First of all, you can grasp the title of the article and make a clear statement. As the saying goes, "the title is the eye of the article", and the title of the explanatory text often reveals the center of the explanation. First look at the general title: "Wonderful Cloning", which shows that this is a knowledge introduction about magical cloning technology and reveals the secret of "cloning"; Looking at the content again, the full text uses four subheadings: what is cloning, cloning sheep "Dolly" before and after the birth of crucian carp, and cloning technology benefits mankind. Just browse the subtitle of the text and you will have a general understanding of the content of the text.
Secondly, we can grasp the structure of the article and summarize the main points of explanation. General expositions tend to focus on a main issue or content, while some expositions need us to summarize the small explanatory points to form the explanatory points of the full text. For example, Wonderful Cloning uses a parallel structure to explain cloning from different aspects. In addition to the subheadings we mentioned earlier (or like some articles without subheadings), we can also summarize them according to the content structure of four parts. That is the significance, experiment, development and benefits of cloning.
In addition, you can grasp the order of explanation and make the main points clear. Everything has its own order, and people know things according to a certain order, so sorting out the order of articles is helpful to clarify the center of explanation. For example, this passage mainly expounds things, and undoubtedly adopts a logical order: first write the meaning of cloning, then write the experiment of cloning, then write the development of cloning, and finally write the benefits of cloning to human beings and the thinking of cloning. The context of the writing is very clear, indicating that things are proceeding step by step, and the center of the article is clear at a glance.
Analysis of Intensive Reading in Second Reading —— Detailed Discussion Method
If you want to explain things clearly, you must be inseparable from the explanation method. Therefore, when reading expository articles, we should grasp the main methods of expository articles, and make clear the relationship and function of various methods of expository articles, so as to grasp the content and structure of expository articles more accurately. We might as well start from the following two aspects:
First of all, we can extract the interpretation methods of each part from the full text. You might as well make a list and have a look.
Second, we can grasp the key paragraphs and analyze the specific explanation methods. For example, in "What is cloning?" The author explains "cloning" in three ways: example, explanation and quotation. Examples: cite familiar examples from plants and animals to explain, and make difficult scientific knowledge concise and easy to understand; Interpretation: trace the source of the word cloning and explain it; Quotations: The story that the Monkey King, who was introduced into The Journey to the West, pulled out a handful of monkey hair and turned it into a large group of monkeys vividly illustrates what "cloning" is all about and makes science and technology interesting.
The third reading taste-grasping the emotional point of chewing
Like other styles, expository writing also "tells" the author's emotional attitude, which is also indispensable for us to understand the text. Wonderful Cloning is a popular science article written by biologist Tan Jiazhen. To learn this text, we should not only understand the cloned scientific and technological achievements, but also learn the spirit of scientists' perseverance and constant climbing on the road of science, and have a preliminary understanding of science as a "double-edged sword".
In order to explain what cloning is, the author carefully organized the materials and clearly introduced what cloning is, the development of cloning technology, the birth of Dolly the Sheep and how cloning technology benefits mankind. But the author is not limited to the general knowledge introduction, but incorporates his own appreciation and serious thinking. Specifically, this paper not only introduces us to the scientific knowledge of cloning, but also shows the "scientific spirit" including China scientists, and leads readers to look at the development of science and technology in an all-round way. When reading, we should find out the sentences that can express the rigorous, realistic and persistent attitude and spirit of scientists and appreciate them.
Explanatory writing is an article genre that takes explanation as the main expression and gives people knowledge by explaining things and clarifying things. It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts.
Although expository writing is a kind of writing with explanation as the main expression, it cannot successfully complete the task of introducing and explaining things to readers without the proper cooperation of other expressions (such as narration, discussion and description). From the perspective of learning to write expository writing, if we can understand the important role of comprehensive expression in expository writing, and pay attention to the accurate use of narrative, discussion and other ways to assist interpretation, expository writing can be brilliant. (Excerpted from Comprehensive Use of Expression in Explanatory Writing, No.3, 2000)
Descriptive words are very practical, including advertisements, instructions, abstracts, tips, rules, articles of association, comments, scientific sketches and so on.
Explanatory text generally introduces the shape, structure, category, relationship and function of things, and explains the principle, significance, characteristics and evolution of things.
Literary discourses are discourses that introduce scientific knowledge through literary forms.
The reading skills of junior middle school expository texts mainly examine the ability of candidates to obtain information accurately from the text, and the questions are mainly considered around quasi-confirmation reading, accurate understanding and accurate screening.
In the process of solving problems, there is a jingle: "read the original text first, get the general idea, then read the stem as a mark, find out the corresponding sentences in the range, compare the options and see the differences."
Read the original text first and complete three tasks: (1) Understand the general idea of the article, that is, the object of explanation, the relationship between paragraphs, the author's point of view and related materials. (2) Number the paragraphs. (3) Mark important sentences and keywords.
Secondly, it is very important to read the stem, and we should mark the important words. For example, the title 1 of the volume 1999 can be marked as follows: "The first paragraph of this article puts forward a hypothesis, and the incorrect understanding is" 3. The first is the position of the proposition point, the second is the content of the test question, and the third is the standard for choosing the answer.
Third, finding out the scope of the answer and the corresponding sentence is the essential stage of the answer. Generally speaking, the search interval of the answer should be near the propositional point, for example, the answer to question 1 is in paragraph 1 or paragraph 2. It is more important to find the corresponding sentence. It can be said that if you find the corresponding sentence, you will basically find the answer. Comparing options to find differences is the last step, which is to complete the answer. For example, 1 item b says: "Compared with humans, hibernating mammals have changed in a wider range." The word "supervision" is omitted, which is inconsistent with the original intention of the article.
Explanatory reading questions are multiple-choice questions, and there are three ways to choose the right options: direct election, exclusion and analogy.
Direct election means choosing the right answer directly. This method is suitable for obvious questions, and some answers can be determined at once. It also applies to "choosing non-topics", such as "incorrect" and "not in line with the text".
Exclusion can be applied to all types of multiple-choice questions. It reveals the correct answer and improves the accuracy of the answer by excluding the options that do not meet the requirements of the topic. In order to find the "first knowledge point", that is, the basis for excluding the first option, the exclusion method must have two characteristics: one is the most accurate judgment, and the other is the most valuable. After determining this knowledge point, you can rule out more options.
Analogy applies to some multiple-choice questions. According to reasonable inference, quickly exclude some options, or infer unknown situations according to known situations, and quickly determine the answer.
I. Classification
1. From the description object: the description of things and the description of things.
2. From the linguistic features of expository writing: simple expository writing and vivid expository writing.
Second, the order of interpretation.
Chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
Specific scores of logical order: subject-time, cause-result, phenomenon-essence, feature-use, general-individual, generalization-concrete, whole-part.
Typical question: What is the order of interpretation in this article? What's the role?
Standardized answer format: In this article, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (The first blank should be filled with the specific order of description, and the second blank should be filled with the specific name or description of the thing. If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". )
Third, the method of explanation.
1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.
2, the role of common methods:
1. Example: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, making the explanation more specific and convincing.
(2) Classification: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized.
③ Comparison: Compare the differences between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(4) Interpretation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand.
⑤. For example: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and so on.
6. Imitation: Give a vivid description of the characteristics/events of things, so as to make the explanation more specific.
⑦ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.
⑧ Numbering: Use specific data to explain the characteristics/facts of things, so as to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.
⑨ Charting: Explain the characteristics/events of things by means of charts to make the explanation more concise and intuitive.
⑩ Quotation: Quotation has the following forms-
First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example)
B, citing specific data; (Functions in the same column)
C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing.
D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.
(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )
Fourthly, the language analysis of expository writing.
1, the analysis of the whole language is generally from two angles: a, accuracy; B, vivid or concise.
This is also the characteristic of general expository writing. B is from the perspective of different language styles. To comment on the language features of the whole article, we must combine the specific content of the article, for example, we can choose a sentence as an example.
The standard answer format is as follows: This article fully embodies the accurate/vivid/concise characteristics of Chinese, such as the sentence "……", which accurately/vividly/concisely explains the characteristics/facts of things. There are many other examples like this.
2. Comments on specific articles/sentences/words
The function of the article/sentence is basically the same as above.
The function of words has the following exam forms:
A, what is the function of adding words? B, can you change the word? C. Add some words that can be deleted?
This kind of questions often need to be answered in combination with the characteristics of the accuracy of the interpretation language (sometimes reflecting the vividness of the language) The second question type should also compare the differences in answers between the two. The third question type should also add the expression "after deletion, it does not conform to people's understanding of objective things or to objective facts".
An analysis of explanatory writing of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1, combined with interpretation method
Normative answer mode is as follows:
The main explanation method adopted in this paper is ... to explain ... (content: the characteristics of things or things) so as to explain ... (function: refer to the previous explanation method to clarify its function)
2, combined with rhetoric.
Normative answer mode is as follows:
This is a vivid explanation article, which uses a lot of rhetorical devices to explain … (content), making the explanation of the article vivid.
3, combined with expressions.
Narration and description make the description more specific; Lyricism and discussion make the explanation more emotional. Then from this point of view, the writing of the explanatory text is analyzed, and the standard format of the answer is as follows:
In this paper, a variety of expressions are comprehensively used, besides explanation, there are also … (selected from "narration, description, explanation and discussion" according to the content), such as … (specific examples), that is, the use of … (expression) makes the explanation more concrete/emotional.
Sixth, explain the function of paragraphs.
There are three angles to answer this question:
(1), structure, content and function: lead out the following, connect the preceding with the following, and summarize the full text/previous article.
Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of leading out the object of explanation/explaining things.
(2), combined with interpretation.
Explain ... (features or things) by the method of interpretation of ..., so as to explain ... (functions).
Shi Ming zhijin
Explanatory text is an important part of the modern text reading test in the senior high school entrance examination. Judging from the examination papers of senior high school entrance examinations in various places, the test site for explanatory reading is: 1. Understand and grasp the object of explanation and summarize its characteristics; 2. Identify and judge the order of instructions; 3. Analyze the method of explanation and understand its role in the text; 4. Analyze the accuracy of explanatory language; 5. Understand the content of the explanation as a whole and correctly select and refine the information in the text; 6. Read the graph, recognize the form, explain the form or design the form according to the content of the article; 7. Analyze the function of paragraphs and sentences in the text from the structure; 8. Talk about your feelings, discoveries or inventions in combination with articles and life practice.
To do a good job in reading expository texts, we must first master the relevant common sense of reading expository texts, such as the types of expository texts (things expository texts, things expository texts), the common interpretation order (spatial order, time sequence, logical sequence), nine common interpretation methods (examples, data enumeration, analogy, classification, comparison, definition, explanation, imitation, chart enumeration), and explain the sentences in the text. Secondly, we should focus on the whole, accurately grasp the central sentence and key sentence of the paragraph, understand the relationship between the central sentence and the supporting sentence, explore the combination law of the paragraph and summarize the content of the paragraph. Finally, we should combine the content of the article, and use the methods of association, imagination, reasoning and verification to express ourselves.