1. Geomorphological features: The landform of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is mainly plateau with relatively flat terrain, with an average elevation of about1000 m.. However, due to the complex terrain, there are many mountains, hills and basins. Among them, karst landform is the main landform type of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, including karst landform and karst weathering landform.
2. Climatic characteristics: Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau belongs to subtropical humid climate with distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is between 15- 17℃, and the annual precipitation is between 800-1600 mm. Due to the uneven terrain, the climate types are also different. The southern region belongs to tropical monsoon climate, while the northern region belongs to temperate monsoon climate.
3. Biological characteristics: Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is an important biodiversity hotspot in China, with abundant animal and plant resources. There are vast forests and grasslands here, which are the habitats of many rare animals and plants. For example, the giant panda in China is unique to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. In addition, there are many famous Chinese herbal medicines, such as Coptis chinensis and Fritillaria.
4. Characteristics of mineral resources: Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is an important distribution area of mineral resources in China, which is rich in mineral resources, including coal, copper, iron, aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, gold and silver. Among them, Yunnan Dongchuan and Guizhou Shuicheng have the highest copper reserves in China.
Reasons for the formation of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
Crustal movement: The formation of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is closely related to crustal movement. During the evolution of the earth, the crustal plates constantly move, collide and separate, forming various landforms. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is due to the northward drift of the Indian plate and collision with the Eurasian plate, which makes the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift, while the Sichuan Basin, Guizhou Basin and Yunnan Plateau in the east are relatively sinking.
2. Geological structure: The formation of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is also related to geological structure. In the process of crustal movement, the strata are fractured and folded, forming many mountains and plateaus. These mountains and plateaus are intertwined, forming the basic outline of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Among them, the Himalayas extend northward to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which provides an important foundation for the topography of southwest China.
3. Climatic factors: Climatic factors also played a certain role in the formation of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with abundant precipitation and moderate temperature, which is beneficial to the growth of vegetation and the formation of soil. At the same time, the increase of precipitation also led to the development of rivers, which provided water source guarantee for the formation of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
4. Biological evolution: Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is rich in biodiversity, which also provides strong evidence for the formation of this area. In the long geological history, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has experienced many climate changes, and various animals and plants have thrived here, forming a unique ecosystem.