Soft-shelled turtle has the characteristics of being fond of yang and afraid of wind, quiet and afraid of shock, clean and dirty, cold and hot. Therefore, the breeding site should be selected at a certain distance from the town, far away from factories and mines, with convenient transportation and power supply, sufficient water sources without pollution, convenient water intake and drainage, good water quality, sunny and leeward, secluded environment and sufficient bait sources.
Second, the breeding environment conditions
1. environment: the environment should be quiet.
2. Water source: the water source should be sufficient and the water quality should meet the requirements of GB 1 1607-89 "Fishery Water Quality Standard".
3. Water quality of fish ponds: it shall meet the requirements of NY505 1-200 1 Water Quality Standard for Freshwater Culture of Pollution-free Food.
4. Fish ponds:
(1) Orientation: open and sunny.
(2) Shape: Rectangular is suitable.
(3) Area: the area should be 3 ~ 10 mu.
(4) Pool depth: 2.0~3.5m is appropriate.
(5) Water depth: 1.0 ~ 2.5m is appropriate.
(6) Slope ratio: 1: 0.5 ~ 1 is appropriate, and laying fine sand is beneficial to drying turtle backs.
Kill pathogens on the body surface.
Third, the preparation of soft-shelled turtle before entering the pool
1. pool cleaning and disinfection: it shall be carried out half a month before turtle breeding, and the pool water shall be drained and silt removed. After adding water100 ~150kg per mu with quicklime, the whole pond will be disinfected by spraying water evenly. After the toxicity disappears for 7 ~ 10, add water to 1.5 ~ 2m. ..
2. Construction of escape prevention facilities: drive a fixed wooden stake every 2 ~ 3m around the embankment, and fix asbestos shingles on the wooden stake (the asbestos shingles are buried 30cm, and the height above the soil is 1.5m) or use red brick powder (the height is about 1m, and the inner wall is smooth) as the escape prevention wall. The water inlet and outlet are blocked with a 50-mesh double-layer steel wire filter to prevent escape.
3. Planting aquatic plants: Using the water surface of 1/3 ~ 1/4, planting aquatic plants such as water hyacinths and water peanuts in the pond can not only purify and improve the water quality, but also play a role in shading, cooling, hiding and foraging for turtles.
4. Put in fresh bait: put more than 50 kilograms of live snails per mu for natural reproduction (disinfected with 5% salt water before putting in), and cultivate young snails for turtles to eat, so as to supplement the turtle's demand for calcium.
5. Scientific polyculture of silver carp and bighead carp. Turtle is rich in feces and urine, which can cultivate plankton in the pond, and weak and dying fish can be eaten by turtle. 30-60 kg of silver carp and bighead carp can be mixed per mu, and the transparency of the cultured water quality can be kept at 25-45 cm, which provides a safe culture environment for the growth of soft-shelled turtles and forms an ecological culture system of mutual benefit between fish and soft-shelled turtles.
Fourth, the species of soft-shelled turtle.
The best stocking time is from the end of March to the middle of April. Male soft-shelled turtle with individual size of 1 ~ 1.5kg/ was selected, and the stocking density was 90 ~ 120/mu. Germplasm requires complete appearance, no disease or injury, neat specifications, strong muscles, quick movements, strong vitality and fresh body color. Soak/kloc-0 in 5% salt water (or mixed with 15 ~ 20 mg/L potassium permanganate solution) for15 ~ 20min before entering the pool, then put the disinfection vessel into the water and let the soft-shelled turtle climb out to swim in the water.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) feeding management
1. Set the table. A platform with an area of 1 ~ 2m2 was built with wooden boards or asbestos shingles, and it was fixed at the edge of the pool, so that half of it was submerged in the water and the other half was exposed to the water, which was used for baiting and drying turtles.
2. Scientific diet training. Mix the turtle concentrate with water, knead into small balls and put them on the bait table to guide the turtle to eat. When the turtle finds itself eating, it will gradually add fresh bait to the feed for a period of time, and finally replace it with fresh bait, thus achieving the goal of taming the "three changes" and "three possibilities" of food.
"Three turns": (1) The turtle changed from feeding on concentrated feed to feeding on fresh bait completely; (2) The scattered rearing of turtles was changed to centralized rearing on shore;
(3) The transition from underwater feeding to shore feeding platform feeding.
"Three possibilities" are controllable (quantity), visible and preventable (disease).
3. Feeding management:
(1) Feeding in strict accordance with the "Four Fixed" policy:
Fixed point-fixed on the bait platform;
Regularly-feed 1 1 time every morning and at 5 pm;
Quantitative-feeding the soft-shelled turtle with 5- 10% of its body weight as daily feeding amount;
Qualitative determination-the bait is disinfected with 5% salt solution for 10 minute, while ensuring freshness, no pollution and no corruption.
(2) Reasonable collocation: fresh and fresh animal feeds such as silver carp, wild miscellaneous fish, shrimp, snail, mussel, Tenebrio molitor, earthworm, animal viscera, fly maggot, etc. are selected as the main materials, and a small amount of plant feeds such as corn, pumpkin, peel and vegetables are added, and a proper amount of aquatic multivitamins are added to ensure the turtle's comprehensive nutrition, improved immunity and excellent quality.
(3) Remove the residual bait in time, and wash the table top with 5% salt solution every 5-7 days to keep the culture environment clean.
4. Water quality adjustment: every 20 days or so, quicklime, chlorine dioxide and "EM Water Transfer King" are alternately used to adjust the aquaculture water quality, so as to achieve the purpose of conditioning, purifying, improving water quality and disinfecting water bodies.
5. Daily management:
(1) patrol the pond in the morning and evening, check the turtle activities, and handle problems in time when found.
(2) Keep a quiet environment, so as not to affect the feeding and growth of soft-shelled turtle.
(3) Keep a log for future reference, register the dead soft-shelled turtle in time, and check the reasons.
(4) Change the water frequently, once a week 1 time, to keep the water quality fat, lively, tender and cool.
(5) Production management personnel are on duty 24 hours a day, and the breeding places are closed and locked. Irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited from entering and leaving to ensure that there is no theft of turtles.
VI. Disease Prevention and Control
1. principle: prevention first, prevention is more important than treatment, and prevention and treatment are combined.
2. Preventive measures:
(1) Ecological prevention: change the water frequently, adjust the pH value, and keep the water quality good, which meets the requirements of turtle's ecological habit of being quiet, clean and cool.
(2) Biological control: A small amount of silver carp and bighead carp are mixed in the pond to adjust the water quality, while aquatic plants are planted to adjust the water environment.
(3) drug prevention: drug prevention must be taken in key links, such as drug disinfection,
Disinfect tools, regularly feed drugs, etc.
3. Drug selection: The drugs used should conform to NY507 1-200 1 Pollution-free Food and Fisheries.
It is a special aquatic drug certified by GMP (good manufacturing practice) according to the drug use guide. It is forbidden to use drugs without production license, name of production enterprise, batch number and production date, drugs with high toxicity, high pollution and high residue, and drugs with carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects. The main banned drugs are listed in the attached table 1.
4. Prevention and control of turtle disease: If turtle disease occurs during the breeding process, it should be prevented and controlled in time according to the methods listed in Schedule 2.
Seven. Fishing, storage and transportation
When the water temperature in the turtle pond drops below 15℃, the turtle has dived into the mud, and then drained the pond water for artificial dredging to catch the turtle. Those caught have not yet reached the commodity specifications and need to be preserved, and should be put into the reserve pool as soon as possible to avoid frostbite.