When it comes to Chaoshan, I believe that most people prefer Chaoshan because the dialect is so terrible, because if you don’t grow up with this dialect, sometimes you may not even be able to understand when others are scolding you. Of. Just kidding!
? Closer to home, the Chaoshan area, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was "famous" in the Central Plains at that time, and its reputation was no less than that of Shenzhen today. At that time, Chaozhou in Chaoshan was known as the porcelain capital, which was known all over the world. The porcelain was shining and dazzling. In foreign trade, it was sold as far away as Southeast Asia, Europe and other places, and it was also economically important.
So, why is Chaozhou so gorgeous and called the porcelain capital? Yes, porcelain must be good, and praise must be based on the craftsmanship. Chaozhou ceramics are rich in color and exquisite in craftsmanship. The natural beauty of the paintings, harmonious colors and porcelain paintings that are different from other sects have formed a unique carving style of Chaozhou ceramics that is different from other porcelains - simple and elegant. There are porcelains for "craftsmanship", for "scenery photos", for "architectural design" and so on. Because of its beauty and vividness, Chaoshan's ceramics are also known as Chaozhou colored porcelain (ie Chaocai). In the 1980s, the porcelain industry innovated a technique of "gold on glaze", which means that the lines of porcelain paintings on the outside of the porcelain are plated with gold or inlaid with other types of jewelry to increase its look, three-dimensionality and image. , the lines feel silky and smooth to the touch. At that time, this kind of porcelain making technology, especially those handmade works, was so difficult to make that few areas could master the essence of Chaozhou porcelain making.
? Because of ceramics, Chaoshan, a region with few wise men, has a good reputation. It is also because of ceramics that the culture of Chaoshan area has shown its edge on the stage of China and even the world.
? Chaozhou small arts and crafts - embroidery, including Chaozhou wood carving, traditional embroidery, etc. Through-hole carving is the most representative technique among Chaozhou wood carvings. The most representative technique of Chaozhou wood carving hollowing out is the three-dimensional hollow through-carving "Lobster and Crab Basket", which is now displayed in Chen Shunqiang's "Wood Sculpture Art Heritage Hall". This masterpiece was completed by several wood carvers who worked together for more than two years. The carvings are ingenious, lively, colorful, with different shapes and lifelike. They are supplemented by waves as the base and water plants as the backing, making them richer. As a whole, the whole work embodies the charm of abundant seafood and good weather, and also places the blessings of wealth from all directions. It vividly depicts the abundance of fish, shrimps and crabs in Manlou, making it vivid and lively. OK, let's continue. There is an old saying in Chaoshan that "men grow up to farm, and women become famous" (Chaoshan dialect), which means that when men grow up, they have to go to the fields to farm, and when women grow up, they have to do embroidery at home. In the eyes of the older generation, learning to embroider is a criterion of value to measure whether a woman is a good wife and mother. Basically, at that time, there would always be a group of women gathered together in a village to speak to the group leader or other experienced elders. Please tell me, this is not unusual at all. It can be seen that the embroidery culture in Chaoshan area has gradually matured under such influence. As an intangible cultural heritage, it began in the Tang Dynasty and is called Guangdong embroidery together with Guangxiu. Its composition is well-proportioned, with different sizes and clear textures, and has particularly high artistic value. According to the craftsmanship, it can be divided into four categories: velvet embroidery, thread embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery, and gold and velvet mixed embroidery. It is divided into five embroidery methods: embroidery, padding, pasting, patchwork, and embellishment, and there are more than two hundred needle methods. Yu species, with superb skills, is different from other embroidery methods because of its high-relief embroidery method (that is, when embroidering patterns, the patterns will bulge due to the thread); trendy embroidery has rich themes, including characters, animals, flowers, etc. Full and well-proportioned compositions, festive and warm colors, and vivid themes give Chaozhou embroidery a rich and magnificent artistic effect. Therefore, Chaozhou embroidery works are widely used in decorations and clothes, and some celebrities also use them when they get married. Choose Chaozhou embroidery wedding dress; similarly, Chaozhou embroidery has a great reputation at home and abroad due to its exquisite skills. Chaozhou embroidery works also participated in the Panama International Exposition in 1915, and participated in the London competition in 1923 and 1925. In 2006, Chaozhou embroidery Become the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. One stitch, one thread, one frame, one chair, one person, one nail; meditation and calmness, the beads are embroidered to make the sketch shine.
Chaoshan embroidery girls, who are "powerful but capable" (Chaoshan dialect), have also brought about a culture. Chaoshan embroidery and wood carving show Chaoshan embroidery in the form of skills, and the characteristics of Chaoshan embroidery reflect the ingenuity, hard-working spirit, calculating character, and shrewd and capable style of Chaoshan people.
? After talking about small-scale arts and crafts, let’s take stock of the large-scale architectural culture in Chaoshan area. When talking about architecture, we must first take a look at Chaoshan paintings, and paintings can be divided into paper paintings and murals. . First, paper painting, Chaoshan paper painting, covers a wide range of topics. Chaoshan paper painting highlights one word - "real"! Where is it really? Truth lies in the beauty of paintings; truth lies in the touchingness of paintings. Among them, apart from some paintings of plum blossoms, orchids, bamboos and chrysanthemums, natural sceneries, or scenes of famous people from ancient legends, the ones I have seen the most are the paintings of deep alleys in old houses, the kind of "banyan trees with long annual rings and clusters of leaves". The sky is green. The alleys are uneven, and bricks are visible. There are many deep corners, moss stretches along the walls, and old houses line the alleys. Children are playing and dogs are walking slowly, a picture of a leisurely village. What's falling down are memories, but what's overflowing are sadness and farewell, longing and yearning, and these beautiful things will last forever...more eternal. ? Second, murals, Chaoshan folk murals, in the past and now, were mostly used to ward off evil and seek blessings. Now in peaceful times, some also symbolize beautiful visions. Chaoshan mural art can be roughly divided into three-dimensional carving or brush painting. Mural carving is mostly made of redwood as raw material, which is then ground into a corresponding size and can be carved with a knife. It is the same as wood carving, but the difficulty lies in painting. You have to be very rigorous, because the opportunity to carve a wall is rare. If you miss it once, it will be difficult to do it again. This tests the skills and endurance of Chaoshan carvers. Most of the people in Chaoshan area believe in Buddhism, so carved Buddha statues are commonly seen in the murals of some large temples. In ordinary times, in front of ordinary people's homes, if they want to be carved, they will usually ask for the Guan Gong picture to be carved to ensure good luck. Painting with a brush, like painting on paper, adds color to the wall without appearing monotonous. The lotus symbolizes tranquility, and the door god ensures safety. In the Chaoshan area, if a group of elderly people sit around under an ancient tree, then what they are talking about , it may be some paintings, simple and natural. Now let’s talk about architecture. The unique folk houses in Chaoshan are called “cuos”. If they live for a long time, they will be called “old houses” to show respect. The fine art of architecture is also a reflection of art. The bricks and tiles on the roof are scattered and neat. The dark ancient bricks and tiles on both sides are slanted to facilitate drainage. Some houses are slanted and have a degree, and they will specially design a rain channel, and then let the rain gather together, gather down, and then use wooden barrels to collect it for use. The houses here are not like the courtyard houses in Beijing, the ancient city of Lijiang in Yunnan, or the residential houses in southern Anhui. They are a unique artistic beauty in southern Fujian. Today, with the development of science and technology and the revitalization of the countryside, there is still a generation of people who pursue it. Chongqing, the peaceful corner of their childhood, the leisurely but profound alley, the paintings on the walls, and the flowers on the roadside. This also constitutes a unique village prototype in Chaoshan area.
After talking about these material nourishments, how can we not get spiritual edification? You say yes. Then let’s talk about Chaoshan every day! Yes, Chaoshan dialect (known as one of the most difficult languages ??to learn). The exchanges between Chaoshan people and their tongues formed a language art, adding the color of drama to form Chao Opera (the name after liberation), also known as Chao Tune and Chao Diao. By the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it was called Chaoyin, commonly known as Chaozhou Opera, Baizi Opera. Opera, one of the four famous operas in Guangdong (Cantonese opera, Teochew opera, Han opera and Lei opera). It is an ancient traditional local opera sung in Chaoshan dialect. It is well-known at home and abroad for its beautiful singing music and unique performance form, which are integrated into an opera with strong local characteristics. The status of Teochew opera is high. In 2006, it was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists, with heritage number IV-4. It is a branch of Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. It gradually evolved from the Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. It is an ancient opera with a history of more than 440 years. After the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, a number of Teochew operas were adapted from dramas or movies and featured people wearing suits and cheongsams, which were called civilized dramas or fashion dramas, such as "Konggu Lan", "The Orphan Saves the Ancestor", "The Young Mistress's Fan", "Xu Xilin" and so on.
Chaoshan’s worship of wandering gods is inseparable from Chaozhou opera. The older generation cannot understand today’s operas, but they are addicted to “yi…yi…yi…yi (singing)!” It is because of the past of that era that they are obsessed with that era. Those people and those things are a different way to remember their lost years. This may be the expression of the art of Teochew opera, the best presentation. ? After the founding of New China, Teochew opera inherited the tradition of civilized drama and fashion drama reflecting modern life, and created a considerable number of modern dramas. It has become an important part of Teochew opera repertoire. Interspersed with a "small" story, a giant story that is so "small": In the early spring 50 years ago, under the kind care of Premier Zhou Enlai, a group of more than 10 people including Mr. Lao She, Cao Yu, and Mr. Yang Hansheng made a special trip to Chaoshan. The unique culture and art of Chaoshan, especially the Chaozhou opera, touched their hearts. Mr. Lao She, the people's artist, even wrote an affectionate poem with his pen: "Don't praise me for riding a crane down to Yangzhou. I long for the autumn of Chaoshan for decades. I have a sentence called "Chi Shu proud". Children, listen to music in Shantou during the spring night." Before leaving, Mr. Lao She and Mr. Cao Yu did not forget to cherish the cultural heritage of Chaoshan and inherit and carry forward the Chaozhou opera with local characteristics. Teochew opera is often performed at temple fairs to show respect for the "master" (referring to the gods). People also like to watch it in a very lively atmosphere, which makes the festive atmosphere even stronger. Therefore, Teochew opera has a richer folkloric color than other types of opera. . A TV series that tells the story of folk scholars in Chaoshan dialect. It can be said to be a drama - does anyone know about it?
? "Xia Yulai", played by Zhao Shuguang: "I was born to be Xia Yulai, and people call me Xia Xiucai. I specialize in fighting injustices in human affairs, bullying the poor and domineering and making you cry. With me, Xia Yulai, there will be misfortune Come, the clouds clear. Although I am thin, I am a disciple of Confucius, a real scholar. "Zhao Shuguang was originally from Hebei, and he became the director of Shantou Repertory Theater in his middle age. , he practiced the Chaoshan dialect hard, and finally achieved Xia Yulai after many hardships. It can be said that it is well known to women and children in the Chaoshan area and is a household name. The art culture he brought is vivid and special. ? Let’s look at the festival customs in the Chaoshan area, such as bowing to the master on the 15th day of the lunar month, bowing on the first day of the new year, etc., etc., etc., I don’t know anything about what to pray for, and I am still not familiar with it, especially when it comes to festivals. That's called being unlucky, but it's a day where you can have fun and play. Especially during the Lantern Festival, wow! People come and go, and there are so many people in the countryside. You have to carry lanterns first, and then set up tables early in the inner village to set up the banquet. At that time, there will always be Teochew opera performers coming to the village to perform. Wow, once a year, the formation is so spot-on. It's just different. With the huge momentum and the crisp sound of firecrackers, the usually quiet and peaceful village suddenly became full of people and the fireworks became even more gorgeous. But getting back to the subject, these traditions are not only to commemorate our ancestors, to bless them with peace and success, and all the best, but also to express their wishes for a better life. At the same time, I also hope that the next generation will carry on the past and create a better future.
? Represented by ceramics, it supports the sky of Chaoshan art. It is also because of this sky that ceramics are protected to shine. One of the two is used as a large support and the other is used as a small composition. But the most cohesive decoration is the beauty and beauty that wins the first prize - Chaoshan culture!
However, the protection and inheritance of culture is an urgent matter. 1. During the Anti-Japanese War and the Cultural Revolution, Chaoshan art suffered a severe blow, causing serious losses, making it difficult to recover and find. 2. There are few art inheritors, the scale is not large, and the older generation is receding. 3. Today’s young people, including you and me, few of them really understand these arts. Because they don’t understand, they don’t want to understand. 4. There are very few inheritors of culture and art, and the required personality pursuits are high, and few people devote their lives to protecting and inheriting them. These are facts, and they are like knives, because we all hope that in the near future, all kinds of art will be lost in our generation, and I think that when we treat these arts, we do not necessarily mean to force inheritance, but Must! Give them enough! Enough support and respect, these are basic and necessary!
? So, to the end.
Please think about yourself again. When you are in an ancient house in Chaoshan, with your family, on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, you chat with your brothers and sisters about Chaoshan jokes, sit down and appreciate ceramics with your dad, and sit down and have a good chat with your mother. Embroidery, watching Xia Yulai on TV with grandma, and playing with wood carvings with grandpa. The moonlight is bright and full, filling the old temple and illuminating the old lanes of your village. And you, behind you, is Guan Gong waiting. What you are looking up at is the white jade plate. You are enjoying yourself, eating moon cakes, talking happily as a family, intoxicated by the natural scenery, admiring the lanterns, and eating the sweet and sweet moon cakes made by grandma. Not tired of it...The you at that time are the real selves you want in life.