Watch ice lanterns, watch snow sculpture eat jiaozi, set off firecrackers, chew pig's trotters, eat salmon, visit relatives and friends, play poker and mahjong.
Harbin summed it up by himself, hahaha.
Some information on the internet doesn't feel close to life.
Shanxi province
The folk customs of the Spring Festival are similar all over the country. Shaanxi has simple folk customs, and the Spring Festival has strong local flavor and local characteristics. In ancient times, the year was not on the 29th or 30th of the twelfth lunar month, but on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, that is, Laba. La Worship was moved to the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Republic of China, when the solar calendar was changed, the year of the lunar calendar was called the Spring Festival, because it was always after beginning of spring, so it was called the Spring Festival.
People in Shaanxi still call the Spring Festival "Chinese New Year" today, and a story about Chinese New Year has been handed down. In ancient times, there was a beast called Nian, whenever the cold winter approached the night of the New Year. Eating people outside makes people fidget. In the struggle with Nian, people found that this fierce beast was most afraid of fire and noise, so people thought of a way. As soon as Nian appeared, they lit a fire and jumped into the bamboo cracks. I saw a raging fire and heard firecrackers explode in 2000, and fled without a trace. Later, a Chinese New Year reunion was gradually formed. The customs and habits of observing the old age, hanging red lights, posting couplets, setting off firecrackers and eating New Year's Eve.
In rural Shaanxi, the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is the Lunar New Year, and the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is called "off-year". In some places in the countryside, it is called "offering sacrifices to stoves", that is, offering sacrifices to the "kitchen god" who dominates good and bad luck in order to have ample food and clothing. After the Spring Festival, people will prepare for it. Ordinary farmers kill pigs and sheep, grind rice and noodles, make tofu, buy vegetables, hang vermicelli and prepare all the food needed for the New Year. From the 27th to 29th of the twelfth lunar month, Guanzhong people pack steamed buns. Every household is short of several cages of steamed buns. It is a custom to eat them after the fifteenth day of the first month, and not to roll noodles before the fifteenth day of the first month. Women go to the streets to buy clothes, shoes and socks for the elderly and children, while the elderly buy red paper, New Year pictures, mingbi, white linen paper and other Chinese New Year etiquette supplies.
Two days before New Year's Eve, Shaanxi, whether it is Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi or urban and rural areas, must "sweep the house", and people in the city call it general cleaning. Before and after every house, outside the kiln, even the corners should be cleaned. Then paste white paper and red window grilles on the window room. In the early thirties, every household posted couplets and door gods, and hung New Year pictures in the house. This year has finally arrived.
Entering the twelfth lunar month, people began to get busy, and they were busy until the thirtieth of the twelfth lunar month, when the Chinese New Year officially began. Before dinner on New Year's Eve, every household should clean and tidy up the house, yard, front and back of the house, and affix red couplets (yellow or green couplets for mourners), door gods, window grilles and so on. And put corresponding couplets on the gate, bedroom, stove and barn. When everything was ready, they started lighting candles, burning incense, setting off firecrackers and offering sacrifices to their ancestors. After that, the whole family gathered at a table to eat "reunion dinner", commonly known as "reunion dinner". In the evening, all the houses are brightly lit, the fires are blazing, the young and the old stay up all night, and the furnace is "guarding the old", commonly known as "sitting on the roots of the year". At the same time, the whole family should take a bath, change clothes and pack jiaozi in turn to prepare for the Chinese New Year. At midnight (equivalent to today's 23: 00- 1: 00), thousands of firecrackers rang in unison, meaning "catching stars" and "welcoming the god of wealth", and some of them even put on incense tables and bowed down. It is said that the god of wealth will go to the house where firecrackers ring first. Then, the younger generation kowtows to the elders to pay New Year greetings, and the elders also give the children "lucky money" prepared in advance. People separated from their families began to rush to pay New Year greetings to each other and stayed up all night until the morning of the first day.
From the first day to the tenth day, Ankang people also have the custom of predicting the prosperity of grain and livestock by watching the weather. According to legend, the weather is predicted every day. That is, the first day I see chickens, the second day I see dogs, the third day I see sheep, the fourth day I see pigs, the fifth day I see cows, the sixth day I see horses, the seventh day I see people, the eighth day I see cereals (crops), the ninth day I see fruits (fruit trees) and the tenth day I see vegetables. Commonly known as "the tenth day of the Spring Festival is sunny, the harvest year is happy and peaceful, the tenth day of the Spring Festival is cloudy, and rice is as expensive as gold".
Lanterns were everywhere in the first month.
In the moon, colorful lanterns, every household welcomes the Spring Festival. All kinds of colorful lights constitute a major landscape of Shaanxi customs.
On the fifteenth day of the first month in Xi 'an, "Zhang Deng" can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. On the fifteenth day of the first month, this day was called Shangyuan Festival in ancient times, and the night of this day was called "Yuanxiao", also called "Yuanxiao". Every night, Emperor Wendi decorated lanterns and went out to enjoy them with people. Since then, the tradition of decorating lanterns on Xi 'an Lantern Festival has sprung up like mushrooms after rain, which shows that people can live a good year of social stability and adequate food and clothing, and it has been passed down to this day. Xi 'an's city walls and Revolutionary Park hold lantern exhibitions almost every year. In recent years, the lantern festival on Xi 'an city wall is getting bigger and bigger every year. From carrying forward China's traditional culture, abandoning evil and doing good, respecting the old and loving the young, wishing the year "good weather", the society "good luck" and the people "wealth and longevity" to the typical story that the 13th Dynasty established its capital here, it has formed a pleasing folk custom and historical picture scroll. The audience can not only read the historical records of Xi dynasties from the Lantern Festival. In order to enrich the content of Lantern Festival, Xi 'an invited foreign lanterns to make Lantern Festival this year. A large-scale light exhibition from Zigong, a southern light city, which integrates sound, light, shape, color and movement, appeared on the city wall. The Revolution Park once hosted the first large-scale Spring Festival Lantern Festival in Xi 'an after the reform and opening up, and became the traditional venue for the Spring Festival Lantern Festival in Xi 'an. In addition to the light show, amusement parks and resorts such as Weiyang Lake, Taoyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Anbanpo Lake in Xi 'an also introduced folk gongs and drums, social fires, fireworks and operas, and held garden activities on the fifteenth day of the first month.
In northern Shaanxi, the lights will be turned on on the fifteenth day of the first month. Villages and towns set up Jiuge Square in the open space, and people go to "turn Jiuge", also called "turn the lights". The Jiuqu Square was planted with 3,665,438+0 sorghum stalks, and 367 oil lamps (which have been replaced by colored lights) were hung on the stalks. There is no repeated road in the square. Some people call it Jiuqu Yellow River Array. Playing gongs and drums and suona together at night can turn nine songs. The "Zhuanjiuqu" lasted for three nights from the 14th to 16th of the first month. There is a local saying that "Zhuan Jiu Ge" can live 90 years. Playing with flowers is also a special activity of the Lantern Festival. This is a kind of self-made fireworks, which melts copper and iron into molten copper and molten iron, then pours wet sand on the board and throws it into the sky together, and then scatters when it falls. This kind of ancient fireworks is more interesting than some modern fireworks.
Lantern is a traditional folk handicraft in Longxian County. Strange shapes, including sky lanterns, dragon lanterns, gossip lanterns, flower basket lanterns, flower drum lanterns, toad lanterns, cabbage lanterns, red gauze lanterns, cupping lanterns, riding lanterns, beaded lanterns and so on. During the Spring Festival, relatives and friends should exchange lanterns to celebrate the New Year. My uncle sent a lamp to my nephew until he was twelve years old. The last year's lamp delivery was called "Finish the lamp". On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival is very lively. There are thousands of lights in the street. The lantern market decorated the county with colorful lights, and the crowds who bought and watched lanterns were bustling. Every household should hang sky lanterns in the yard, door lanterns on the doors, and even people who live in buildings should hang lanterns on the balcony. Children walk around the street with lanterns in droves, which is called "lantern-riding", while adults carry cupping lanterns and take offerings to their ancestral graves, which is called "ancestors hanging lanterns".
Customs in Northeast China
Spring Festival is the biggest festival in China, and there are many customs handed down from ancient times, especially in the northeast.
In the past, almost all celebrations to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year and pray for good luck were held on New Year's Eve. The whole family should put on new clothes.
First of all, the whole family worships their ancestors, burns incense and candles, and makes extensive offerings. According to their seniority, they bowed to the three generations of gods and resigned. Later, a family dinner was held, in which the elders sat on the table and the younger generation sat on the table, which meant "the first reunion". Food and fruit must be rich, making people feel full, which indicates that they will have plenty of food and clothing and a prosperous career in the coming year.
This meal is the first time to taste new year's food, and both meat and vegetables are acceptable. Usually, there should be Chinese New Year dishes such as braised pork, stewed mutton, rice noodles, braised elbow strips, Yuanbao meat, southern fried meatballs, Four Joy Meetballs, frozen chicken, frozen fish, frozen pork, bean paste, fermented bean curd, mustard tuber, spicy mustard, fried pickles and wax gourd.
During the dinner, the young and the old wished each other, and the brothers pushed a cup for a change and enjoyed family happiness. After dinner, the children scattered sesame stalks all over the yard and walked on them, which was called "stepping on the old"; Then the spring lanterns hanging indoors and outdoors are lit together, and the New Year pictures and spring strips are illuminated on the four walls, and the indoor and outdoor lights are brilliant.
On the "Heaven and Earth Table", there are "Eighteen Buddhas in Three Places, Three Boundaries" or "Hundred Books" (photo album of the gods of heaven and earth) printed with rhubarb paper. There are cakes, honey, fresh noodles, fruits, vegetarian dishes, rice cakes and rice as offerings, as well as high golden red candles and meridian incense to welcome the blessings from the gods below.
In order to cherish the past years, men, women and children have to stay up all night and engage in different recreational activities, which is called "guarding the old age". Children have been playing at will, shaking diabolo, spinning top, twisting promotion plan, throwing dice, playing cow card, playing glass horn, playing harmonica, playing shadow play, lighting lanterns, playing "Didi Jiner", "mouse excrement" and "yellow smoke belt"
In entertainment places, there are fresh fruits, sweets, dried fruits, warm and simple, fried red fruits, candied begonia and so on. They are all added, and you can eat and have fun until you are "inspired".
At midnight, firecrackers rang through the night sky. "Silver flowers are rusty all over the sky, and the streets are thick with smoke." Every family gathered at the table of heaven and earth to burn incense and worship, and offered vegetarian dumplings to welcome the gods down to earth.
After the ceremony, it was announced that the old year had passed and the new year was coming. This is a solemn moment of "five minutes and two years". The whole family says "Happy New Year" to each other, and the younger generation will kowtow to their elders in class. The elders will introduce the "lucky money" to underage children one by one.
At last, the whole family had a vegetarian meal in jiaozi, which was called "jiaozi" and "jiaozi Reunion".
Only one of hundreds of jiaozi has coins, which means that people who eat this jiaozi will have a good year.
Today, people in Northeast China still retain many ancient traditional customs of Spring Festival.
Manchu Spring Festival
The traditional festivals of Manchu are basically the same as those of Han nationality. It is said that "Manchu and Han customs are different, assimilated for a long time, and there are many similarities" (Volume 98 of Fengtian Tongzhi). However, "the old customs of Manchu and Han are different", and the Manchu New Year Festival has a unique style.
Spring Festival: Before the festival, we should make a traditional Manchu pastry-Saqima, and paste couplets, window grilles, hanging notes (dividends according to the flag, yellow, blue and white) and blessings (Guaerjia in Liaobinta Village, Xinmin County, Shenyang has a mahogany plate with blessings printed on it). Manchu people like to wear leather bags. Before the Spring Festival, as usual, the court will give the princes and ministers a "safe year" purse, and the people will also give each other gifts. On the afternoon of New Year's Eve and the morning of New Year's Day, ancestors are to be sacrificed to heaven. On new year's eve, you should pick up the gods. After receiving God, put a crossbar at the gate to prevent ghosts from coming in. On New Year's Eve, door gods are also hung to ward off evil spirits and ghosts, which is the result of absorbing the customs of the Han nationality. Door gods can be divided into "general door gods", "Fulu door gods", "judge door gods" and "doll door gods". Today, there is a palace keeper in Shenyang Forbidden City. On New Year's Eve, the "imperial edict paper" is distributed, and then the younger generation of men go to various families in the family to "resign". At midnight on New Year's Eve, everyone eats jiaozi and even puts a few coppers in the jiaozi. People who eat it will be "lucky in the end" Set off firecrackers when accepting God's resignation. On New Year's Eve, a lantern pole is erected in every yard, with red light hanging high. From New Year's Eve to the sixth day, it doesn't go out every night. In the court, the "sky lantern" is hung on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month and lit every night until February 3rd of the following year.
New Year's Day, commonly known as New Year's Day, is called "Happy New Year" when everyone gets up early, puts on new clothes and congratulates each other.
Eating jiaozi in Manchu Spring Festival is called "Chuai Yuanbao".
Manchu Spring Festival is called "New Year's Day" in ancient times and "Aniye Nengye" in Manchu, which is a traditional grand festival of Manchu. It is held on the first day of the lunar calendar every year. This festival usually lasts for three to five days. In some areas in the past, it was extended to the fifteenth day of the first month. Popular in Manchu areas all over the country.
Manchu Spring Festival originated from Han customs. After Nurhachi established the post-Jin regime, the soldiers entered Liaoyang and Shenyang in three years (16 18). Under the influence of Han economy and culture, Manchu society has developed greatly. Especially after Huang taiji ascended the throne, in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing army entered the capital of Shanhaiguan, and a large number of Manchu residents moved to Shanhaiguan, where they lived together with the Han nationality, and they exchanged and influenced each other economically and culturally. With the passage of time, many customs and cultures of Han nationality have been absorbed by Manchu people, and the Spring Festival has also become a traditional festival for Manchu and Han nationality.
Before the festival, people actively buy new year's goods, clean the courtyard, paste couplets, hang banners (also known as flags), pray for blessings on window grilles, steam rice cakes and bake water spoons. In the early morning of the first day, every household set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. At the same time, set up offerings, light Tatar incense, worship ancestors, and pray for the gods to bless the whole family and all the best in the new year. At the beginning of the new year, the whole family get together for a reunion dinner, commonly known as "chuai Yuanbao". When cooking jiaozi, the family mainly shouted "Are you getting married?" Others replied at the same time: "Get up!" They compared jiaozi's rising from the bottom of the pot to a rising day. Then let the children climb on the cupboard and jump three times to show that they "jump high" on the new day.
On this day, the younger generation will kowtow to their elders to pay New Year greetings (in the old days, women bowed down and caressed their temples), and parents will give their children lucky money to keep them alive. Close relatives of clans should also pay New Year greetings to each other, and relatives and friends are invited to attend banquets to catch up with the old and talk about the new. Boys set off fireworks in groups of three or five, play with wooden sleds, or skate happily; Girls and young women wear costumes and play with galaha (toys made of kneecaps of pigs or cows).
Song and dance are an important part of festival activities. According to the Records of the Bohai Sea, when the 20-year-old officials and people met, they were happy, singing and dancing with shillings, accompanied by scholars and women for generations, and even sang in harmony, which was called "after the step". Walking on stilts. Up to now, this custom is still enduring. From the first day to the fifth day, people get together, sing, dance, walk on stilts and have a good time. In some places, young people spontaneously organize performance teams to perform in villages and celebrate the New Year, which makes the festive atmosphere even stronger.
During the Chinese New Year, Manchu people used to make "Saqima" with refined flour, eggs, sugar, sesame seeds, green red seeds and melon seeds. Its color, fragrance and taste are beautiful, and it is a popular holiday product with unique national flavor.
Sichuan Province
On the Spring Festival Eve in Sichuan, the whole family has dinner together. Dinner was very rich, especially rich, but jiaozi didn't eat it. Eat jiaozi in the morning of the first day. Bacon, sausage and other pickled products are usually cooked on the 27th and 28th of the twelfth lunar month and eaten until the end of the year. Setting off firecrackers, on the first day to the third day, "leaving a daughter" (visiting relatives) usually means visiting the elderly and relatives of the elders, and bringing gifts such as chicken, eggs, noodles, wine, tobacco leaves (tobacco leaves). Daughter-in-law and son-in-law will go back to their parents' home and live in the countryside for a few days. There will be a carnival in the evening (in the city). During the day, temple fairs and teahouses are very lively, and there are many performances such as Sichuan Opera and storytelling.