wind, despite wearing a coat, or frozen shivering, fishing to three or four o'clock in the afternoon, can no longer hold out, picking up the day's harvest to go home.
To home a count, the size of the fishing more than seventy, small half a catty or so, large enough to a catty, in addition to the fish, there are a few heavy lip. Don't look at Jihua fish and heavy lip fish belong to the same bone fish, but Jihua fish only live in the Heilongjiang River and its rivers and lakes, and heavy lip fish distribution is extremely wide, from the Heilongjiang River Basin to the south all the way to Guangdong, Yunnan, and other places in the river are produced.
Black-spotted dogfish
Black-spotted dogfish, also known as dogfish stick, belongs to the salmoniform order, dogfish suborder, dogfish family, is a cold-water carnivorous fish, mainly living in the Heilongjiang basin.
The body of the black-spotted dogfish is elongated, slightly flattened laterally, and nearly barrel-shaped; it has a short tail, tiny scales, and a less obvious lateral line; the dorsal fin is long and backward, nearly the caudal fin; the pectoral and ventral fins are relatively small. The dorsal and lateral sides of the body are gray-green or greenish-brown, and the belly is light grayish-white, scattered with many irregular black spots, even on the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. The strangest thing is the head of the black-spotted dogfish, which is pointed, and the muzzle is long and flat, like a duck's beak, so some people also call it "duck fish".
The black-spotted dogfish is a fast-moving fish that is often active in the water and grass or trailing behind minnows, crucian carp, yellow catfish, and other small fish, looking for an opportunity to rush into the school of fish and prey on those small fish. Some of the larger black spotted dogfish not only prey on small fish, but also on larger fish such as carp, fathead minnows and grass carp. Because of its large mouth, teeth developed, not only the upper and lower jaws, even the tongue are long conical sharp teeth of different sizes. This sharp teeth make its chances of predation greatly increased, as long as the prey encountered, rarely can easily slip away from its mouth. Not only that, the dogfish's teeth have another use, hanging on to food that is momentarily too much to eat, just in case. This unique physiological feature of the black-spotted dogfish not only brings great convenience for it to hunt for food, but often will also be cut off from life.
One year in June, my classmates and I went to the Liangzi River in Qindeli under the "silk hanging son". That year, the Liangzi River dogfish stick is particularly large, most of them in a foot or so, each walking net can pick off a few dogfish. Walking the net, but also found a strange thing, there are a few dogfish did not drill into the mesh, just teeth were entangled in the net line, the results of the grips in the fishing net on the living gas death.
The black-spotted dogfish is one of the most ferocious predatory fish living in the Heilongjiang River, and when the bait is insufficient, they will also be in the same room, killing each other, and hunting for the same kind of food. In addition to eating fish and shrimp, those who fall on the surface of the water playing or feeding on the water birds or muskrat, frogs will also become the target of the dogfish attack, they were swallowed into the stomach.
The dogfish is a very large eater, and can eat almost as much food as it weighs in a day, and is so ferocious and voracious that it can swallow other fish up to a third of its own length. If the prey is too big to swallow, half of it is already in the stomach and the other half is still exposed outside the mouth. At this point, it will quickly swim in the water, digesting and swallowing the food in its stomach at the same time. The black spotted dogfish is not only a big eater, but also grows fast. It has been documented that the largest individual black spotted dogfish in a natural body of water can reach 16 kilograms to 21 kilograms. In fact, I have worked in the Qindeli farm, a fisherman under the winter net, had caught a 36 kg of large dogfish, and sold at forty dollars per kilogram, a dogfish for him to increase the income of more than two thousand dollars.
Don't look at the dogfish so ferocious, but if and Cherokee meet unexpectedly, narrowly, even if the size is almost less, but also far from Cherokee's opponent. There are only two results waiting for it: either to run away, or to be bitten all over the body and die a horrible death in the hands of the Cherokee.
Ussuri Shad
The cowry fish, belonging to the order Scleractinia, order Catostomatidae, family Liuko Shad, is a kind of scaly fish, the scientific name of Ussuri Shad, or Ussuri like fish. This fish is a scaly fish, body slender, and the more back the more thin, very much like a bull's "ox tail", the local people to give it such an image of the name.
The cow's tail fish. Appearance and GaYaZi fish look very similar, but than the GaYaZi fish to ugly. They are the same as the scaly fish, dorsal and pectoral fins also have the same dorsal and pectoral fins in front of the hard bone spines used for self-defense, after the spine edge is jagged, people do not know it is very difficult to distinguish between them. In fact, if you look closely, there are some differences. The head is larger, the upper jaw is slightly longer than the lower jaw, the eyes are smaller, and the upper lobe of the caudal fin is slightly longer than the lower lobe, with a rounded tip. On the other hand, the gag toothfish has upper and lower jaws that are basically equal in length, similar to a catfish, with larger eyes, a black eye, and an open caudal fin in the shape of a swallowtail. In addition to this, there is another obvious difference between the two fish, the gourami body on both sides of the growth of dark-colored irregular markings. However, those spots are particularly clear and clean, much like a tiger's skin, so some people also call them tiger-skinned gag gouramis. On the other hand, the ox-tailed fish does not have any markings on its body, and is mostly earthy gray or earthy yellow, without any luster. Both its appearance and body color are particularly ugly.
However, the cow's tail is much larger than the gag tooth fish, individual length more than a foot, the largest individual length up to a meter or so, weighing three or four pounds; while the gag tooth fish is much smaller, the largest is difficult to exceed one pound. In addition to their prey in addition to fish and shrimp, and sometimes devour the bodies of other animals, and even carcasses. Because of this habit, people think its dirty, people living in the past in the Heilongjiang River side of the people seldom eat fish tail. In fact, all the scaly fish meat is extremely tender, flavorful, and then do not eat these fish, purely psychological.
When I was working at Qindeli, there were still a lot of ox-tailed fish in the Heilongjiang River, and I was able to catch a few, or even dozens, every time. Once a few teachers from our school went fishing in company, and as a result, each of them caught twenty or thirty pounds of ox-tailed fish, the big three or four pounds, and the small ones were more than half a catty. Because then few eat ox-tailed fish, back to the fishmongers after a dollar per pound sold, the day's income is only twenty or thirty dollars, now think of it is simply a loss.
Hei Long Jiang fennel
Hei Long Jiang fennel belongs to the salmoniform order, fennel family, fennel genus. Commonly known as: spotted trout, red scale fish, sea rots, etc., is a small and medium-sized fish, most of the size between 50-400 grams, it is difficult to see more than 500 grams of heavy fish.
The body of Hei Long Jiang fennel is long and laterally flattened, and the caudal fin is more developed; the kiss is blunt and short; the mouth is terminal, and the upper and lower jaws are equal in length. The mouth cleft is inclined, the eyes are larger, the scales are fine and small, the lateral line is straight, and the dorsal fin is long and tall, rounded and convex, flag-like. It is mainly produced in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang and Nenjiang rivers, as well as in Mudanjiang, Ussuri River, Songhua River, Suifen River and other rivers. Although the Heilongjiang anguilla is also a cold-water carnivorous fish, it is different from other cold-water fish. The Heilongjiang fennel has a small swimming range and does not enter the rivers and lakes to overwinter all the year round, but only inhabits the mountain streams and rivers. In summer, they mostly live in the upper reaches of tributaries with low water temperature, and they like to live in the rivers and streams with luxuriant water plants, numerous insects, clear water color and rapid water flow. In the winter, when the water is thin and the mountains are cold, they swim to the lower reaches of the streams and look for a place where the water is deeper to overwinter. They never migrate over long distances as do the chironomids, finfish, dogfish or river cod.
Because Heilongjiang fennel fish never enters the big rivers, always lives in the mountain streams, plus the production is small, except for the mountain people, even those fishermen who fish for a living have almost never seen the fennel fish, and that is where its mystery lies.
The fennel fish feeds all the year round, even in the cold winter season, the stream has formed a layer of thick ice, and the fennel fish living in the water under the ice still keeps on taking food and supplementing the nutrition to get through the long and cold winter. Because fennel fish eat all year round and hunt fiercely, they are excellent targets for stream fishing.
Fishing for fennel in streams is different from fishing for other fishes in rivers and lakes. Due to the rapid water of the stream, the bottom of the stream is densely populated with rocks, and the fish hooks are especially easy to hang. Fishing for fennel should be done with a hard fishing rod, with a slightly lighter pendant, and with a float with good buoyancy. Because of the rapid water of the stream, it is impossible to stop the hook in a fixed place like fishing in other places, fishing for fennel is to walk along the stream from top to bottom while fishing. Throwing the hook into the stream, with the float toward the downstream, never let the hook sink to the bottom, in order to prevent hanging.
Throw a few hooks, if no anise fish bite, then hurry to find the next fish nest. If you can only catch some small fish such as fennel in the fishing spot, you can seldom catch fennel. Fennel is a kind of ferocious carnivorous fish, and small fish such as fennel are afraid of it and usually do not enter the fennel nest.
The fennel likes to eat live food, when hanging earthworms, it is necessary to penetrate from the whole earthworm near the head, and part of it should be left outside the hook, so that the earthworm can twist back and forth on the hook, and the fennel can find the bait very soon. Fennel bites are generally the float first down a little bit, and then drag the float into the water. When the angler sees the fish biting, he must not panic to lift the rod up, and wait for the aniseed fish to bite and then lift the rod, then it is nine times more stable.
Hei Long Jiang fennel fish lives in the non-polluted stream all year round, and it is a cold-water fish with tender meat and delicious flavor, which is a kind of valuable edible fish. Only the number of aniseed fish has been relatively small, coupled with the local mountain people in the aniseed fish migratory period for a large number of fishing, and even with dynamite bombing, electric shock fish, or drug fish and other events occur frequently, resulting in the original not much aniseed fish resources is a sharp decline, and now has become a kind of fish on the verge of extinction, even in the mountains and streams is also very difficult to see the Heilongjiang aniseed fish.
Fine-scaled fish
Fine-scaled fish is a kind of salmon, named because of its fine scales, belongs to Salmoniformes, Salmonidae, fine-scaled fish genus, so it is also called fine-scaled salmon. Commonly known as finescale fish, it is a medium-sized fish living in the Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers, with a weight generally between 1000 and 2000 grams.
The body of the Chinook salmon is elongated, laterally compressed, with a slightly pointed head and blunt muzzle. The mouth is small, transverse, and subinferior; the maxilla is distinct, free, and extends backward to just below the center of the eye. The maxillae and mandibles, plow bones, palatine bones, and tongue have inwardly inclined teeth. Eyes large, scales fine, ventral fins small; dorsum dark brown. Their sides are reddish-brown, with many irregular black spots distributed on the sides and spine of the body, much like the trout sold in restaurants.
Fine scale fish is a cold water fish, they do not fear the cold, like to inhabit in the low temperature, clear water in the stream, but in the winter it is migrating to the big river, the big river in the deep water over winter. When the water temperature rises slightly in the coming spring, it will migrate back to the original place to spawn. Every year, from mid-April to June, the sexually mature parent fish will swim in groups to the clear and fast-flowing water, where each male fish will occupy a piece of clear water, gravel river bottom territory, and swim back and forth, constantly expanding the range to attract those ready to marry them to the female fish. If the female takes a fancy to the male, she will chase him around, playing in the clear shallow water, and then give birth to their offspring.
Fine scaled fish lay their eggs in clear, slow-moving, gravel-bottomed sections of rivers or at the lower end of mouths. In order to protect their children, the spawning parent fish will always wait in their spawning place, where they constantly hover and wait, if there are other fish near their eggs, immediately and recklessly rushed up to drive away the intruder. If the intruder is large, a fierce battle may occur. Because the parent fish have been waiting in the eggs next to, rarely go to feed, more do not get a rest, even with the tired and hungry, often not wait for the eggs to hatch, many of the parent fish have been dead, and the most dead or male fish.
After the baby fish hatched, in order to avoid predators, they never move, often lurking in the gravel between the gaps. By the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the rainy season in Heilongjiang passed, the sky became bluer, and rain became scarce. The water level in the mountain streams dropped drastically due to the lack of rainfall, and through the shallow, clear streams, a group of black and green fish ridges could be seen swimming downstream along the turbulent streams, and this vast group of returning fish was the return procession of the fine-scaled fish. They return and other fish is different: big fish swim in the return of the front of the team, the team of adult scale fish swam through the team, only a dense small scale fish team.
The mountain streams are getting shallower and shallower, and in some places even so narrow that there is only a small stream left, and the Heilongjiang River and other rivers are about to freeze, and the returning Chinook salmon team, after a short rest on the way, traveled day and night without stopping, and set off towards the big rivers where they wintered.
Fine scale fish according to its living environment can be divided into two major populations: one is perennial habitat in mountain streams and streams in the group, they mainly live in the small Hinggan Mountains and the Wanda Mountains in the water system. This kind of fine-scaled fish is greenish-brown on the back, darker on the side of the body, silvery-white on the belly, with black spots on the dorsal and anal fins, and black on the outer edge; the pectoral fins and ventral fins are orange-red with black spots, which is called "mountain fine-scaled" by fishermen. Generally speaking, the "mountain scales" are small, with a body length of less than 350 millimeters.
There is another kind of fish, also living in the summer in the mountain streams and rivers, and in winter, they migrate to the river to overwinter. This fine scaled fish is a relatively large individual, the back is black and green, the side of the body yellow-brown, black spots, black abdomen, dorsal fin anterior corner of black, pectoral fins, ventral fins greenish-brown, caudal fin has a thin black spot, and the more the outer edge of the part of the color is more heavy, until the black, the fishermen called it "river fine scaled". During the breeding season every year, the body color of adult finfish is darker, and the color of the front dorsal fin becomes darker and heavier, with vague red markings on the side of the body, while the body color of finfish of different ages, sizes and living in different environments also varies greatly. Generally speaking, those older fish are darker in body color than younger fish.
The Chinook salmon is a fierce predator fish, mainly living in the Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers in winter, which is the hibernation period of other fish, the sense of precaution is particularly poor, the reaction ability is also particularly poor, especially vulnerable to attack by the Chinook salmon. Compared to the small fish they prey on, the Chinook is a ferocious beast. However, when it comes to the huge body of the Cherokee and the dogfish, they are really vulnerable, and may become a meal in the plate of those more ferocious and bigger predator fish at any time - in the natural world, the law of the jungle is always an invertible law.
The lower reaches of Heilongjiang is very vast, there are countless streams and bubbles leading to the Heilong Jiang, contains a wealth of bait resources, and many of the river pollution than the inland waterways to be much lighter, good natural conditions to make it a fish paradise, not only produce valuable sturgeon and nationally renowned "three flowers and five Luo", there are rare cold water in the southern rivers. Cold-water fish rarely seen in the southern rivers. But now, due to indiscriminate fishing, coupled with upstream pollution of the Songhua River, the Heilongjiang River fish has become less and less, like the "five Luo" in the Faro, copper Luo, Zhe Luo and other valuable fish are almost extinct, and even those fishermen have not seen the Faro for many years, the Heilongjiang River's fish resources are really to the point of danger, how to save the Heilongjiang River endangered fish resources? The question of how to save the endangered fish resources in Heilongjiang has become urgent, and the restoration of fish resources has become an urgent need to carry out the work.
Happily, people living in this land of the lower part of the Heilongjiang River have begun to save the action, not only to extend the fishing ban, but also from the original once a year to the current two fishing bans per year, each up to a month and a half, to create favorable conditions for the natural reproduction of fish. In addition, artificial breeding has been started there, various kinds of fish fry, including sturgeon, have been released into the Heilongjiang River, and farms for specialty fish resources, including dogfish, have been set up. We have reason to believe that, if this long-term persistence, the future of the Heilongjiang River will one day again become a natural fish reservoir.