Carnation is also called carnation. It is a perennial semi-woody herb, usually cultivated biennially. The plant height is 4 ~ 9 cm. The stems are gray-green, the nodes are enlarged, the leaves are opposite, linear, and the stems are held at the base. Flowers are solitary or clustered with 2 ~ 4 flowers, which are fragrant. There is irregular tooth crack at the apex of the flower office, which is single or repeated. Flowers are red, pink, yellow, white and multicolored. The flower diameter is 5 ~ 1 cm, and the flowering period is May ~ July. It blooms all the year round in greenhouse. Capsule is cylindrical.

Carnation has tall and straight branches, green leaves, beautiful flowers, elegant posture, rich colors and pleasant fragrance, and it blooms in all seasons when conditions are right. It is the best cut flower material. With asparagus and other lining leaves inserted into the bottle, they set each other off and become interesting, which is a good product for decorating the interior.

1. Soil selection for carnation culture

Soil or medium is the place where plant roots move. It is very important for carnation cultivation to create a loose and breathable rhizosphere environment with certain fertilizer and water conservation ability. Carnation is a herbaceous flower with fibrous roots, and its roots like to grow in loose and fertile soil or medium with good ventilation. The best soil for planting carnations is sandy loam. The ventilation gap of soil accounts for about 3% of the ideal, and the sticky and silted soil is not conducive to the growth of carnations, so it needs to be improved, and its core is to coordinate the relationship among solid, liquid and gas in the soil.

2. Temperature requirements for carnation cultivation

Temperature plays a qualitative and quantitative role in the growth and development of carnation, which is manifested in the aspects of affecting its growth speed, the shape and size of flowers, leaves and stems, the yield of cut flowers and the life span of cut flowers. Carnation is a cool plant, and the optimum temperature for growth and development is 19 ~ 2L℃, and the temperature difference between day and night should be kept within 1℃. When the temperature is too high during the day, carnations appear narrow leaves, small flowers and poor branches. When the temperature is too high at night, abnormal reactions such as weak stems, small flowers and good colors will occur. The temperature is higher than 35C in summer and lower than 9 C in winter, and the growth is slow or abnormal or even stopped.

3. Lighting requirements for carnation cultivation

Light is the energy for plant growth. Carnation has the highest requirement for light among known plants. There is no need to worry that strong light will have any harmful effect on carnations except for seedling raising or full flowering. Carnation is a cumulative long-day plant. The longer the sunshine accumulated, the more it can promote the flower bud differentiation, and then bloom early, improve the uniformity of flowering and cut flower yield. Auxiliary lighting can not only promote the elongation of plant internodes, inhibit the growth of lateral branches, but also increase the diameter of corolla and the brightness of flowers and colors.

4. watering method of carnation culture

carnations are shallow-rooted flowers, and the planting depth should not exceed 2 cm. After planting, they should be watered once and then watered when the pot soil is dry. Carnations are not moisture-tolerant. Except for increasing the amount of water in the vigorous growth period, flowering period and midsummer, it is generally not advisable to water too much, and keep the soil moisture to a certain extent. Avoid over-wetting the soil during flowering.

5. Fertilization method of carnation culture

Carnation is a shallow-rooted plant, and its roots are mainly distributed in the soil layer of 2 cm. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied during cultivation. Organic fertilizers, such as manure, compost and bone meal, are used as the base fertilizer to improve the physical properties of the cultivated soil and enhance its fertility, making it a light and fertile loam rich in humus. The base fertilizer can only be used after composting

Carnation has a long growth period and needs to be supplemented with soil fertilizer. Topdressing is based on the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application. Topdressing can be done once every 25 ~ 3 days for planting in the open field. If the original fertility of soil is not high, the interval of topdressing should be shortened. Potted plants can be topdressing once every 7 ~ 1 days. During the two growth peaks, the number of topdressing can be increased. Fertilizer can be cake fertilizer water, chicken manure water, or compound fertilizer can be applied alternately.

6. Precautions for Carnation Culture

(1) The soil should be kept moist during the vigorous growth period in spring and autumn to meet the needs of growth and development. In summer, the growth is inhibited in high temperature period, so it is advisable to control watering and strengthen ventilation to keep the basin soil slightly dry.

(2) Generally, "first frost" enters the greenhouse before and after, and the temperature control is most suitable at 1 ~ 2℃. In order to delay the flowering period, the temperature can be raised or lowered appropriately. We should try to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

(3) Topdressing is based on the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently. Potted plants can be topdressing with thin decomposed liquid fertilizer once every 7 ~ 1 days.

(4) Enter the room in winter and place it in sunny and well-ventilated place for cultivation. If the temperature is suitable, the flowering period can be extended to March of the following year.

(5) At the seedling stage, coring should be carried out for 1 ~ 2 times to promote branching, so that each plant has about 1 lateral branches. After picking the heart, the plant is beautiful and blooming. With the growth of branches, supports should be set up to prevent lodging. During the growth period, the lateral buds and small buds produced on each branch should be removed in time, and only one bud at the top of each branch should be kept, so that nutrients can be supplied to the top bud in a centralized way.

7. Propagation method of carnation culture

Carnation can be propagated by cutting, sowing and tissue culture. Generally, cutting is the main method of conventional propagation.

Cutting propagation is mostly carried out in spring, and it can be carried out at other times except in hot summer. The bed inserting medium can be perlite plus peat or coke bran. It is advisable to choose thick lateral branches in the middle of the plant and short internodes for cutting. When picking cuttings, take the branches by hand and pull them down with the flow, so that the base of cuttings has the main stem cortex, which makes it easier to survive. Cutting should be done immediately after harvest, so as not to wilt the branches and leaves, otherwise the survival rate will be greatly reduced; Or soak the cuttings in water before cutting, so that the cuttings can absorb enough water and grow hard before cutting? In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, cuttings can be treated with 1 ~ 1 mg/kg NAA or IBA. Shade after planting and spray water frequently. Rooting takes place in about 2 days at 13 ~ 15℃.

Seeding propagation is mainly used for hybrid breeding, or potted flowers are produced from hybrid seeds. The suitable temperature for transplanting is 18 ~ 2℃, which germinates in about one week and becomes < P > seedlings in 2 ~ 3 months.

Tissue culture and propagation is an important means to produce virus-free seedlings, which is widely used in cut flower production. Generally, shoot tips are used for virus-free culture, and then a large number of propagation are carried out.

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