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Cold Food Festival

Open categories: Folk customs, festivals, traditions, Han nationality, Qingming Festival

Contents Introduction to Cold Food Festival Origin of Cold Food Festival Customs of Cold Food Festival Characteristics of Cold Food Festival Value of Cold Food Festival Cold Food Festival Poems Cold Food Festival Allusions

Introduction to Cold Food Festival

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Cold Food Festival is also known as "No Smoking Festival", "Cold Festival", " "Hundred-Fifth Festival" is one hundred and five days after the winter solstice in the lunar calendar and one or two days before the Qingming Festival. On the first day of the festival, no fireworks are allowed and only cold food is eaten. In the development of later generations, customs such as sweeping sacrifices, outings, swings, Cuju, hook-drawing, and egg-fighting were gradually added. The Cold Food Festival lasted for more than two thousand years and was once known as the largest folk festival. "He recommended to escape from the world, and the mountain fire burned him. The four seas share the same cold food, and we have been one person for eternity. What's the use of deep grievances, the majestic ruins have no neighbors in the past. The soul of the mountains and rivers, the wind and thunder control the gods. The light, smoke, elms and willows, the fire, the resentment of dragons and snakes New. It’s a pity that Duke Wen was so domineering that he had to bear this minister all his life.” The poem “Cold Food” by Lu Xiang, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, tells the story of the origin of the Cold Food Festival. According to legend, this custom originated from commemorating the push of the Jin state during the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Jie Zhitui and Chong'er, Duke Wen of Jin Dynasty, went into exile in various countries and cut off their flesh to feed Duke Wen to satisfy their hunger. After Duke Wen returned to the country, he retired to Mianshan with his mother without seeking wealth or salary. Wen Gong burned the mountain to seek it, but he refused to leave the mountain and died hugging the tree. Duke Wen buried his body in Mianshan, built a shrine and a temple, and ordered that on the day Zitui was burned to death, no fire or cold food was allowed to express his condolences, which later became a custom.

China used to hold spring festivals during the Cold Food Festival, until it was later changed to the Qingming Festival. However, South Korea still retains the tradition of holding spring festivals during the Cold Food Festival.

The origin of the Cold Food Festival

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The original place of the Cold Food Festival is Mianshan, Jiexiu, Shanxi, with a history of 2,640 years ago ( 358 years earlier than the Dragon Boat Festival). According to the interpretation of "Cold Food Festival" in "Ci Yuan" and "Ci Hai": During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jie Zitui went through many hardships to assist Prince Chong'er of the Jin Dynasty to return to the country, and lived in seclusion in Mianshan, Jiexiu. Chong'er burned the mountain to force him to come out, and his mother and son disappeared and burned themselves. In order to commemorate him, Duke Wen of Jin changed Mianshan Mountain to Jieshan Mountain, and ordered Jiexiu to ban fire and cold food on the day of Zitui's death (later one hundred and fifteen days after the winter solstice), forming the Cold Food Festival. The record that the Cold Food Festival originated from the burning of Jie Zitui at Mianshan in Jiexiu was first seen in Huan Tan's "New Lun·Volume 11·Li Shi" of the Western Han Dynasty, and was later recorded in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Prefecture and State Chronicles·Taiyuan County", "Book of the Later Han: Biography of Zhou Ju", Cao Cao's "Ming Punishment Order", "Book of Jin: Biography of Shi Le", Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu: Fenshui", Northern Wei's "Qi Min Yao Shu Boiled Cheese", Southern Song Dynasty Zhou Mi's "Gui" Classics such as "Xin Za Shi" and "Sui Shi Guang Ji" by Chen Yuanliang of the Yuan Dynasty. Historically, Cold Food and Tomb Sweeping Festivals were close to each other, and over time, they became one festival. "Tang Huiyao Volume 82 Holiday" clearly records: "On February 11, the 24th year of Kaiyuan Dynasty (Kaiyuan Dynasty), the edict was: Cold Food Qingming Festival, four days are holidays. The edict was issued on February 15th, the 13th year of the Dali calendar: From now on, there will be a five-day holiday during the Qingming Festival. On March 9, the sixth year of Zhenyuan, the decree states that the cold food during the Qingming Festival should be on the first day of the Qingming Festival, with three days before and after." Therefore, "Chinese Traditional Culture Grand View" records: "Roughly in the Tang Dynasty, the Cold Food Festival and the Tomb-Sweeping Festival were combined into one."

It falls on April 4th every year, the day before the Tomb-Sweeping Festival. Legend has it that this festival commemorates Jie Zitui in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Jie Zitui was a wise minister of the Jin State at that time, serving Prince Chong'er (later Duke Wen of Jin). Civil strife broke out in the Jin Kingdom, and Prince Chong'er was forced to flee abroad. Jie Zitui followed Chong'er into exile despite hardships and hardships. He once cut his own leg meat to make soup and presented it to Chong'er. After Chong'er became the king, he remembered Jie Zitui at first, but as time went by, he also forgot about him. Jie Zhitui felt very sad and returned to his hometown with his elderly mother to live in seclusion in the mountains.

One day, Duke Wen of Jin found that he was missing Jie Zitui. He remembered that he had forgotten to reward this virtuous minister who "cut off his legs to serve the emperor". He felt very guilty and went to the mountains where he lived in seclusion to look for him. But I saw overlapping mountains and green trees, but no shadow of Jie Zitui. He thought that Jie Zhitui was a filial son. If he set fire to the mountain, he would definitely carry his mother out. So he ordered the mountain to be set on fire. As a result, the fire spread for dozens of miles and burned for three days, but Jie Zhitui did not come out. After the fire died down, everyone went into the mountain to take a look and found that Jie Zitui and his old mother were hugging each other and burned to death in the mountains.

When word of this came out, everyone respected and missed Jie Zitui. From now on, he will be commemorated on the day he was burned to death, which is the day before Qingming Festival in April every year. Because Jie Zitui was burned to death, everyone could not bear to raise fire on this day and would rather eat cold food. Therefore, this day is called "Cold Food Festival".

Other explanations about the origin

The Cold Food Festival is an important spring folk festival in Shanxi.

The specific date of the Cold Food Festival is one hundred and five days after the Winter Solstice. Most areas in Shanxi now celebrate the Cold Food Festival on the day before Qingming Festival. A few places such as Yushe County celebrate the Cold Food Festival two days before Qingming Festival. Yuanqu County also pays attention to the cold food festival on the day before Qingming Festival and the Xiaohan Food Festival on the two days before.

The origin of the Cold Food Festival should be the fire worship of humans in ancient times. The life of the ancients was inseparable from fire, but fire often caused great disasters to human beings. Therefore, the ancients believed that fire had gods and worshiped it. The fire worshiped by each family must be extinguished once a year. Then rekindling a new fire is called changing the fire. When the fire is changed, a grand ancestor worship activity will be held, and the symbol of Gu Shenji will be burned, which is called a human sacrifice. Following the customs, the later Fire Forbidden Festival was formed.

The Forbidden Fire Festival was later transformed into the Cold Food Festival to commemorate Jie Zitui, a famous official and righteous man of the Jin Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that during Jin Wengong's exile, Jiezi once cut off his stock to satisfy his hunger. After Duke Wen of Jin returned to his country and became king, he forgot about the intercession when he divided the ministers among them. Jie Zitui did not want to boast about his achievements and win favor, so he lived in seclusion in Mianshan with his old mother. Later, Duke Wen of Jin personally went to Mianshan to respectfully invite Jie Zitui. Jie Zitui did not want to be an official and hid in the mountains. Wen Gong's men set fire to the mountain, with the original intention of forcing Jie Zitu to show his face. As a result, Jie Zitui was burned to death under a big tree while holding his mother in his arms. In order to commemorate the loyalty of this loyal minister, on the day of Jie Zitui's death, no fire was made to cook, but cold food was eaten, which is called the Cold Food Festival.

In the Han Dynasty, Shanxi people banned fire for a month to commemorate it. During the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao ordered the abolition of this custom. There is a saying in the "Yin Punishment Order", "I heard that Taiyuan, Shangdang, and Yanmen were forbidden to eat cold food for a hundred and fifteen days after the winter solstice, and the cloud was Zitui." The chief official shall be punished for a hundred days, and the commander shall be deprived of one month's salary." After the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, because it had the same pronunciation and the same word as "Jin" in Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, people in Jin paid special attention to anecdotes, and the custom of prohibiting fire and cold food in commemoration of Jie Zitui was restored. However, the time was shortened to three days. At the same time, the saying that the Cold Food Festival commemorates Jie Zitui was extended to all parts of the country. The Cold Food Festival has become a national festival, and the ban on fire and cold food during the Cold Food Festival has become a unique custom of the Han people.

Today, the folk custom of banning fire and cold food in Shanxi mostly lasts for one day, and only a few places still use the custom of banning fire and cold food for three days. Folks in southern Shanxi are accustomed to eating cold noodles, cold noodles, cold cakes, etc. In the northern Shanxi region, it is customary to use Chaoqi (that is, steaming cakes or white noodles, cutting them into cubes the size of dice, drying them in the sun and frying them with soil until they turn yellow) as a cold food day food. In some mountainous areas, the whole family eats fried noodles on this day (that is, fried whole grains, mixed with various dried fruits and preserved fruits, and ground into noodles).

During the Cold Food Festival, it is customary to steam cold swallows to celebrate. They use flour to shape flying swallows, songbirds and animals, melons, fruits, flowers, etc., as big as a thumb, steam them, color them, and insert them into the jujube tree. Acupuncture them to decorate interiors or give them as gifts.

Cold Food Festival Customs

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1. No smoking and cold food: The Cold Food Festival was also called the "No Smoking Festival" in ancient times. Every household prohibited lighting fires. Eat cold food. However, due to the persistence of the Chinese people in commemorating their ancestors, it was banned and revived repeatedly from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the royal family of the Tang Dynasty recognized and participated in it.

2. Worshiping ancestors: sweeping tombs and worshiping ancestors during the Cold Food Festival were regarded as "wild sacrifices" from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was compiled into the "Kaiyuan Rites" "Volume 87: Bowing to Sweepers from Princes and Down Under (Cold Food Worships to Sweepers)" and became one of the auspicious rituals recognized and advocated by the government. Later, it evolved into the royal family offering sacrifices to mausoleums; officials offering sacrifices to Confucius Temples and sages; and common people visiting graves. At that time, the whole family or tribe would go to the ancestor's grave together to offer sacrifices, add soil and hang paper money. Then they would scatter Zi Tui Yan and Snake Pan Rabbit on the top of the grave, roll them down, pierce them with willow branches or knot needles, and place them high in the room. I am grateful to my ancestor Deze.

3. Cold food: Cold food includes cold food porridge, cold food noodles, cold food pulp, green rice and glutinous rice, etc.; cold food offerings include noodle swallow, snake plate rabbit, jujube cake, fine barley, sacred glutinous rice, etc. ; There are dozens of kinds of drinks including spring wine, new tea, clear spring sweet water, etc. Most of them have profound meanings, such as offering sacrifices to snakes and rabbits. There is a popular saying that "snake and rabbit will definitely make you rich", which means hoping that the people will be rich and the country will be strong; Zi Tuiyan, which is taken from the Jiexiu dialect "Nian Nian", does not forget to recommend and promote integrity... …. Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province has a cold food dieting utensil called "Jinggangpei". "National Life Calendar" says: "Jingkou (Zhenjiang) uses it as a cold utensil. The navel is hexagonal, so it is called Jinggangpei."

4. Willows planted during cold food: Willows are the symbol of the Cold Food Festival, originally meant to commemorate Jie Zitui and pursue political clarity. As early as the Southern and Northern Dynasties, "Jingchu Suishiji" records that "during the cold eclipse in the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers, every family breaks willows and inserts them in the door." It is also popular in Anhui, Suzhou and other places to wear mustard flowers and wheat leaves instead of willow branches. According to historical records from various places: "Insert willows in graves", "Put willow branches in households", "Insert willows in the eaves of bedrooms and stoves", "Also wear them on your head or tie your clothes", "Store bottles and offer them to Buddhas and gods". ”, “Every door is covered with willows”, so there is a saying among the people that “if you don’t wear willows during the Qingming Festival (cold food), your beauty will become white”.

5. Cold Food Outing: Also called Spring Outing, it flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties. "What I Saw in Donggu" by Li Zhiyan of the Song Dynasty states: "I paid my respects and paid my respects, and then I went on a leisurely tour with my brothers, wives, relatives and acquaintances, and returned home happily." The Ming Dynasty's "Emperor's Scenery" records the outing scene in Jingxiao as follows: "On the Qingming day of Sui (Hanshi), there were people outing, including carriages, riders, walkers, and tens of thousands of tourists." It can be described as a great success.

6. Cold Food Swing: The swing was originally a recreational item for palace women during the ancient Cold Food Festival. "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy" written by Wang Renyu of the Five Dynasties records that "a swing was erected in Tianbao Palace during the Cold Food Festival, which made the concubines laugh and think it was a feast. The emperor called it a play of half-immortals, and the soldiers and people in the capital called it accordingly." Wen Yanbo, Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty The poem "The Cold Food Sun Passes Over the Dragon Gate" is described in the poem as "willows hang green lines beside the bridge, and swings are lined with colorful ropes."

7. Cold Food Cuqiu: It was popular in the Tang Dynasty. The "Tongkao of Documents" of the Song Dynasty recorded: " The practice of kickball began in the Tang Dynasty. Two bamboos were planted, several feet high, and a net was used to measure the ball. The ball was divided between left and right players, and the victory was determined by the angle. "Historical Records: Tang Dezong, Xianzong, Mu Zong, and Jingzong all played. It is recorded in "Yuan Gui of Prefecture" that "On the Cold Food Festival in February of the twelfth year of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, in the east pavilion of the Imperial Qi Hall, I watched the military ministers and their descendants play ball, and also gave banquets to the ministers." There is also " Taizu Cuju Pictures".

8. Poems about Cold Food: During the Cold Food Festival, literati either miss their hometown or their relatives, or take advantage of the scenery to create feelings. They are especially emotional and inspired, and poetry flourishes, with many people chanting it. According to research, "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" alone contains more than 300 poems by celebrities such as Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shuo, Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, etc., as well as more than 100 poems and songs from the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, which has become a rare flower in the art of poetry in my country. In addition, during the Cold Food Festival, there are many activities such as giving banquets, flower appreciation, cockfighting, carving chicken roosters, pulling hooks (tug of war), drilling wood to make fire, flying kites, fighting with grass, and throwing pots (tile and stone toys), etc., which greatly enriches the cultural heritage. Social life in ancient my country.

Characteristics of the Cold Food Festival

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1. The festival was formed early. It originated from the time when Jie Zitui was burned in Jiexiu Mianshan during the Spring and Autumn Period. Duke Wen of Jin ordered that fire and cold food be prohibited on Zitui's death day, and cold food should be used to express his grief. By the Tang Dynasty, it had become a national statutory holiday and was the earliest among the traditional festivals in my country.

2. Continuing a long history. It was 2,640 years ago. During this period, various historical periods and holiday periods varied. There were five days, one hundred and fifteen days, one month, three days, two, five and seven days, and finally became one day.

3. Deep cultural connotation. It has developed from respecting Jie Zhi to being loyal to the emperor and patriotism, the spirit of dedication in retiring after one's achievements, the political ambition of being honest and honest, and the filial piety of not violating one's relatives. It has developed into an important festival that gathers the hearts of the people, condenses the soul of the country, and embodies the ancestral culture of the Chinese nation. And formed a series of cold food for health and longevity, such as glutinous rice and green rice.

4. There are many festival activities. Visits include sweeping tombs, no smoking, ancestor worship, cold food, willow planting, outing, Cuju, swing, flower viewing, cockfighting, giving banquets, chanting poems, etc.

5. It spreads over a wide area. From Jiexiu and Taiyuan counties to all parts of the country and even overseas (for example, Gaochang State has designated March 9 as the Cold Food Festival since the Tang Dynasty).

The value of the Cold Food Festival

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The significance of the Cold Food Festival is far greater than that of Qingming. If compared to mother and child, Cold Food is the mother and Qingming is the son. Qingming is still here, but Hanshi has long since disappeared. It can also be said that cold food is accompanied by the wind from the willows that does not blow cold on the face, and quietly blends into the Qingming Festival during the evolution of the festival. Cold food nourishes Qingming. Qingming has risen from a solar term to one of the most valued traditional festivals. Without cold food, it would be almost impossible.

Looking back at the development of history, the Cold Food Festival has become one of the threads of ancient Chinese social civilization. Therefore, from the perspective of historical research, social research, tourism and other social activities, the unique value of the Cold Food Festival deserves people's attention.

1. Social and historical value

The Cold Food Festival is a festival established by Duke Wen of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period to commemorate Jie Zitui. It has a history of 2,640 years ago. It has continued through various dynasties to this day without interruption. Although it was banned many times by Zhou Ju of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms, Shile of the Later Zhao Dynasty, and Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was repeatedly banned and revived. The custom of cold food spread across the country and was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty complied with public opinion and issued an edict to incorporate the Cold Food Festival tomb-sweeping into the "Kaiyuan Rites" and designated it as a national statutory holiday. Rich and diverse cold food activities enriched social life, enhanced harmonious interpersonal relationships, and had a negative impact on social relief. Contradictions play an important role in promoting the continuous progress of society. In particular, the recognition and participation of the rulers of the fraternal ethnic groups in the Northern Wei, Liao, Jin, Yuan and Qing dynasties in the cold food festival customs played a subtle and huge role in promoting national unity and political consolidation through the exchange and integration of cold food culture.

The Cold Food Festival embodies the political ambition of caring about the country and the people, being loyal to the king and patriotism, being honest and honest, and the spirit of dedication of "rewarding without repaying one's merits" and retiring after one's achievements. These are the ethical principles of ancient society and are The bond of social stability and national unity still has important practical significance today.

The connotation of Hanshi culture centered on loyalty and filial piety and the integrity extended from loyalty and filial piety are the essence of the Meson spirit, the core of the traditional morality of the Chinese nation, the basis of the national ancestral culture, and the maintenance of the nation and family. The moral power of unity. Today, it is an important activity method and spiritual concept to gather the hearts of the people, condense the soul of the country, realize the peaceful reunification of the motherland, and build a harmonious society.

The political clarity pursued by Jie Zitui has been the unanimous desire of the people for thousands of years and has far-reaching practical significance for the construction of democratic politics in the contemporary era.

In addition, the seven-day youth tour during the Cold Food Festival in the palace of the Tang Dynasty evolved into today's "Golden Tourism Week"; the ban on cold food and fire evolved into today's forest protection and fire prevention; the cold food and willow planting evolved into Planting trees for today's people; evolving from Cuju to today's popular global football sport is of far-reaching significance and cannot be underestimated.

At the same time, the evolution of the Cold Food Festival in 2640 is a reflection of the ideologies of multiple classes in ancient Chinese society, and is one of the important clues for contemporary research on ancient Chinese sociology.

2. Cultural value

Historically, the activities of the Cold Food Festival were mainly about banning smoking and cold food in commemoration, and gradually evolved into worshiping sweepers and worshiping ancestors, which contained the principles of loyalty, filial piety and integrity. The concept is completely in line with the traditional moral core of ancient China that the country needs loyalty and the family needs filial piety, and has become an important carrier of family harmony and social stability. In modern times, the Cold Food Festival has become an important form of commemorating revolutionary martyrs and educating young people. At the same time, during the Cold Food Festival, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese return to their hometowns to visit tombs and worship their ancestors, which has become an important festival to inherit the ancestral culture of the Chinese nation and reflect national identity and cohesion.

The ancient ancestors’ persistence in banning smoking and cold food during the Cold Food Festival expressed their unswerving nostalgia for the recommendation of the sages throughout the ages. There are dozens of kinds of cold food and drinks, most of which have profound meanings. For example: offering sacrifices to snakes and rabbits, there is a saying in Jiexiu custom that "snakes and rabbits will definitely make you rich", which means hoping that the country will become rich and the people strong; sacrificing noodles and swallows, the Jiexiu dialect is to educate future generations to "never forget" Jiexiu The public is high-spirited and upright.

Planting willows during the Cold Food Festival means pursuing political clarity...

In Yuan Zaju, modern Peking Opera, Jin Opera, modern Jin Opera, and Ming Dynasty novels, there are many special repertoire and chapters introducing the Cold Food Festival. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the legends, stories and inscriptions about Jie Zhitui have also become important historical materials for the study of folk literature and epigraphic art of the Three Jin Dynasties.

3. Artistic value

The Cold Food Festival has produced many literary works in its development process: "Zuo Zhuan·The Twenty-Fourth Year of Duke Xi" "Jie Zhidong Speechless" "Lu" has been repeatedly cited in historical masterpieces such as "Historical Records" and "Zizhi Tongjian". It was included in the Qing Dynasty's ancient prose enlightenment book "Gu Wen Guan Zhi". The first article of "Chinese Prose Appreciation" is "Jie Zhidui does not mention Lu". It has become one of the classic works of ancient Chinese literature. Among the poetry works of the past dynasties, poems about the Cold Food Festival have never stopped from Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period, Sun Chu in the Western Jin Dynasty to modern times. There are nearly 300 poems in the Tang Dynasty alone, and more than 100 poems and Yuan songs in the Song Dynasty, involving Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Historical celebrities such as Zhang Shuo and representatives of various schools such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi and the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties have become important materials for studying the development history of Chinese poetry.

Poetry for the Cold Food Festival

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"He Zi from Cold Food" Su Shi

Hanshi is dark in February this year, and the woods are deep The green has smoke.

Who can borrow the horses that go around the city? It’s easy to find famous gardens everywhere.

But there is no need to compile occasional poems when hanging a wine pot.

Suddenly I heard the cry of shellfish and was startled. Who on the river was managing the abandoned fields?

"Qingming" by Huang Tingjian

On the Qingming Festival, the peaches and plums smile, and the wild fields and graves only produce sorrow.

Thunder shook the sky and earth, dragons and snakes stung, and the rain fell on the grass and trees in the countryside.

People beg for sacrifices for their arrogant concubines, and scholars are willing to burn their hearts for injustice.

The wise and foolish know who they are for thousands of years, and their eyes are full of basil and grass.

"Cold Food" Han Hong

Flowers are flying everywhere in the spring city, and the east wind of Cold Food keeps the willows from slanting.

At dusk, candles were passed around the Han Palace, and light smoke dispersed into the house of the Five Marquises.

Appreciation

Hanshi is a traditional festival in ancient my country, usually one hundred and five days after the winter solstice and two days before Qingming. The ancients attached great importance to this festival. According to custom, every family banned fire and only ate ready-made food, so it was called cold food. Since the festival falls in late spring and the scenery is pleasant, from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, cold food has become a good day for travel. Song people said: "The only festival in the world is cold food." (Shao Yong) In the system of the Tang Dynasty, on the Qingming day, the emperor announced that The fire of elms and willows was given to the ministers nearby to show the emperor's favor. Dou Shuxiang, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem titled "The Cold Food Sun Bestows Fire" which actually states: "The light of grace reaches the humble ministers, and the bright candles suddenly startle the spring. The movies follow, and the stars shine on passers-by. Fortunately, the warmth of elms and willows illuminates the poor grass and thatch." ." It can be compared with Han Hong's poem.

This poem only focuses on the description of the cold food scene, and there is no word about criticism. The first sentence shows the charming scenery of Chang'an during the Cold Food Festival. Calling Chang'an the "City of Spring" in spring is not only a novel and beautiful wording, but also the two words have a tonal change of yin and yang, which is harmonious and pleasant to the ear. "Flying flowers" everywhere not only describe the colorful and colorful spring, but also accurately express the late spring scene of cold food. In late spring, catkins are flying in the brisk east wind, and there are countless fallen reds. Instead of saying "everywhere", say "everywhere", using double negation to form an affirmation, forming an emphatic tone, and the expression effect is stronger. "Spring City is full of flying flowers" describes the whole of Chang'an, while the next sentence is dedicated to the scenery of the imperial city. Since the whole of Chang'an is full of spring and bustling, you can imagine the scene in the palace. Like the first sentence, this does not directly describe the grand occasion of the spring outing, but cuts a scene of the infinite scenery and the wind blowing against the "imperial willow". The custom at that time was to break willows and insert them into the door during the cold eclipse day, so willows were specifically written about. At the same time, we also pay attention to the following "With Yuliu

Allusions to the Cold Food Festival

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Cutting shares to serve the emperor

It is said that in In the Spring and Autumn Period, after the death of Duke Xiang of Jin, there was chaos in Jin and various princes competed for the throne. Prince Chong'er (Dong Wen of Jin) was driven out of the Jin State. He went through hardships, hunger and could not endure all the discrimination while taking refuge abroad. The leader of the Pioneer Battalion, Jie Zitui, and other ministers followed Chong'er loyally. Geng Geng lived in exile abroad for 19 years.

In the most difficult situation, Chong'er was exiled to Weiguo and could not walk due to hunger. The ministers collected wild vegetables to cook, but Chong'er could not swallow them. The loyal minister Jie Zitui secretly went into the valley, cut off a piece of meat from his leg, and mixed it with the wild vegetables. Boil it into soup and give it to Chong'er. Chong'er took it and wolfed it down. Then he asked where the meat and vegetable soup came from. The minister next to him told him that Jie Zitui had cut it from his thigh. Chong'er was moved to tears after hearing this.

——This is the Jie Zitui's "cutting one's stock to serve the emperor"

The Cold Food Festival is an important folk festival in Shanxi in spring.

The first is Qingming Cold Food, recommended in memory of Jin Dynasty official Jie

Jiexiu Mianshan - the birthplace of Qingming (cold food) Festival

In our country In the long-standing folk culture, there are only two festivals to commemorate historical figures: one is the Dragon Boat Festival in May, to commemorate Qu Yuan, a doctor of Chu State; the other is Qingming Cold Food, to commemorate the official Jie Zhi of Jin State. Marshal Ye Jianying once made an incisive discussion on this: "To express mourning with cold food, Mianshan was burned again for fear of causing fire. This is probably the same as taking a dragon boat to throw rice dumplings on the Miluo River on the day of Qu Zi's death on the Dragon Boat Festival in May. In order to commemorate Qu Yuan, First of all, I am afraid that the fish will damage Qu Zi's body again. This is the best way for the powerless people to remember their beloved historical figures. "Two sages from the same period, one in the south and one in the north, twin stars shine together; one water. A fire will lead to righteousness and benevolence; a river and a mountain will be recorded in the annals of history forever.

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