Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. The history of Bacillus anthracis can be traced back to 1867. It was first isolated and cultivated by robert koch, the famous father of bacteriology and winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology. Koch described in detail the morphological characteristics of Bacillus anthracis: both ends of Bacillus anthracis are covered with spores and protective membranes. Bacillus anthracis belongs to anaerobic bacteria, which can form spores in aerobic or unfavorable growth environment and has strong resistance and viability. It can survive in soil for 40 years, and once the environment is suitable, it will return from spore state to Bacillus. Therefore, it is the first choice as a biological weapon preparation.

Anthracnose is common in pastoral areas of South America, Africa and Asia. Herbivores are susceptible to anthrax. So it is also an occupational infectious disease in fur processing industry. Bacillus anthracis spores can enter the gastrointestinal tract and lungs through damaged skin and mucosa, and reproduce in the human body to produce toxins, thus causing infection. The incubation period of anthrax is 1 ~ 5 days, and the most common one is cutaneous anthrax, accounting for 95% of the cases. The initial symptoms after anthrax infection are papules, blisters and regional edema, followed by hemorrhagic necrosis, ulcer and black scab, and local pain is not significant.