Japan customarily divides its fishery production into marine fishing (including ocean fishing, inshore fishing, and coastal fishing, which in practice is roughly equivalent to marine fishing and ocean fishing in the division of fisheries in China), mariculture, freshwater aquaculture, freshwater fishing, and other parts.

Marine fishing has always been the leading industry in Japan's fisheries industry, and despite successive reductions in production, more than 80% of the output is still generated by marine fishing. In order of production, the main species caught are tuna, skipjack tuna, salmon and trout, sardines, mackerel, mackerel, swordfish, cod, turbot, squid, and others. Compared with 2004, in 2005, the production of mackerel in Japan rose sharply, but the production of sardines, scallops, and salmon trout declined; the amount of production of scallops and salmon trout increased, but the amount of production of skipjack tuna, okuyaki, and tuna declined. The total production of marine fishing was 4.412 million tons, 47,000 tons less than the previous year; the total production amounted to 159.4 billion yen, 0.6% less than the previous year.

Japan's marine aquaculture production in recent years has been maintained at more than 1.2 million t. In 2005, the total production of marine aquaculture was 1.121 million t, a decrease of 129,000 t compared with the highest year of 1994 when it was 1.34 million t. The total production value of marine aquaculture in 2005 was 439.2 billion yen, an increase of 4.9 billion yen compared with the previous year. Among them, 269,000t of fish culture (increased by 2.7% from the previous year) and 191.8 billion yen (decreased by 2.4% from the previous year); 422,000t of shellfish culture (decreased by 6.4% from the previous year) and 77.1 billion yen (increased by 6.4% from the previous year); and 509,000t of seaweed (increased by 5.2% from the previous year) and 121.3 billion yen (increased by 2.4% from the previous year). The main species of mariculture are amberjack, red sea bream, scallop, oyster, kelp, wakame, nori, as well as tooth flounder, river jack, true mackerel, Japanese shrimp and mother-of-pearl.

In 2005, Japan's total freshwater capture and freshwater aquaculture production amounted to 96,000 tons, which was less than half of the 1979 production at its peak. Of this total, 54,000t of freshwater fishing and 42,000t of freshwater aquaculture were produced, with a total value of 102.1 billion yen, a decrease of 1.3 billion yen from the previous year. The main species of freshwater fishing for anadromous salmon and trout species, fragrant fish, carp, river corbicula, eel, etc., the main species of freshwater aquaculture for trout, fragrant fish, carp, eel, in addition to crucian carp, snappers, etc., a single species of production is usually less than 1,000 tons. Japan's aquatic products are mainly salt products, dry products, fish seasoning, frozen food, fat and fertilizer, frozen fresh products, canned products, etc. In 2005, the total amount of food processing for 2.095 million tons, a decrease of 39,000 tons compared with the previous year, the main products processed for the salt products of 209,000 tons, 334,000 tons of dry products, fish seasoning 655,000 tons, 286,000 tons of frozen food, 166,000 tons of frozen fresh products and 1,000,000 tons of frozen fresh products. Compared with the previous year, in 2005, except for a slight increase in the processing volume of dried products, the rest of the frozen food, salt products and seasoned food processing volume have decreased to varying degrees.

Japan is a large consumer of aquatic products, domestic consumption of aquatic products in 2004 was 10.48 million tons, a decrease of 5% over the previous year. The consumption of edible fish accounted for 80%, equivalent to about 62.7kg per person per year. 34.5kg per person per year if the inedible portion is removed. 2004, Japan's self-sufficiency rate of edible aquatic products was 55%, lower than the 57% in 2003, mainly because of the decrease in domestic fishery production while imports increased. According to statistics, the self-sufficiency rate of seaweed was 65% in 2005. In Japan, there are 203 fishing ports in the main production area, and the total volume of water in 2005 was about 2.887 million tons, roughly equal to that of the previous year; the total volume of water was 525.5 billion yen, about 4% less than that of the previous year. There are 6 fishing ports with over 100,000 tons of water, including 229,000 tons in Yaizu, 215,000 tons in Choshi, 158,000 tons in Ishinomaki, 149,000 tons in Hachinohe, 119,000 tons in Kushiro, and 116,000 tons in Kesennuma, and there are other ports with large amounts of water, such as Matsuura, Sakaiminaka, Hatazaki, and Pillowaki.

At present, there are about 900 origin markets in Japan, and the circulation volume and amount of money are decreasing. In response to the emergence of small-scale market turnover is too small to play the market function, Japan at the end of March 2001 formulated and announced the "fish origin market consolidation and management rationalization related policy," according to which each metropolis, provinces, prefectures, and prefectures began to consolidate the market, and by the end of June 2005, 39 provinces, prefectures, and prefectures * * * reduction of 33 fishery products origin market.

The 10 major cities of Sapporo, Sendai, Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Hiroshima and Fukuoka all have centralized wholesale markets, and the changes in average prices show that transaction prices are generally on a downward trend. 2004 average prices for traded fresh seafood, processed seafood, and frozen seafood products were roughly in line with the previous year's prices, which were, respectively, 770 yen per kilogram (￥770/kg) for raw products, 730 yen per kilogram for processed products, 730 yen per kilogram for processed products, 730 yen per kilogram for processed products, 730 yen per kilogram for processed products, and 730 yen per kilogram for processed products. Processed products were 730 yen/kg, and frozen products were 791 yen/kg. Due to a decrease in the volume of okonomiyaki and skipjack tuna, the volume of fish and aquatic animals (excluding shellfish and seaweeds) circulating in the main production markets decreased by 3% compared with the previous year, and the average price of fish and aquatic animals was 182 yen/kg, a decrease of 5% compared with the previous year. Although the volume of market turnover decreased, the volume of direct purchases without going through the market by supermarkets and other units with high demand increased. Japan's imports of fish and shellfish are mostly fresh products. 2004, Japan's imports of aquatic products totaled 3.485 million t, 1637.1 billion yen, respectively, an increase of 160,000 t and 67.9 billion yen over the previous year. However, the number of imports was 9% less than the highest in 2001, and the amount was 16% less than the highest in the past in 1997. Among the imports of 100 billion yen or more: shrimp 238 billion yen (about 15% of total imports), tuna 233.7 billion yen (about 14%), salmon and trout 103.6 billion yen (about 6%), and other imports of large amounts of 80.7 billion yen of crabs, eel products 65.7 billion yen, 59.8 billion yen of cod roe, 52.2 billion yen of shrimp products, and 43.7 billion yen of squid.

In 2004, Japan exported 420,000 tons of aquatic products, 148.2 billion yen, respectively, an increase of 5400t and 12.9 billion yen over the previous year, the export volume for the first time in 12 years exceeded 400,000t mark. Among them, shellfish exports and exports are decreasing, but tuna, cod, etc. in the past five years was doubled growth trend. Export volume to China (in addition to Hong Kong, Macao) for the most, the main species are salmon trout and cod; export amount is Hong Kong for the most, with pearls, dried shellfish products, dried sea cucumbers. The average unit price of exports was 350 yen/kg, down 4.3% from 366 yen the previous year.

In 2004, Japan's imports of aquatic products in terms of quantity and value of the top five countries and regions are 66.5 million tons of mainland China, 335.7 billion yen (except Hong Kong and Macao, with processed eel products, processed crab products, frozen shrimp), the United States, 392,000 tons, 147.7 billion yen (with cod roe, frozen cod meat, salmon trout, mainly), Russia, 199,000 tons, 117 billion yen (mainly frozen crab, cod roe, frozen salmon trout), Thailand 248,000t, 110.3 billion yen (shrimp products, frozen squid, fresh and frozen shrimp), Taiwan 186,000t, 108.5 billion yen (mainly frozen tuna, live eel, processed eel products). Japan ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1996, and subsequently introduced the TAC system and export regulation system. 2001, Japan formulated the Fisheries Basic Law, carried out a resource recovery program, and introduced the overall regulation of fishing effort (TAE) system.

In addition to setting limits on allowable catch, catch effort, number of fishing vessels and horsepower, closed areas and periods, fishing gear and fishing laws, and allowable catch size through laws and regulations and autonomous regulations by fishermen's associations and fishermen's associations, Japan attaches great importance to the protection and enhancement of fishery resources, and has been increasing the efforts to enhance and release fishery resources, and investing heavily in the construction of artificial reefs.

Japan has a relatively perfect system of stocking and releasing. Take Shizuoka Prefecture as an example, it has established a system of resource enhancement and promotion agreement, which consists of the Prefectural Warm Water Utilization Research Center (seedling production and guidance on stocking and releasing), the Prefectural Fisheries Promotion Fund (to provide the necessary funds to supervise the release activities), the Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station (to guide the release activities and check the effect of release), and is divided into the following three areas of the agreement of the Izu, Hazunami and Hamana Lake, and then under the cities, towns and other fisheries associations. Under these are the fishery associations of each city and town, which are responsible for specific releases, statistics, and fund-raising. Every year, there are national and regional fishery enhancement meetings in Japan to exchange information on the situation of fishery resources, implementation of stocking, evaluation of the effects of stocking, and related research. Japan's annual stocking, mainly migratory small, fixed large reef species, in recent years, the release of fry are more than 5 billion, including salmon, seabream, black seabream, plaice, flounder, flounder and other fish, Japanese shrimp, one-horned shrimp, Portunus trituberculatus and other crustaceans, abalone, arkshell, scallops and other shellfish, as well as sea urchins and so on. 2004 release of the main species of whitefish 1.85 billion, seabream 19.8 million, black seabream 3.8 million, and the main species of the sea urchin. The main species released in 2004 were 1.85 billion whitefish, 19.8 million tails, 3.281 million black seabream, 3.08 million plaice, 24.613 million flounder, 134.645 million car shrimp, 27.01 million crabs, 23.911 million abalone, 638,000 quahogs, 74.643 million sea urchins, etc., which is a slight decrease in the number of releases compared to the previous year.

Japan is one of the earlier countries to carry out the construction of artificial reefs, since 1955 in the construction of a variety of artificial reefs throughout the country. 1975, the introduction of the "Coastal Fishing Ground Development Act", which requires the development of reefs to set up the business, aquatic plants and animals of the proliferation of farms, coastal fisheries preservation business and other three public **** business. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the prefectures and the cities, provinces and counties are required to implement these programs, which are financially subsidized by the central government through an annual plan. After more than 30 years of construction, more than one-tenth of the area of the entire Japanese fishing grounds have been set up with artificial reefs, with an average annual investment of nearly 3 billion yuan. Japan's artificial reefs are of various types and structures, and artificial reefs are set up in accordance with the conditions of different sea areas, and the technology of placing extra-large fish reefs in deep water has been mastered. In recent years, Japan has also attached great importance to the protection and restoration of natural seabed algal farms, including government departments, fisheries associations and fishermen have undertaken corresponding work, such as protection, investigation, analysis, restoration tests.

Fishery Labor and Earnings of Self-Employed Persons

As of November 1, 2005, the number of employed persons in the fishery industry in Japan was 222,510, a decrease of 8,490 persons, or 3.7%, from the previous year. The decrease in fishery catches and the downsizing of production scale all contributed to the decrease in the number of people employed in the fishing industry. Broken down by gender, there were 186,350 men (83.7%) and 36,160 women (16.3%), a decrease of 3.7% and 3.8% respectively from the previous year. By age group, those over 60 years old were the most numerous, accounting for 46.9%, while those aged 40-59 accounted for 38.6%, those aged 25-39 for 11.8% and those aged 15-24 for 2.7%. Younger people accounted for a smaller and smaller portion of the total, while the decrease was increasing.

In 2005, the average income per household in Japan's offshore fishing industry was 5.26 million yen (equivalent to about 342,000 yuan), down 0.6 percent from the previous year. Expenses amounted to 3.05 million yen, down 1.2 percent from the previous year. Personal income was 2.21 million yen, a decrease of 2.0%. In the breakdown of expenses, fuel costs accounted for 18.1%, depreciation 16.2% and staff costs 12.7%. The small-scale setnet fishery had an income of 5.94 million yen, an expense amount of 3.46 million yen, and a personal income amount of 2.48 million yen. Depreciation costs accounted for 18.6% of the expenditure costs, staff costs accounted for 12.5%, and various handling fees accounted for 11.5%. According to Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, soaring oil prices increased fuel costs by 13.1% from the previous year. However, the amount of private sector spending fell rather than increased mainly because companies have cut employee wages in order to save money.